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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">VpRpGVjSGZcLXxYHDKTVMNt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015000400005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Progression of Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in
					Hypertensive Patients in a Reference Center</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Gilberto Campos</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago de Souza Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Sebba Barroso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar Brand&#227;o Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff01">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de
						Goi&#226;nia</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#225;s</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o da Faculdade de
						Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, GO -
						Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Gilberto Campos Guimaraes Filho</bold>, Rua Villa 05,
					Lote 83, Qd 07 Condom&#237;nio Miafiori, Bairro Residencial Miafiori. Postal Code
					75900-000, Rio Verde, GO - Brazil E-mail:
						<email>camposguimaraes@yahoo.com.br</email>;
						<email>gilbertofilho@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research:Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim
						PCBV. Acquisition of data: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim PCBV.
						Analysis and interpretation of the data: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL,
						Jardim PCBV. Statistical analysis: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL. Obtaining
						financing: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC. Writing of the manuscript: Guimar&#227;es Filho
						GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim PCBV. Critical revision of the manuscript for
						intellectual content: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim TSV, Souza WSB,
						Jardim PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>104</volume>
      <issue>04</issue>
      <fpage>292</fpage>
      <lpage>298</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Hypertension is a public health problem, considering its high prevalence, low
						control rate and cardiovascular complications.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>Evaluate the control of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular outcomes in
						patients enrolled at the Reference Center for Hypertension and Diabetes,
						located in a medium-sized city in the Midwest Region of Brazil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Population-based study comparing patients enrolled in the service at the time
						of their admission and after an average follow-up of five years.
						Participants were aged &#8805;18 years and were regularly monitored at the Center
						up to 6 months before data collection. We assessed demographic variables,
						BP, body mass index, risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>We studied 1,298 individuals, predominantly women (60.9%), and with mean age
						of 56.7&#177;13.1 years. Over time, there was a significant increase in physical
						inactivity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excessive
						weight. As for cardiovascular outcomes, we observed an increase in stroke
						and myocardial revascularization, and a lower frequency of chronic renal
						failure. During follow-up, there was significant improvement in the rate of
						BP control (from 29.6% to 39.6%; p = 0.001) and 72 deaths, 91.7% of which
						were due to cardiovascular diseases.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Despite considerable improvements in the rate of BP control during follow-up,
						risk factors worsened and cardiovascular outcomes increased.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertension / complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Pressure / physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="8"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="33"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>High blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important modifiable causes of
				cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide, and
				an independent risk factor for CV diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
      <p>The increased prevalence of high BP, associated with the large number of undiagnosed
				and inadequately treated hypertensive individuals, promotes hypertension to a
				serious public health problem<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>The fact that hypertension is also the most frequent CV disease has contributed
				significantly to make it the third most important cause of disability worldwide and
				the leading risk factor for CV complications such as stroke, acute myocardial
				infarction (AMI), and terminal renal chronic disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>This fact explains 54% of the deaths from stroke and 47% of those due to ischemic
				heart disease, with little variation between genders<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. This reality shows that effective, safe
				and focused treatment goals are essential, leading to a better prognosis of
				hypertensive individuals by reducing CV events<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>.</p>
      <p>The efficacy of the services responsible for care of hypertensive patients, with
				identification of the strengths of their operations, may represent an important tool
				for management and planning.</p>
      <p>Considering this background, the present study aimed at evaluating the rate of BP
				control, and frequency of risk factors and CV outcomes in hypertensive patients
				undergoing treatment at the Reference Center for Hypertension and Diabetes
					(<italic>Centro de Refer&#234;ncia em Hipertens&#227;o e Diabetes</italic>, CRHD), located
				in a medium-sized city in the Midwest Region of Brazil.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>The research project number 128/11 was evaluated and approved by the Ethics Committee
				of the <italic>Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</italic> (UFG)
				and all participants signed an informed consent form.</p>
      <p>This was a quasi-experimental study including a representative sample of the
				population of hypertensive patients undergoing follow-up at the CRHD.</p>
      <p>The CRHD was created with the primary purpose of building a system to reorganize the
				services offered to carriers of these diseases. In its structure, the Center seeks
				to monitor continually, by a multidisciplinary team, the care through consultations,
				use of medication, control of risk factors and CV outcomes.</p>
      <p>The sample size was calculated assuming a significance level of 5%, at a confidence
				interval of 95%, with an absolute accuracy of 2.5% and an estimated frequency of
				concurrence of other risk factors associated with hypertension of 73.4<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>% (Lessa et al., 2004) with an estimated
				frequency of 25% of the patients with controlled BP, according to Burt et al., 1995.
