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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.1" article-type="case-report" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">3TyX64KCCMVqndf4rtZj68r</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014002400015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140185</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Anatomopathological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 6/2014 &#8211; A Case of a 61-Year-old Woman with Diastolic Heart Failure  </article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitta</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Grunspun</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olivetti</surname>
            <given-names>Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Peniche</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Sim&#245;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bercht</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gutierrez</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Sampaio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benvenuti</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HC-FM</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) HC-FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Vera Demarchi Aiello</bold>, Avenida Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, subsolo, bloco I, Cerqueira C&#233;sar. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>demarchi@cardiol.br</email>,   <email>vera.aiello@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>103</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>e73</fpage>
      <lpage>e80</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart failure</kwd>
        <kwd>diastolic</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>restrictive</kwd>
        <kwd>amyloidosis</kwd>
        <kwd>ventricular dysfunction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="16"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Patient MSV, a 61-year-old woman born in Penteado, Alagoas, Brazil and residing in S&#227;o Paulo was hospitalized for decompensated heart failure (HF).  </p>
    <p>Approximately 1 year before, she experienced dyspnea with moderate effort, and there was marked worsening over the last 3 months associated with orthopnea and lower limb edema.  </p>
    <p>Laboratory tests from when the patient was first seen at the InCor emergency unit (in March 2013) revealed: 3.3 million red blood cells/mm&#179;; hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL; hemocyte 33%; MCV (mean corpuscular volume), 100 fL; leukocytes, 4,260/ mm&#179; (3,067 neutrophils, 213 eosinophils, 43 basophils, 809 lymphocytes and 128 monocytes); platelets, 146,000/mm&#179;; CK-MB, 1.37 ng/mL; troponin I, 0.081 ng/mL; urea, 26 mg/ dL; creatinine, 0.92 mg/dL; sodium 140 mEq/L; potassium 4.9 mEq/L; magnesium, 1.5 mEq/L; C-reactive protein, 6.31 mg/L; B-type natriuretic peptide, 282 pg/mL; PT (INR), 1.2; APTT, 0.97 ratio.  </p>
    <p>Radiography (in March 2013) showed an increase in the pulmonary vasculature and slightly increased cardiac area with middle arc rectification. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).  </p>
    <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Patient chest X ray: increased pulmonary vasculature and slightly increased cardiac area, with middle arc rectification.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>After administration of medicines, HF improved; however, after 1 week, the symptoms worsened and the patient sought emergency medical attention and was hospitalized (on August 6, 2013). She also complained of burning precordial discomfort accompanying dyspnea on exertion. She stated that there were no palpitations, syncope, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemias. The patient reported use of anti-inflammatory drugs for treating carpal tunnel syndrome.  </p>
    <p>The physical examination (on August 6, 2013) revealed increased jugular venous pressure, heart rate of 100 bpm, and blood pressure of 117 &#215; 59 mmHg. Pulmonary auscultation revealed decreased vesicular breath sounds at the lung bases and sizzling rales until the middle third; cardiac auscultation revealed no changes. The abdomen had no visceromegaly or ascites, and there was discrete edema in the lower limbs.</p>
    <p>Chest radiography (on August 6, 2013) revealed bilateral opacification of the costophrenic sinuses, increased pulmonary vasculature, and increased heart size (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>).  </p>
    <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Chest X ray: bilateral opacification of the costophrenic sinuses, increased pulmonary vascular markings, and increased heart area.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    <p>The electrocardiogram (ECG, on August 7, 2013) showed sinus rhythm, a heart rate of 78 bpm, low voltage QRS complexes, and diffuse ventricular repolarization (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>).  </p>
    <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 3</label>
      <caption>
        <title>ECG showing sinus rhythm, a heart rate of 78 bpm, low voltage QRS complexes, and diffuse ventricular repolarization.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    <p>The following was revealed by the echocardiogram (on August 8, 2013): aortic sinus, 29 mm; left atrium, 42 mm; septal thickness, 16 mm and posterior wall thickness, 12 mm; left ventricle (diastole/systole), 42/29 mm; ejection fraction, 57% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 4</xref>). The left ventricle showed marked hypertrophy without segmental changes. The filling pattern was restrictive and not reversible with the Valsalva maneuver (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 5</xref>). The right ventricle had preserved systolic function without valvular dysfunction. There were signs of pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary artery pressure was estimated to be at 50 mmHg. The E (mitral protodiastolic speed)/E&#8217; (protodiastolic velocity of the mitral annulus) ratio was 15 (normal value &lt; 8), indicative of the left atrial pressure above 20 mmHg.  </p>
    <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 4</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Transthoracic ECHO: marked increase in the left atrium diameter.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf04.tif"/></fig>
    <fig id="f05" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 5</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Left panel: Transthoracic ECHO M mode, mitral valve with the Christmas tree pattern, early closure of the mitral valve, and increased end diastolic pressure in the LV. Right panel: restrictive-type pattern ventricular filling.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf05.tif"/></fig>
    <p>Laboratory tests revealed anemia, renal failure, and hypothyroidism (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>).  </p>
