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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ntfrMMmDncDw8PND4DcstTR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2015000100002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150002</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Behavioral Cardiology: Cardiology&#8217;s New Frontier of Action</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Katz</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wajngarten</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Katz</bold>. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Bloco A1, 4&#186; andar, Coordena&#231;&#227;o do Programa de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail:   <email>mkatz@einstein.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2015</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>104</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>03</fpage>
      <lpage>04</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases / trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Medication Adherence</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Outcome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world, and particularly in Brazil, despite advances in their diagnosis and treatment<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. It is speculated that these adverse events are due in part to the lack of patients&#8217; adherence to medical (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) recommendations<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. In this regard, the evaluation of adherence and, eventually, the identification of the causes of failure in adherence are recommended to be part of the cardiovascular anamnesis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. In the study published by Oliveira-Filho et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> in the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> entitled "Improving Post&#8209;Discharge Medication Adherence in Patients with CVD: A Pilot Randomized Trial", the topic of adherence is approached in a randomized clinical study conducted by the authors. In this study, 61 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease were, upon discharge from the hospital, randomized to receive an intervention focused on education and information, including dosage simplification, and based on a 4-item adherence scale   <italic>versus</italic> standard treatment. The authors compared adherence outcomes at 1 and 12 months of follow up, as well as clinical outcomes (hospital readmission and death) in the follow-up period. The adherence rate was assessed with the 8-item therapeutic adherence scale by Morisky<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. At 1-month follow-up, the adherence rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (83.3% <italic>versus</italic> 48.4%). During long-term follow-up, the adherence rate declined to a statistically non-significant difference between groups, but remained around 61% in the intervention group. As for readmissions and deaths, there was no significant difference between groups, although the study was not designed primarily to analyze these outcomes. However, we emphasize that taking into consideration the adherent patients regardless of allocation group, the rate of clinical outcomes was lower when compared with non-adherent patients. In a recent study, Castellano et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> evaluated the polypill   <italic>versus</italic> standard treatment in patients after acute myocardial infarction and observed an improvement in adherence rate, but not in cardiovascular outcomes. Dosage simplification, which was common to both studies, appears to be effective and may be a trend.</p>
    <p>Methodologically well-planned and executed, the study by Oliveira-Filho et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> provides lessons applicable to clinical practice and to the way physicians and health professionals interact with their patients. Patient education and simplification of dosage must be part of the strategy to improve patients' adherence. In addition, the background of this study ultimately refers to behavior. In recent years, the term "behavioral cardiology" has been used to define a new frontier of action in cardiology and currently encompasses the relationship between mental and cardiovascular health, the influence of psychosocial factors on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and finally, behavioral aspects of the patients that determine higher or lower adherence to medical recommendations<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Several behavioral theories complement each other and seek to explore the different domains that govern the behavior of a patient before a risk factor or a disease. Similarly, there are several examples in the literature demonstrating that health interventions, at an individual or population level, have a higher chance of success when based on a combination of behavioral theories, with emphasis on the health belief model, the stages of change, social cognitive theory, self-efficacy and positive reinforcement<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. In all these theories, the issues of information and patient education are central.</p>