				Based on these parameters, we obtained 1,298 individuals.</p>
      <p>From an initial database of 14,000 patients enrolled in the CRHD, we randomly
				selected the participants for the study.</p>
      <p>We included individuals of both genders (18 to 95 years), diagnosed with hypertension
				and undergoing regular treatment, registered at the CRHD between 2003 and 2012 until
				six months before starting data collection. Exclusion criteria included inability or
				refusal to sign the consent form, participation in other research protocols,
				presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), inability to locate the subject in two
				home visits, and incomplete initial consultation form.</p>
      <p>We analyzed data from medical records pertaining the admission to the Center, and
				then followed up the individuals with new data collection during home visits. The
				instruments used on the admission to the CRHD and during home visit contained
				information related to anthropometric parameters, personal data, BP measurements,
				sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, DM, dyslipidemia, stroke, AMI,
				chronic renal failure (CRF), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</p>
      <p>We considered individuals as smokers if they consumed at least one cigarette a
					day<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Alcohol intake was reported by the
				patient as present or not, without amount quantification. We defined as physically
				active those individuals who reported engaging in any physical activity at least 3
				times a week for at least 30 minutes each time.</p>
      <p>The investigation of the diet was simplified and the individuals were asked if they
				were in a low-sodium, low-calorie, low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet. The use of
				medication was assessed during home visits through medical prescription and/or
				visual confirmation of the medications.</p>
      <p>The presence of DM and dyslipidemia was determined by evaluating existing biochemical
				tests which confirmed the disorder, or use of specific medications. In the absence
				of both, we performed a rapid test of blood glucose with a glucometer (ACTIVE&#174;,
				model Accu-Chek), and a lipid profile with biochemical analysis performed in a
				laboratory of the public health system (SUS).</p>
      <p>Cardiovascular outcomes considered in the study were AMI, CABG, stroke, CRF and
				death. The investigation of these outcomes was performed based on report by the
				participant, a family member or a companion, by complementary tests, medical records
				or death certificate.</p>
      <p>We calculated the body mass index (BMI) using the Quetelet index<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. The weight was measured with the participant without shoes,
				using a calibrated electronic scale (Toledo&#174;), with an accuracy of 100 g. The height
				was measured with an inextensible tape measure 150 inches long, set 50 inches above
				the ground.</p>
      <p>The BP measurement on admission was performed with a calibrated aneroid
				sphygmomanometer (Preminum&#174;). During home visits, the BP was measured with a
				digital, calibrated and validated automated sphygmomanometer (OMRON 710 CP). We
				performed two measurements with 1&#160;minute interval between each and considered for
				analysis the average between them. Both measurements were performed according to the
				VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension (2010).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
        <p>The statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS v.20.0&#174;. To verify
					the normality of the data distribution we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For
					correlation between variables, we calculated the correlation coefficient of
					Pearson or Spearman. To compare means between related groups, we used the
					Wilcoxon test, Student&#8217;s <italic>t</italic> test or ANOVA and the McNemar&#8217;s test
					to compare categorical variables at different moments. To compare proportions,
					we used the chi-square test (&#967;<sup>2</sup>). For all tests, we considered a
					significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>The initial sample (admission phase) consisted of 1,299 participants. Of these, 123
				were not found for the 2nd phase in two contact attempts and/or refused to
				participate in the study and were replaced by other participants of the initial
				database. The final sample (home visit) consisted of 1,227 individuals, with 72
				deaths recorded.</p>
      <p>The mean age was 56.7&#177;13.1 years (minimum of 18 years and maximum of 95 years), 60.9%
				were females and 45.3% were in the age range above 60 years.</p>
      <p>The frequency of elderly individuals at the admission to the CRHD was 45.3%
				(n&#160;=&#160;588), of which 63.0% (n&#160;=&#160;320) were males.</p>
      <p>Regarding risk factors for CV disease, besides hypertension, we observed at the
				beginning of the study that 59.4% (n&#160;=&#160;772) were sedentary, 21.2% (n&#160;=&#160;275) were
				smokers, 1.3% (n&#160;=&#160;17) consumed alcohol, 25.3% (n&#160;=&#160;329) were diabetics, 1.5%
				(n&#160;=&#160;20) reported dyslipidemia and 66.8% (n&#160;=&#160;858) were overweight.</p>
      <p>In the beginning of the study, 9.9% (n&#160;=&#160;128) of the cohort reported a history of
				stroke, the same number of participants reported AMI, 12.7% (n&#160;=&#160;165) reported CRF
				and 1.1% (n&#160;=&#160;14) reported CABG.</p>
      <p>The risk factors for CV diseases were also observed equally between men and women,
				except for excess weight, which was significantly higher among women. As for initial
				CV outcomes, we observed among men significantly higher frequencies of stroke and
				CRF.</p>
      <p>Analysis of the risk factors and CV outcomes relative to the age range (&lt;&#160;60 years
				and &gt;&#160;60 years) showed no significant differences.</p>
      <p>Upon admission, 914 patients (70.4%) had a BP outside the control targets. Among
				diabetics, it was also elevated the number of individuals (n&#160;=&#160;295) without adequate
				BP control, corresponding to 89.7% of those.</p>
      <p>Of 1,299 participants initially analyzed, 1,227 were reevaluated at home visits. The
				mean follow-up was 4.5&#160;&#177;&#160;2.2&#160;years (median 5 years), with a maximum of 9 years and a
				minimum of 1 year.</p>
      <p>Over time, there was a significant increase in the presence of CV risk factors among
				the participants, with the exception of smoking for which there were no changes
					(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t01">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors at baseline and at follow-up
						(Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <th align="left">&#160;</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="left">Admission (n = 1,299)</th>
              <th colspan="3" align="center">Follow-up (n =1,227)</th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN01">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Sedentarism</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">772</td>
              <td align="center">59.4</td>
              <td align="center">936</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">76.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">527</td>
              <td align="center">40.6</td>
              <td align="center">291</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">23.7</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Smoking</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">275</td>
              <td align="center">21.2</td>
              <td align="center">268</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">21.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.73</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,024</td>
              <td align="center">78.8</td>
              <td align="center">959</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">78.2</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Alcoholism</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">17</td>
              <td align="center">1.3</td>
              <td align="center">157</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">12.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,282</td>
              <td align="center">98.7</td>
              <td align="center">1,070</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">87.2</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">329</td>
              <td align="center">25.3</td>
              <td align="center">415</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">31.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">970</td>
              <td align="center">74.7</td>
              <td align="center">812</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">66.2</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Dyslipidemias</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">20</td>
              <td align="center">1.5</td>
              <td align="center">367</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">29.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,279</td>
              <td align="center">98.5</td>
              <td align="center">860</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">70.1</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="7" align="left">Excessive weight</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">858</td>
              <td align="center">66.1</td>
              <td align="center">875</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">71.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">427</td>
              <td align="center">32.9</td>
              <td align="center">352</td>
              <td colspan="2" align="center">28.7</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>McNemar's test</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>As for CV outcomes, we observed during the home visit a significantly higher
				frequency of stroke and CABG, and a lower frequency of CRF (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Distribution of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes at admission and at
						follow-up (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <th align="left">&#160;</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center">Admission (n = 1,299)</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center">Follow-up (n =1,227)</th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">Variables</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN02">*</xref>
							</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="6" align="left">Stroke</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">128</td>
              <td align="center">9.9</td>
              <td align="center">152</td>
              <td align="center">12.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.003</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,171</td>
              <td align="center">90.1</td>
              <td align="center">1,075</td>
              <td align="center">87.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="6" align="left">AMI</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">128</td>
              <td align="center">9.9</td>
              <td align="center">129</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.372</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,171</td>
              <td align="center">90.1</td>
              <td align="center">1,098</td>
              <td align="center">89.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="6" align="left">CRF</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">165</td>
              <td align="center">12.7</td>
              <td align="center">129</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,134</td>
              <td align="center">87.3</td>
              <td align="center">1,098</td>
              <td align="center">89.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="6" align="left">CABG</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
              <td align="center">1.1</td>
              <td align="center">79</td>
              <td align="center">6.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">1,285</td>
              <td align="center">98.9</td>
              <td align="center">1,148</td>
              <td align="center">93.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN02">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>McNemar test</p>
            <p>AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; CRF: Chronic renal failure; CABG:
							Coronary artery bypass grafting.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In both phases of the study, there was a predominance of hypertensive and overweight
				individuals from both genders, which showed significant increase during follow-up
					(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t03">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Changes In body mass Index (BMI) at admission and at follow-up according
						to gender (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <th align="left">BMI</th>
              <th align="center">Admission</th>
              <th align="center">Follow-up</th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">(n = 1,299)</th>
              <th align="center">(n = 1,227)</th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <td align="left">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>Mean &#177; SD</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>Mean &#177; SD</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN03">*</xref>
								</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">27.2 &#177; <bold>5.1</bold>
							</td>
              <td align="center">27.6 &#177; <bold>5.2</bold>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">28.9 &#177; <bold>6.6</bold>
							</td>
              <td align="center">29.3 &#177; <bold>6.6</bold>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN03">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>Wilcoxon sign test SD: Standard deviation.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>From admission to home visits, there was a significantly greater percentage of
				patients with controlled BP (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Table 4</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t04">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Progression of the rate of blood pressure (BP) control at baseline and at
						follow-up (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
              <th align="left">&#160;</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center">Admission</th>
              <th colspan="2" align="center">Follow-up</th>
              <th colspan="3" align="center">&#160;</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">n</th>
              <th align="center">%</th>
              <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN04">*</xref>
							</th>
              <th align="center">RR</th>
              <th align="center">CI</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Uncontrolled BP</td>
              <td align="center">914</td>
              <td align="center">70.4</td>
              <td align="center">741</td>
              <td align="center">60.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.00</td>
              <td align="center">1.2</td>
              <td align="center">1.1-1.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Controlled BP</td>
              <td align="center">385</td>
              <td align="center">29.6</td>
              <td align="center">486</td>
              <td align="center">39.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total</td>
              <td align="center">1,299</td>
              <td align="center">100.0</td>
              <td align="center">1,227</td>
              <td align="center">100.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN04">
            <label>(*)</label>
            <p>McNemar&#8217;s test</p>
            <p>CI: confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Of the deaths that occurred during follow-up, 87.5% (n&#160;=&#160;63) were due to CV diseases.
				There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of deaths
				according to the age range (&lt;&#160;60 years and&#160;&gt; 60 years).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>In the study cohort, there was a predominance of women (p&lt;0.01), which was
				probably related, among other reasons, to an inability of men to attend appointments
				during the available hours of operation of the health services. Similar results were
				also shown by Nascente et al, 2010<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> and
				during the last phase of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
				(NHANES VI)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
      <p>The present study showed a large number of overweight participants, which were most
				frequently women. Similar results were also observed in Goi&#226;nia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, Cuiab&#225;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, Nobres<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>, and S&#227;o Luiz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. This fact shows the importance of excessive weight as a risk factor
				and additional obstacle for improved hypertension control.</p>
      <p>The investigation showed an increased rate of sedentary lifestyle (p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.01)
				during follow-up, which affected 76.3% of the participants. This result is similar
				to that reported by Duncan et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> who found
				only 30% of the subjects practicing regular physical activity. This is another
				factor which prevents a more effective implementation, since evidence indicates that
				a regular routine of exercise lowers BP and reduces CV mortality by 30%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>.</p>
      <p>The possibility of association between hypertension and DM is 50%, which not
				infrequently requires management of both diseases in the same individual. This is
				compounded by the fact that this association enhances microvascular and
				macrovascular damages arising from both diseases, causing high cardiovascular and
				cerebrovascular morbidity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Effective
				treatment for these patients with high CV risk is crucial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. This study also showed higher presence of DM during
				follow-up (p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.01) which can also be a limiting factor for better control of
				hypertension and CV outcomes.</p>
      <p>The complications associated with higher frequency of hypertension and/or DM were
				stroke and AMI. Similar results were observed by Moreira and Santos in Fortaleza in
					2012<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>.</p>
      <p>Regarding stroke, which is closely related to BP values, it has been occurring at an
				increasingly earlier age in Brazil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. A study
				in a northeastern region of the country in 2012 also demonstrated that this
				complication was the most frequent in 6.2% of the hypertensive patients registered
				in the records analyzed<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. Brescacin et
					al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>, in a study published in 2010,
				showed that long-standing hypertension is one of the main reasons for a reduction in
				life expectancy in subjects with stroke. The present study showed that such
				complication was more frequent among hypertensive individuals, both at admission and
				during follow-up, even in those with better BP control. The explanation may be the
				low effectiveness of BP control achieved by the program, and eventually by a greater
				association with other comorbidities, such as the increased presence of excessive
				weight and even, age progression.</p>
      <p>Coronary heart disease, including AMI, is one of the most common CV outcomes of
					hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. In this study, AMI was the second most
				frequent complication (10.5%) , similar to that observed in another study, but with
				an incidence of 4.4%. Among these, half were hypertensive, whereas the other half
				had hypertension and DM, confirming the significant association with such
					complication<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
      <p>The INTERHEART study, which was a multicentric international study planned to
				systematically assess the importance of risk factors for coronary heart disease in
				the world, has confirmed that the traditional risk factors explained more than 90%
				of the risk attributable to AMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. The study
					AFIRMAR<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>, performed in 104 hospitals in
				51 Brazilian cities, presented virtually identical findings.</p>
      <p>Hypertension is closely related to CRF, and may be the cause or the consequence of
				the renal disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. A study conducted in the
				northeast area of Brazil showed 4.4% of CRF, in which half of these subjects were
				hypertensive and the other half had association of hypertension and DM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. In the present study, surprisingly, we
				observed a significant decrease in the percentage of individuals with CRF, from
				12.7% to 10.5%. The fact that the collection of this variable has been recounted by
				the patient at the stage of admission in detriment of biomedical criteria for
				diagnosis of the disease was a major limitation of the study and may explain this
				result.</p>
      <p>A significant increase in risk factors and CV complications evidenced in this
				investigation over five years may be explained by the aging of the population
				itself, since age is a major risk factor for hypertension and consequently, for
				their CV outcomes. However, one must consider that the collection of retrospective
				data (on the admission to the Center) may have represented a bias, which led to some
				of the results found<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>.</p>
      <p> The results obtained are far from ideal , since only 39.6% of the patients obtained
				BP control in the final evaluation and, as incredible as it may seem, this
				percentage is among the best reported in the literature<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>.</p>
      <p>Similar results were observed in the American study NHANES (2003 -2004), which showed
				BP controlled in 36.8%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
      <p>Similarly in Brazil, among hypertensive patients registered in the program HIPERDIA
				in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, the control of hypertension reached
					33.7%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>.</p>
      <p>Also in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, a recent investigation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> found that only 10.4% of the individuals undergoing
				antihypertensive treatment had adequately controlled BP levels, whereas the CARMELA
					study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> showed a rate of BP control of
				24%.</p>
      <p>If we take into account the philosophy and the objectives for which the CRHD medical
				unit was created, an alert message should be recorded with the results found.