    <p>Specifically, according to the health belief model<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, the key domains that govern behavior are the perceived susceptibility to a certain risk or disease, the perceived severity of the disease, and the benefits of and barriers to a specific behavioral change. According to this theory, the first step for a patient to adhere to recommendations (whether practicing physical activity or taking a medication to prevent a cardiovascular outcome) is to notice him/herself at risk of developing the disease. The literature indicates that in this first step patients already underestimate their risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
    <p>In addition, the benefits of cardiovascular prevention occur in the long term, whereas the barriers to lifestyle changes are in the present. Physicians and health professionals should seek to calibrate the risk perception of the patient; in this regard, education and health information are fundamental. The patient who knows his/her disease and receives accurate information for handling the therapy tends to have greater adherence to treatment, as shown in the study by Oliveira-Filho et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. In addition, offering information to the patient improves engagement. The behavioral theories have proposed that patient and family involvement in the treatment plan is crucial to overcome barriers and achieve the best benefits.</p>
    <p>It is worth noting, however, that not all patients are ready to take responsibility for their treatment. The theory of stages of change<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>defines different stages of aptitude to change. Patients may be in the   <italic>pre-contemplative</italic> phase, i.e., not ready for change, and in some cases, even in denial of the disease or the inherent risks. In the <italic>contemplative</italic>phase, patients understand the risks and accept the need for change; in the   <italic>preparation</italic> phase, they plan effectively the action of change, discussing "how to execute the change"; in the <italic>action</italic> phase, they effectively initiate the changes; and in the <italic>maintenance</italic> phase, healthy attitudes become a sustainable habit. The role of the physician and other health professionals is fundamental to the advancement of the stages.</p>
    <p>One thing useful in effecting change is to work with the patients' self-efficacy, which is self-confidence about the ability to change. To set treatment goals with positive reinforcement after fulfillment of the goals works in most cases. As an example, to establish a target of twice a week for physical activity for a sedentary patient who does not practice physical activity. Even though this is not ideal, it is achievable. When the patient achieves this goal it improves his/her self-confidence, and the positive reinforcement from the health professional improves his/her self-esteem. The next step is to define as a target thrice-a-week activity, and so on.</p>
    <p>It is worth mentioning the importance of assessing the environment in which the patient is inserted when there is intention to promote a positive behavioral change. It is necessary to understand family, work and community cores as essentials when planning the change. A good example is the issue of obesity. Discussing diet in this context involves the evaluation of the family, what the patient eats at work, what types of food, and at what cost it is offered in the community in which he/she lives.</p>
    <p>We should stress that when it comes to behavior and adherence, more than a hundred factors have been identified as potential predictors of adherence, therefore one cannot expect a "one size fits all intervention"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. It is indeed fundamental to develop alternative methods to implement interventions that are effective and accessible. Additionally, it is necessary to apply technological resources as tools in the engagement and participation of the patients. Finally, in our understanding, the financing and dissemination of studies on adherence must be a priority.</p>
    <p>Therefore, in the field of behavioral theories applied to interventions in health, the study of Oliveira-Filho et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> brings a great contribution to current knowledge. We believe that this article will be of great usefulness to the readers of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>.</p>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiologia Comportamental: Uma Nova Fronteira de Atua&#231;&#227;o da Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Katz</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wajngarten</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcelo Katz</bold>. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Bloco A1, 4&#186; andar, Coordena&#231;&#227;o do Programa de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail:   <email>mkatz@einstein.