				Clearly, there have been significant advances in the structure and form of care, but
				the results are still not ideal.</p>
      <p>There is a clear need for a critical reassessment of these projects, but it is
				fundamental to reorganize all primary care. This should be based on a better working
				relationship with valorization of health professionals (creation of a formal career
				in health care), in the restructuring of multidisciplinary teams with defined
				responsibilities, and reorganization of the service itself, with decentralized
				installations, operation on alternative schedules, valorization of health promotion,
				and home visits.</p>
      <p>Within this line of reasoning, special attention should be paid to care regarding
				medication adherence to changes in lifestyle habits, with the implementation of
				continuing education in real hopes of lowering cardiovascular outcomes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>.</p>
      <p>This study has the limitations of studies that use in part retrospectively collected
				data. An important example is the possibility of an underestimation of metabolic
				changes that were mentioned in the first assessment and which were information
				effectively obtained from measurements at follow-up visits, which can simulate
				falsely higher values in the second stage. Despite these limitations, the sample
				size, and the fact that the final data collection was conducted during home visits,
				this study offers security for those who consider the provided information
				sufficiently consistent, to indicate paths in search of an improvement in the
				primary care population in one of the areas of greatest need and importance.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>The results of this study show that, despite the improvement in the rates of BP
				control, there was a significant increase in risk factors and CV outcomes in the
				participants undergoing intervention by the CRHD compared with their stage of
				admission to the unit. It is noteworthy, therefore, the importance of evaluating
				mechanisms from the earliest stages, so that over time there is an adequate
				assessment of the developments of the quality of care.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Gilberto Campos
					Guimar&#227;es, from Liga de Hipertens&#227;o da Universidade Federal de Goi&#226;nia (UFG -
					Goi&#225;s).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o da Press&#227;o Arterial e Desfechos Cardiovasculares de
					Hipertensos em um Centro de Refer&#234;ncia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Gilberto Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago de Souza Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Sebba Barroso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar Brand&#227;o Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff02">
          <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o da Faculdade de
						Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, GO -
						Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Gilberto Campos Guimaraes Filho</bold>, Rua Villa 05,
					Lote 83, Qd 07 Condom&#237;nio Miafiori, Bairro Residencial Miafiori. CEP 75900-000,
					Rio Verde, GO - Brasil E-mail: <email>camposguimaraes@yahoo.com.br</email>;
						<email>gilbertofilho@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim PCBV.
						Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim PCBV. An&#225;lise e
						interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim PCBV. An&#225;lise
						estat&#237;stica: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento:
						Guimar&#227;es Filho GC. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL,
						Jardim PCBV. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual
						importante: Guimar&#227;es Filho GC, Sousa ANL, Jardim TSV, Souza WSB, Jardim
						PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial &#233; um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica devido &#224; sua elevada
						preval&#234;ncia, baixa taxa de controle e complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar o controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) e desfechos cardiovasculares em
						pacientes atendidos no Centro de Refer&#234;ncia em Hipertens&#227;o e Diabetes,
						localizado em uma cidade de m&#233;dio porte da Regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste do
						Brasil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de base populacional, que comparou pacientes matriculados no servi&#231;o
						no momento de sua admiss&#227;o e ap&#243;s seguimento por per&#237;odo m&#233;dio de 5 anos.
						Participantes &#8805;18 anos, em acompanhamento regular no Centro, at&#233; 6 meses
						antes da coleta dos dados. Foram avaliadas vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas, PA,
						&#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea, fatores de risco e desfechos cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Estudamos 1.298 indiv&#237;duos, com predom&#237;nio do sexo feminino (60,9%) e m&#233;dia
						de idade de 56,7 &#177; 13,1 anos. Ao longo do tempo, houve aumento significativo
						de sedentarismo, etilismo, diabetes, dislipidemia e excesso de peso. Com
						rela&#231;&#227;o aos desfechos cardiovasculares, observamos aumento de acidente
						vascular encef&#225;lico e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio e menor frequ&#234;ncia de
						insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica. Durante o seguimento, houve melhora
						significativa da taxa de controle da PA (de 29,6% para 39,6%; p = 0,001) e
						ocorr&#234;ncia de 72 &#243;bitos, sendo 91,7% por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Apesar da consider&#225;vel melhora da taxa de controle press&#243;rico no per&#237;odo de
						seguimento, houve piora dos fatores de risco e n&#250;mero elevado de desfechos
						cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o / complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial / fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Morbimortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial (HAS) &#233; uma das mais importantes causas modific&#225;veis de
					morbimortalidade cardiovascular (CV) na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta mundial, al&#233;m de ser
					fator de risco independente para doen&#231;as CVs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>Sua elevada preval&#234;ncia, associada &#224; grande parcela de indiv&#237;duos hipertensos n&#227;o
					diagnosticados e n&#227;o tratados adequadamente, a coloca como um grave problema de
					sa&#250;de p&#250;blica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>O fato da HAS tamb&#233;m ser a mais frequente das doen&#231;as CVs contribuiu de forma
					significativa para torn&#225;-la a terceira causa mais importante de incapacidade no
					mundo e o principal fator de risco para complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares como
					acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE) e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM), al&#233;m de
					doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica terminal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
        <p>Tal fato explica 54% das mortes por acidente vascular encef&#225;lico e 47% daquelas
					por doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o, com pequena varia&#231;&#227;o entre os sexos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. Esta realidade mostra que o tratamento
					eficaz, seguro e focado em metas &#233; imprescind&#237;vel, levando a uma melhora do
					progn&#243;stico dos hipertensos atrav&#233;s da redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>.</p>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da eficic&#225;cia dos servi&#231;os encarregados dos cuidados com os
					hipertensos, com a identifica&#231;&#227;o de pontos fortes na atua&#231;&#227;o, pode representar
					importante ferramenta de gest&#227;o e planejamento.</p>
        <p>Levando em conta este fundamento, o presente estudo teve por objetivos avaliar a
					taxa de controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA), e frequ&#234;ncia de fatores de risco e de
					desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes hipertensos sob tratamento no Centro de
					Refer&#234;ncia em Hipertens&#227;o e Diabetes (CRHD), localizado em uma cidade de m&#233;dio
					porte da Regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste do Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Metodo</title>
        <p>O projeto de pesquisa n&#250;mero 128/11 foi avaliado e aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica
					em Pesquisa do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (UFG) e
					todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e
					Esclarecido.</p>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, com amostra representativa dos
					hipertensos em acompanhamento no CRHD.</p>
        <p>O CRHD foi criado com a finalidade primordial de construir um sistema que
					reorganizasse os servi&#231;os aos portadores destes agravos. Em sua estrutura&#231;&#227;o,
					busca monitorar continuamente por uma equipe multiprofissional o atendimento
					mediante consultas, uso de medica&#231;&#227;o, controle dos fatores de risco e desfechos
					cardiovasculares.</p>
        <p>A amostra foi calculada considerando um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%, em um
					intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%, com uma precis&#227;o absoluta de 2,5% e uma
					frequ&#234;ncia estimada de simultaneidade de outros fatores de risco associados com
					a HAS de 73,4%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, com uma frequ&#234;ncia
					estimada de 25% de pacientes com a press&#227;o sob controle. Com base nestes
					par&#226;metros, obtivemos 1.298 indiv&#237;duos.</p>
        <p>A partir de um banco de dados inicial de 14 mil pacientes cadastrados no CRHD,
					selecionamos aleatoriamente os participantes para o estudo.</p>
        <p>Inclu&#237;mos indiv&#237;duos de ambos os sexos (entre 18 e 95 anos), portadores de HAS e
					em tratamento regular, cadastrados no CRHD entre os anos de 2003 a 2012 at&#233;
					6&#160;meses antes do in&#237;cio da coleta dos dados. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o
					contemplaram impossibilidade ou nega&#231;&#227;o para assinar o termo de consentimento,
					participa&#231;&#227;o em outros protocolos de pesquisa, portadores de diabetes mellitus
					(DM) tipo 1, n&#227;o localiza&#231;&#227;o do sujeito em duas visitas domiciliares e ficha da
					consulta inicial incompleta.</p>
        <p>Analisamos os dados dos prontu&#225;rios referentes &#224; admiss&#227;o na unidade e realizamos
					posteriormente o seguimento com nova coleta de dados em visita domiciliar. Os
					instrumentos utilizados na admiss&#227;o ao CRHD e na visita domiciliar continham
					informa&#231;&#245;es referentes aos par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos, dados pessoais, medidas
					da PA, sedentarismo, tabagismo, etilismo, DM, dislipidemia, AVE, IAM,
					insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica (IRC) e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (RM).</p>
        <p>Consideramos tabagistas os indiv&#237;duos com consumo de pelo menos um cigarro por
						dia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. A ingest&#227;o de bebidas
					alco&#243;licas foi referida pelo pr&#243;prio paciente como presente ou n&#227;o, sem
					quantifica&#231;&#227;o do consumo. Definimos como ativo fisicamente aquele que informou a
					pr&#225;tica de qualquer atividade f&#237;sica no m&#237;nimo 3 vezes por semana por pelo menos
					30 minutos cada vez.</p>
        <p>A investiga&#231;&#227;o sobre a dieta foi feita de maneira simplificada, sendo questionado
					se a mesma era hiposs&#243;dica, hipocal&#243;rica, hipoglic&#237;dica ou hipolip&#237;dica. O uso
					das medica&#231;&#245;es foi verificado durante a visita domiciliar atrav&#233;s de receita
					m&#233;dica e/ou visualiza&#231;&#227;o dos pr&#243;prios medicamentos.</p>
        <p>A presen&#231;a de DM e dislipidemia foi determinada pela avalia&#231;&#227;o dos exames
					bioqu&#237;micos existentes que comprovassem a altera&#231;&#227;o, ou uso de medica&#231;&#245;es
					espec&#237;ficas. Na aus&#234;ncia de ambos, realizamos o teste r&#225;pido de glicemia capilar
					com o glicos&#237;metro da marca Active&#174;, modelo Accu-Chek, e o perfil lip&#237;dico
					atrav&#233;s de exame bioqu&#237;mico realizado no laborat&#243;rio do SUS.</p>
        <p>Os desfechos cardiovasculares considerados foram IAM, RM, AVE, IRC e &#243;bito. A
					investiga&#231;&#227;o destes desfechos foi feita atrav&#233;s de relato do participante, de
					familiar ou acompanhante, da exist&#234;ncia de exames complementares, relat&#243;rios
					m&#233;dicos ou de atestado de &#243;bito.</p>
        <p>Calculamos o &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea (IMC) atrav&#233;s da f&#243;rmula de Quetelet<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. O peso foi verificado com o participante
					sem cal&#231;ados, com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de balan&#231;a eletr&#244;nica calibrada da marca Toledo&#174;,
					com precis&#227;o de 100 g. A altura foi medida com uma fita m&#233;trica inextens&#237;vel de
					150 cent&#237;metros de comprimento fixada a 50 cent&#237;metros do ch&#227;o.</p>
        <p>A medida da PA no momento da admiss&#227;o foi realizada com esfigmoman&#244;metro
					aneroide, calibrado, da marca Preminum&#174;. Na visita domiciliar, a PA foi aferida
					com esfigmoman&#244;metro autom&#225;tico digital, calibrado e validado, da marca OMRON
					710 CP. Foram realizadas duas medidas com intervalo de 1 minuto entre elas,
					sendo considerada a m&#233;dia entre elas. Ambas as medidas foram realizadas de
					acordo com as VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o (2010).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada com aux&#237;lio do software SPSS v.20.0&#174;.
						Para verificar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados, utilizamos o teste
						de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para correla&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis, calculamos o
						coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o de Pearson ou Spearman. Para compara&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dias
						entre grupos relacionados, utilizamos o teste de Wilcoxon, teste
							<italic>t</italic> de Student ou ANOVA e o teste de McNemar para
						compara&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas nos diferentes momentos. Para
						compara&#231;&#227;o de propor&#231;&#245;es, utilizamos o teste do qui quadrado
						(&#967;<sup>2</sup>). Para todos os testes, consideramos o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia
						de 5% e o intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>A amostra inicial (fase de admiss&#227;o) foi composta por 1.299 participantes.