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares / tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Ades&#227;o &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Resultado do Tratamento</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morbimortalidade ao redor do mundo, em especial no Brasil, apesar dos avan&#231;os no diagn&#243;stico e no tratamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Especula-se que parte desses eventos adversos esteja associada &#224; falta de ader&#234;ncia &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas (farmacol&#243;gicas e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas) por parte dos pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Nesse sentido, existe a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de que a avalia&#231;&#227;o da ader&#234;ncia e eventualmente a identifica&#231;&#227;o das causas de falha na ader&#234;ncia sejam parte da anamnese cardiovascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. No estudo publicado por Oliveira-Filho e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> nos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, intitulado &#8220;Otimiza&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica p&#243;s-alta hospitalar de pacientes com DCV: ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado &#8211; Estudo piloto&#8221;, o tema ader&#234;ncia &#233; abordado mediante um estudo cl&#237;nico randomizado conduzido pelos autores. Nesse estudo, 61 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a cardiovascular no momento da alta hospitalar foram randomizados para receber uma interven&#231;&#227;o centrada em educa&#231;&#227;o e informa&#231;&#227;o, incluindo simplifica&#231;&#227;o de posologia, utilizando como base uma escala de ader&#234;ncia de quatro itens <italic>versus</italic> tratamento padr&#227;o. Os autores compararam desfechos de ader&#234;ncia em um m&#234;s e doze meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do acompanhamento, al&#233;m de desfechos cl&#237;nicos (readmiss&#227;o hospitalar e &#243;bito) no per&#237;odo de acompanhamento. A taxa de ader&#234;ncia foi avaliada de acordo com a escala de ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica de oito itens de Morisky<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Em um m&#234;s de acompanhamento, a taxa de ader&#234;ncia foi significativamente maior no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o (83,3% <italic>versus</italic> 48,4%). Ao longo do acompanhamento a taxa de ader&#234;ncia decaiu entre os grupos, n&#227;o sendo poss&#237;vel encontrar diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa, permanecendo, entretanto, aproximadamente 61% no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o. Quanto &#224;s readmiss&#245;es e &#243;bitos, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre os grupos, embora o estudo n&#227;o tenha sido desenhado para esse objetivo primordialmente. Ressaltamos, contudo, que, considerando os aderentes, independentemente do grupo de aloca&#231;&#227;o, a taxa de desfechos cl&#237;nicos foi menor quando comparada aos pacientes n&#227;o aderentes. Em estudo recente, Castellano e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>avaliaram a polip&#237;lula <italic>versus</italic> tratamento padr&#227;o, em pacientes p&#243;s-infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, observando melhora na taxa de ader&#234;ncia, mas n&#227;o em desfechos cardiovasculares. Comum em ambos estudos, a simplifica&#231;&#227;o de posologia parece ser efetiva e deve ser uma tend&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>Metodologicamente bem planejado e executado, o estudo de Oliveira-Filho e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> traz ensinamentos para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e para a maneira pela qual m&#233;dicos e profissionais de sa&#250;de poderiam interagir com seus pacientes. Educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente e simplifica&#231;&#227;o da posologia devem ser parte da estrat&#233;gia de melhorar ader&#234;ncia dos pacientes. Al&#233;m disso, o pano de fundo desse estudo, em &#250;ltima an&#225;lise, remete a comportamento. Nos &#250;ltimos anos, a denomina&#231;&#227;o &#8220;Cardiologia comportamental&#8221; tem sido utilizada para definir uma nova fronteira de atua&#231;&#227;o da Cardiologia e atualmente engloba a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a sa&#250;de mental e cardiovascular, a influ&#234;ncia de fatores psicossociais sobre a incid&#234;ncia das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, e finalmente aspectos comportamentais dos pacientes, que determinam maior ou menor ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Diversas teorias comportamentais se completam e procuram explorar os diferentes dom&#237;nios que regem o comportamento de um paciente ante um fator de risco ou mesmo uma doen&#231;a. Da mesma forma, h&#225; in&#250;meros exemplos na literatura demonstrando que interven&#231;&#245;es em sa&#250;de, no &#226;mbito individual ou populacional, t&#234;m maior chance de &#234;xito quando baseadas na combina&#231;&#227;o de teorias comportamentais, com destaque para o modelo de cren&#231;a em sa&#250;de, os est&#225;gios de mudan&#231;a, a teoria cognitiva social, autoefic&#225;cia e refor&#231;o positivo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. Em todas essas teorias, a quest&#227;o de informa&#231;&#227;o e educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente &#233; central.</p>