					Destes, 123 n&#227;o foram encontrados para a 2&#170; fase em duas tentativas de contato
					e/ou se negaram a participar do estudo e foram substitu&#237;dos por outros
					participantes do banco de dados inicial. A amostra final (visita domiciliar) foi
					composta por 1.227 indiv&#237;duos, tendo sido constatados 72 &#243;bitos.</p>
        <p>A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 56,7&#160;&#177;&#160;13,1 anos (m&#237;nima de 18&#160;anos e m&#225;xima de 95 anos),
					60,9% eram do sexo feminino e 45,3% estavam na faixa et&#225;ria acima dos 60
					anos.</p>
        <p>A frequ&#234;ncia observada de idosos no momento da admiss&#227;o ao CRHD foi de 45,3%
					(n&#160;=&#160;588), sendo que 63,0% (n&#160;=&#160;320) eram do sexo masculino.</p>
        <p>Quanto aos fatores de risco para doen&#231;as CVs, al&#233;m da HAS, observamos no momento
					inicial do estudo que 59,4% (n&#160;=&#160;772) eram sedent&#225;rios, 21,2% (n&#160;=&#160;275)
					tabagistas, 1,3% (n&#160;=&#160;17) etilistas, 25,3% (n&#160;=&#160;329) diab&#233;ticos, 1,5% (n&#160;=&#160;20)
					relataram dislipidemias e 66,8% (n&#160;=&#160;858) encontravam-se com excesso de
					peso.</p>
        <p>No momento inicial do estudo, 9,9% (n&#160;=&#160;128) da popula&#231;&#227;o relatou antecedente de
					AVE, o mesmo n&#250;mero de participantes referiu IAM, 12,7% (n&#160;=&#160;165) relatou IRC e
					1,1% (n&#160;=&#160;14) RM.</p>
        <p>Os fatores de risco para doen&#231;as CVs foram igualmente observados entre homens e
					mulheres, exceto para o excesso de peso que foi significativamente maior entre
					as mulheres. Com rela&#231;&#227;o aos desfechos CVs iniciais, foram observadas
					frequ&#234;ncias significativamente maiores entre homens em rela&#231;&#227;o a AVE e IRC.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise dos fatores de risco e desfechos CVs em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s faixas et&#225;rias
					(&lt;&#160;60 anos e &gt;&#160;60 anos) n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;as significativas.</p>
        <p>No momento da admiss&#227;o, 914 pacientes (70,4%) estavam com a PA fora das metas de
					controle. Entre os diab&#233;ticos, foi tamb&#233;m elevado o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos
					(n&#160;=&#160;295) sem controle adequado da PA, correspondendo a 89,7% do total neste
					grupo.</p>
        <p>Dos 1.299 participantes inicialmente analisados, foram reavaliados 1.227 atrav&#233;s
					de visitas domiciliares. O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 4,5&#160;&#177;&#160;2,2 anos
					(mediana de 5&#160;anos), com um tempo m&#225;ximo de 9 anos e m&#237;nimo de 1 ano.</p>
        <p>Ao longo do tempo, houve aumento significativo da presen&#231;a de fatores de risco
					CVs entre os participantes, com exce&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo para o qual n&#227;o houve
					mudan&#231;as (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t05">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Presen&#231;a de fatores de risco cardiovascular (CV) na admiss&#227;o e no
							seguimento (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Admiss&#227;o (n = 1.299)</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Seguimento (n = 1.227)</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN05">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Sedentarismo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">772</td>
                <td align="center">59,4</td>
                <td align="center">936</td>
                <td align="center">76,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">527</td>
                <td align="center">40,6</td>
                <td align="center">291</td>
                <td align="center">23,7</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Tabagismo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">275</td>
                <td align="center">21,2</td>
                <td align="center">268</td>
                <td align="center">21,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,73</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.024</td>
                <td align="center">78,8</td>
                <td align="center">959</td>
                <td align="center">78,2</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Etilismo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">1,3</td>
                <td align="center">157</td>
                <td align="center">12,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.282</td>
                <td align="center">98,7</td>
                <td align="center">1.070</td>
                <td align="center">87,2</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">329</td>
                <td align="center">25,3</td>
                <td align="center">415</td>
                <td align="center">31,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">970</td>
                <td align="center">74,7</td>
                <td align="center">812</td>
                <td align="center">66,2</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Dislipidemias</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">20</td>
                <td align="center">1,5</td>
                <td align="center">367</td>
                <td align="center">29,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.279</td>
                <td align="center">98,5</td>
                <td align="center">860</td>
                <td align="center">70,1</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">Excesso de peso</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">858</td>
                <td align="center">66,1</td>
                <td align="center">875</td>
                <td align="center">71,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">427</td>
                <td align="center">32,9</td>
                <td align="center">352</td>
                <td align="center">28,7</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN05">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Teste de McNemar.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o aos desfechos CVs, observamos na visita domiciliar uma frequ&#234;ncia
					significativamente maior de AVE e RM e menor de IRC (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t06">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos cardiovasculares (CVs) na admiss&#227;o e no
							seguimento (Rio Verde &#8211; GO, 2012)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Admiss&#227;o (n = 1.299)</th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center">Seguimento (n = 1.227)</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN06">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">AVE</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">128</td>
                <td align="center">9,9</td>
                <td align="center">152</td>
                <td align="center">12,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.171</td>
                <td align="center">90,1</td>
                <td align="center">1.075</td>
                <td align="center">87,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">IAM</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">128</td>
                <td align="center">9,9</td>
                <td align="center">129</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,372</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.171</td>
                <td align="center">90,1</td>
                <td align="center">1.098</td>
                <td align="center">89,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">IRC</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">165</td>
                <td align="center">12,7</td>
                <td align="center">129</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.134</td>
                <td align="center">87,3</td>
                <td align="center">1.098</td>
                <td align="center">89,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">RM</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">1,1</td>
                <td align="center">79</td>
                <td align="center">6,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1.285</td>
                <td align="center">98,9</td>
                <td align="center">1.148</td>
                <td align="center">93,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN06">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>TesteMcNemar.</p>
              <p>AVE: Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico; IAM: Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio;
								IRC: Insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica; RM: Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o
								mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Nas duas fases do estudo, houve predom&#237;nio de hipertensos com excesso de peso em
					ambos os sexos, com eleva&#231;&#227;o significativa na fase de seguimento (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t07">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) na admiss&#227;o e no
							seguimento de acordo com o sexo (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>IMC</th>
                <th align="center">Admiss&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center">Seguimento</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">(n =1.299)</th>
                <th align="center">(n = 1.227)</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">M&#233;dia &#177; DP</th>
                <th align="center">M&#233;dia &#177; DP</th>
                <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN07">*</xref>
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">27,2 &#177; 5,<bold>1</bold>
								</td>
                <td align="center">27,6 &#177; 5,<bold>2</bold>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">28,9 &#177; <bold>6,6</bold>
								</td>
                <td align="center">29,3 &#177; <bold>6,6</bold>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN07">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Teste dos sinais de Wilcoxon. DP: Desvio-padr&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Entre a admiss&#227;o e a visita domiciliar, houve percentual significativamente maior
					de indiv&#237;duos com PA controlada (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Tabela
						4</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t08">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) na admiss&#227;o e
							no seguimento (Rio Verde - GO, 2012)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">Admiss&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">Seguimento</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-bottom-width:thin">
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">n</th>
                <th align="center">%</th>
                <th align="center">p<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN08">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="center">RR</th>
                <th align="center">IC</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>PA sem controle</td>
                <td align="center">914</td>
                <td align="center">70,4</td>
                <td align="center">741</td>
                <td align="center">60,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,00</td>
                <td align="center">1,2</td>
                <td align="center">1,1-1,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>PA controlada</td>
                <td align="center">385</td>
                <td align="center">29,6</td>
                <td align="center">486</td>
                <td align="center">39,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total</td>
                <td align="center">1.299</td>
                <td align="center">100,0</td>
                <td align="center">1.227</td>
                <td align="center">100,0</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN08">
              <label>(*)</label>
              <p>Teste McNemar</p>
              <p> IC: Intervalo de confian&#231;a; RR: Raz&#227;o de risco</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Dos &#243;bitos ocorridos durante o per&#237;odo de seguimento, 87,5% (n&#160;=&#160;63) foram
					causados por doen&#231;as CVs. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa na taxa
					de &#243;bitos de acordo com a faixa et&#225;ria (&lt;&#160;60 anos e &gt;&#160;60 anos).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Na amostra estudada, houve predom&#237;nio de mulheres (p&#160;&lt;&#160;0.01), o que foi
					provavelmente relacionado, entre outros motivos, &#224; impossibilidade de homens
					comparecerem a consultas nos hor&#225;rios de atendimento dispon&#237;veis nos servi&#231;os de
					sa&#250;de. Resultados semelhante foram mostrados tamb&#233;m por Nascente e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, e na &#250;ltima fase do National Health and
					Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES VI)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
        <p>O presente estudo mostrou um grande n&#250;mero de participantes com excesso de peso,
					com predom&#237;nio entre a mulheres. Resultados semelhantes foram observados tamb&#233;m
					em Goi&#226;nia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, Cuiab&#225;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, Nobres<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> e S&#227;o
						Luiz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. Este fato mostra a
					import&#226;ncia do excesso de peso como fator de risco e como obst&#225;culo adicional
					para melhor controle da HAS.</p>
        <p>A investiga&#231;&#227;o demonstrou aumento de participantes sedent&#225;rios (p&#160;&lt;&#160;0,01)
					durante o per&#237;odo de seguimento, com 76,3% nesta condi&#231;&#227;o. Este resultado &#233;
					semelhante ao observado por Duncan e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> que encontraram apenas 30% de sujeitos praticando atividade
					f&#237;sica regularmente. Este &#233; outro fator que dificulta uma atua&#231;&#227;o mais efetiva,
					j&#225; que evid&#234;ncias indicam que uma rotina regular de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico diminui a
					PA e reduz a mortalidade CV em 30%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>.</p>
        <p>A possibilidade de associa&#231;&#227;o de HAS e DM &#233; de 50%, o que n&#227;o raramente requer o
					manejo das duas doen&#231;as no mesmo indiv&#237;duo. Isto &#233; agravado pelo fato de que
					esta associa&#231;&#227;o potencializa o dano microvascular e macrovascular decorrente das
					duas doen&#231;as, acarretando alta morbidade cardiovascular e cerebrovascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. O tratamento efetivo para estes
					pacientes com alto risco CV &#233; crucial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.