      <p>Especificamente, de acordo com o modelo de cren&#231;as em sa&#250;de<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, os principais dom&#237;nios que regem comportamento s&#227;o a suscetibilidade percebida a determinado risco ou doen&#231;a, a percep&#231;&#227;o de gravidade da doen&#231;a, bem como dos benef&#237;cios e barreiras em rela&#231;&#227;o a determinada mudan&#231;a comportamental. De acordo com essa teoria, o primeiro passo para o paciente aderir &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es (quer seja praticando atividade f&#237;sica, ou tomando uma medica&#231;&#227;o para evitar um desfecho cardiovascular) &#233; se perceber em risco de desenvolver a doen&#231;a. E a literatura indica que j&#225; nesse primeiro passo os pacientes subestimam seu risco<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, os benef&#237;cios da preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular ocorrem em longo prazo, enquanto as barreiras para mudan&#231;a de estilo de vida se colocam no presente. Os m&#233;dicos e os profissionais da sa&#250;de devem procurar calibrar a percep&#231;&#227;o de risco dos pacientes e, nesse sentido, a educa&#231;&#227;o e a informa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de s&#227;o fundamentais. O paciente que conhece sua doen&#231;a e recebe informa&#231;&#227;o precisa sobre como manejar o tratamento tende a ter uma ader&#234;ncia maior ao tratamento, exatamente como demonstrado no estudo de Oliveira-Filho e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Somado a isso, informar o paciente ocasiona um maior engajamento. As teorias comportamentais t&#234;m proposto que o engajamento no plano de tratamento incluindo paciente e sua fam&#237;lia &#233; fundamental para superar barreiras e obter os melhores benef&#237;cios.</p>
      <p>Vale ressaltar, por&#233;m, que nem todos os pacientes est&#227;o prontos para assumir a responsabilidade por seu tratamento. A teoria de est&#225;gios de mudan&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> define diferentes est&#225;gios de aptid&#227;o para mudan&#231;a. Os pacientes podem estar na fase <italic>pr&#233;-contemplativa</italic>, ou seja, n&#227;o est&#227;o prontos para a mudan&#231;a e em alguns casos at&#233; negam a doen&#231;a ou os riscos inerentes; na fase <italic>contemplativa</italic>, os pacientes percebem os riscos e aceitam a necessidade de mudan&#231;as; na fase de <italic>prepara&#231;&#227;o</italic> os paciente planejam efetivamente a a&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;a, discutindo o &#8220;como executar a mudan&#231;a&#8221;; na fase de <italic>a&#231;&#227;o</italic>, efetivamente iniciam as mudan&#231;as; e na fase de   <italic>manuten&#231;&#227;o</italic>, as atitudes saud&#225;veis se tornam um h&#225;bito sustent&#225;vel. O papel do m&#233;dico e dos profissionais da sa&#250;de &#233; fundamental para o avan&#231;o nos est&#225;gios.</p>
      <p>Algo &#250;til para as mudan&#231;as &#233; trabalhar com a autoefic&#225;cia dos pacientes, ou seja, a autoconfian&#231;a quanto &#224; habilidade para mudar. Nesse sentido, definir metas intermedi&#225;rias de tratamento, com refor&#231;os positivos ap&#243;s o cumprimento das metas, funciona na maior parte dos casos. Como exemplo, em um paciente sedent&#225;rio, que n&#227;o realiza exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, estabelecer uma meta de atividade f&#237;sica duas vezes por semana; embora n&#227;o seja a ideal, &#233; tang&#237;vel. O fato de o paciente atingir essa meta melhora sua autoconfian&#231;a, e o refor&#231;o positivo do profissional de sa&#250;de melhora a autoestima. O passo seguinte &#233; definir, como meta, atividade tr&#234;s vezes por semana, e assim por diante.</p>
      <p>Vale ressaltar a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o do ambiente em que se insere o paciente quando se pretende promover uma mudan&#231;a comportamental positiva. &#201; preciso entender os n&#250;cleos familiar, de trabalho e comunit&#225;rio como essenciais para o planejamento da mudan&#231;a. Um bom exemplo &#233; a quest&#227;o da obesidade. Discutir dieta nesse contexto passa pela avalia&#231;&#227;o da fam&#237;lia, daquilo que o paciente come no trabalho, e que tipo de alimento, e a que custo, &#233; oferecido na comunidade em que ele se insere.</p>
      <p>Destacamos que em se tratando de comportamento e ader&#234;ncia, mais de cem fatores foram identificados como potenciais preditores de ades&#227;o, e portanto n&#227;o se pode esperar uma &#8220;interven&#231;&#227;o tamanho &#250;nico&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Nesse sentido, &#233; realmente fundamental desenvolver m&#233;todos alternativos de implementa&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#245;es, que sejam eficazes e acess&#237;veis. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; preciso utilizar recursos de tecnologia como instrumentos no engajamento e participa&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes. Por fim, entendemos que o financiamento e a divulga&#231;&#227;o de estudos sobre ader&#234;ncia devem ser uma prioridade.</p>
      <p>Assim, dentro desse cen&#225;rio de teorias comportamentais aplicadas &#224;s interven&#231;&#245;es em sa&#250;de, o estudo de Oliveira-Filho e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> traz grande contribui&#231;&#227;o ao conhecimento atual. Acreditamos que a leitura desse artigo ser&#225; de grande utilidade aos leitores dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