					Neste estudo tamb&#233;m houve maior presen&#231;a de DM ao longo do seguimento
					(p&#160;&lt;&#160;0,01) o que pode tamb&#233;m ser fator limitante para um melhor controle da
					HAS e dos desfechos CVs.</p>
        <p>As complica&#231;&#245;es associadas com maior frequ&#234;ncia &#224; HAS e/ou ao DM foram o AVE e o
					IAM. Resultados semelhantes foram observados por Santos e Moreira em Fortaleza
					em 2012<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao AVE, que est&#225; muito relacionado aos valores da PA, este vem
					ocorrendo em idade cada vez mais precoce no Brasil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Um estudo realizado em uma regi&#227;o do nordeste em 2012
					tamb&#233;m demonstrou que tal complica&#231;&#227;o foi a mais frequente em 6,2% dos
					hipertensos cadastrados nas fichas analisadas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. Brescacin e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>, em
					estudo publicado em 2010, demostraram que a HAS de longa data &#233; uma das
					principais raz&#245;es para a redu&#231;&#227;o da expectativa de vida em sujeitos com AVE. O
					presente estudo mostrou que tal complica&#231;&#227;o foi a mais frequente entre os
					hipertensos, tanto no in&#237;cio quanto durante o seguimento, mesmo naqueles com
					melhor controle da PA. A explica&#231;&#227;o para este fato pode estar no controle pouco
					efetivo da HAS obtido pelo servi&#231;o, e eventualmente pela maior associa&#231;&#227;o a
					outras comorbidades, como a maior presen&#231;a de excesso de peso e, mesmo, pelo
					avan&#231;ar da idade.</p>
        <p>A doen&#231;a coronariana, incluindo o IAM, &#233; um dos desfechos CVs mais comuns da
						HAS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. O IAM neste estudo foi a segunda
					complica&#231;&#227;o mais frequente (10,5%), semelhante ao observado em outro estudo,
					por&#233;m com incid&#234;ncia de 4,4%. Entre estes, metade eram hipertensos e os demais
					tinham HAS e DM, sendo confirmada a associa&#231;&#227;o significativa em rela&#231;&#227;o a tal
						complica&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <p>O estudo INTERHEART, que foi uma pesquisa multic&#234;ntrica internacional delineada
					para avaliar sistematicamente a import&#226;ncia dos fatores de risco para
					coronariopatias no mundo, confirmou que os fatores de risco tradicionais
					explicaram mais de 90% do risco atribu&#237;vel para IAM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. O estudo AFIRMAR<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>, desenvolvido em 104&#160;hospitais de 51 cidades do Brasil,
					apresentou achados praticamente id&#234;nticos.</p>
        <p>A HAS est&#225; intimamente relacionada &#224; IRC e pode ser a causa ou consequ&#234;ncia da
					doen&#231;a renal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. Um estudo desenvolvido no
					nordeste brasileiro evidenciou 4,4% de IRC, sendo metade destes indiv&#237;duos
					hipertensos e a outra metade com HAS e DM associados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. No presente estudo, de maneira surpreendente,
					observamos diminui&#231;&#227;o significativa do percentual de indiv&#237;duos com IRC, de
					12,7% para 10,5%. O fato da coleta desta vari&#225;vel ter sido referida pelo pr&#243;prio
					paciente na fase de admiss&#227;o em detrimento de crit&#233;rios biom&#233;dicos para o
					diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a foi um grande limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo e que pode ser a
					explica&#231;&#227;o de tal resultado.</p>
        <p>A eleva&#231;&#227;o significativa dos fatores de risco e complica&#231;&#245;es CVs evidenciada
					nesta investiga&#231;&#227;o ao longo de 5 anos talvez possa ser explicada pelo pr&#243;prio
					envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, j&#225; que a idade constitui um dos principais
					fatores de risco para a HAS e consequentemente, para seus desfechos CVs.
					Entretanto, deve-se considerar que a coleta dos dados retrospectivos (per&#237;odo de
					admiss&#227;o no CRHD) pode ter representado um vi&#233;s, que originou parte dos n&#250;meros
						encontrados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>.</p>
        <p>Os resultados obtidos est&#227;o longe do ideal, pois s&#243; 39,6% dos pacientes obtiveram
					controle da sua PA na evolu&#231;&#227;o final e, por incr&#237;vel que possa parecer, o
					percentual verificado est&#225; situado entre os melhores descritos na
						literatura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>.</p>
        <p>Dados semelhantes foram observados no estudo americano NHANES (2003 -2004), que
					mostrou a PA controlada em 36,8%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
        <p>No Brasil, da mesma forma, entre os hipertensos cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA
					na cidade de Novo Hamburgo, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o controle da HAS
					atingiu 33,7%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>.</p>
        <p>Tamb&#233;m no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, uma recente investiga&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> constatou que apenas 10,4% dos
					indiv&#237;duos submetidos ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo encontravam-se com n&#237;veis
					press&#243;ricos adequadamente controlados, enquanto o estudo CARMELA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> mostrou uma taxa de 24% no controle da
					PA.</p>
        <p>Se levarmos em conta a filosofia e os objetivos para os quais a unidade m&#233;dica
					CRHD foi criada, fica registrada a mensagem de alerta diante dos &#237;ndices
					encontrados. Evidentemente que houve avan&#231;os significativos na estrutura e na
					forma de atendimento, entretanto os resultados deixam a desejar.</p>
        <p>Fica clara a necessidade de uma reavalia&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica destes projetos, mas para
					isto &#233; fundamental a reorganiza&#231;&#227;o de todo o cuidado prim&#225;rio. Esta deve ser
					fundamentada em uma melhor rela&#231;&#227;o de trabalho, com valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos
					profissionais da sa&#250;de (cria&#231;&#227;o de uma carreira formal na &#225;rea de sa&#250;de), na
					reestrutura&#231;&#227;o das equipes multiprofissionais, com compet&#234;ncias definidas, e na
					reestrutura&#231;&#227;o do pr&#243;prio atendimento, com instala&#231;&#245;es descentralizadas,
					funcionamento em hor&#225;rios alternativos, valoriza&#231;&#227;o da promo&#231;&#227;o da s&#225;ude e da
					visita domiciliar.</p>
        <p>Dentro desta linha de racioc&#237;nio, aten&#231;&#227;o especial deve ser dada aos cuidados com
					a ades&#227;o tanto medicamentosa quanto &#224;s mudan&#231;as do h&#225;bito de vida, com a
					implementa&#231;&#227;o de educa&#231;&#227;o continuada na busca real da diminui&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos
						cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>.</p>
        <p>Este trabalho apresenta as limita&#231;&#245;es pr&#243;prias dos estudos que usam parte dos
					dados colhidos retrospectivamente. Um exemplo importante &#233; a possibilidade de
					uma subestima&#231;&#227;o de altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas que foram referidas na primeira
					avalia&#231;&#227;o e que foram informa&#231;&#245;es efetivamente obtidas atrav&#233;s de medidas na
					visita de seguimento, podendo simular valores falsamente mais elevados no
					segundo momento. Apesar destas limita&#231;&#245;es, o tamanho da amostra e o fato da
					coleta final de dados ter sido realizada atrav&#233;s de visita domiciliar, oferece
					seguran&#231;a para que se considerem as informa&#231;&#245;es fornecidas suficientemente
					consistentes, para indicar caminhos em busca de uma melhoria no atendimento
					prim&#225;rio da popula&#231;&#227;o em uma das &#225;reas de maior car&#234;ncia e import&#226;ncia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Os resultados deste estudo mostram que apesar da melhora das taxas de controle
					press&#243;rico, houve uma eleva&#231;&#227;o significativa dos fatores do risco e desfechos
					CVs dos participantes submetidos a interven&#231;&#227;o pelo CRHD se comparados &#224; sua
					fase de admiss&#227;o na unidade. Ressalta-se, portanto, a import&#226;ncia de mecanismos
					de avalia&#231;&#227;o desde os momentos iniciais para que ao longo do tempo possa haver
					avalia&#231;&#227;o adequada da evolu&#231;&#227;o na qualidade do atendimento.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Gilberto Campos Guimar&#227;es
						pela Liga de Hipertens&#227;o da Universidade Federal de Goi&#226;nia (UFG -
						Goi&#225;s).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