    <table-wrap id="t01">
      <label>Table 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Laboratory tests</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th>&#160;</th>
            <th align="center">August 7</th>
            <th align="center">August 9</th>
            <th align="center">August 11</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td>Erythrocytes/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
            <td align="center">2,700,000</td>
            <td align="center">2,800,000</td>
            <td align="center">2,700,000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Hemoglobin (g/dL)</td>
            <td align="center">8.8</td>
            <td align="center">9.7</td>
            <td align="center">8.6</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Hematocrit (%)</td>
            <td align="center">27</td>
            <td align="center">29</td>
            <td align="center">28</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>MCV (fL)</td>
            <td align="center">100</td>
            <td align="center">104</td>
            <td align="center">104</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Leukocytes/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
            <td align="center">5,330</td>
            <td align="center">8,080</td>
            <td align="center">7,820</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Neutrophils (%)</td>
            <td align="center">70</td>
            <td align="center">79</td>
            <td align="center">74</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Eosinophils (%)</td>
            <td align="center">2</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
            <td align="center">3</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Basophils (%)</td>
            <td align="center">0</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Lymphocytes (%)</td>
            <td align="center">24</td>
            <td align="center">15</td>
            <td align="center">18</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Monocytes (%)</td>
            <td align="center">4</td>
            <td align="center">4</td>
            <td align="center">4</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Platelets/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
            <td align="center">147,000</td>
            <td align="center">202,000</td>
            <td align="center">179,000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Urea (mg/dL)</td>
            <td align="center">102</td>
            <td align="center">157</td>
            <td align="center">184</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Creatinine (mg/dL)</td>
            <td align="center">3.62</td>
            <td align="center">6.02</td>
            <td align="center">7.93</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Glomeruiar filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
            <td align="center">14</td>
            <td align="center">8</td>
            <td align="center">5</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>TSH (&#956;UI/ml)</td>
            <td align="center">17.8</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Free T4 (ng/dL)</td>
            <td align="center">1.1</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Potassium (mEq/L)</td>
            <td align="center">3.9</td>
            <td align="center">5.7</td>
            <td align="center">5</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Sodium (mEq/L)</td>
            <td align="center">137</td>
            <td align="center">136</td>
            <td align="center">130</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>
              <bold>Venous blood gas</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>pH</td>
            <td align="center">7.3</td>
            <td align="center">7.3</td>
            <td align="center">7.18</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>pCO<sub>2</sub> (mmHg)</td>
            <td align="center">51</td>
            <td align="center">42.6</td>
            <td align="center">51.7</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>pO<sub>2</sub> (mmHg)</td>
            <td align="center">33.5</td>
            <td align="center">42.9</td>
            <td align="center">59.5</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Bicarbonate (mMol/L)</td>
            <td align="center">24.4</td>
            <td align="center">20.2</td>
            <td align="center">18.7</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Base excess (mMol/L)</td>
            <td align="center">(-) 16</td>
            <td align="center">(-) 5.3</td>
            <td align="center">(-) 9</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Ionized calcium (mMol/L)</td>
            <td align="center">1.15</td>
            <td align="center">1.17</td>
            <td align="center">1.15</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Magnesium (mEq/L)</td>
            <td align="center">1.5</td>
            <td align="center">2</td>
            <td align="center">2</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>D dimer (ng/mL)</td>
            <td align="center">1,162</td>
            <td align="center">712</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>PT (INR)</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">0.96</td>
            <td align="center">1.3</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>APTT (ratio time)</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">0.96</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>C-reactive protein (mg/L)</td>
            <td align="center">10.81</td>
            <td align="center">21.98</td>
            <td align="center">25.68</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL)</td>
            <td align="center">524</td>
            <td align="center">662</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>CK-MB (ng/mL)</td>
            <td align="center">8.56</td>
            <td align="center">12.26</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Troponin I (ng/mL)  </td>
            <td align="center">0.607</td>
            <td align="center">2.54</td>
            <td align="center">12</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Venous lactate (mg/dL)</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>
              <bold>Urine (L)</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Proteins (g/L)</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">6</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Leukocytes/mL</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            <td align="center">280,000</td>
            <td align="center">&#160;</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Diuretics and intravenous dobutamine were administered with initial improvement in pulmonary congestion; however, congestion and oliguria worsened, with a marked increase in urea and creatinine levels (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figure 6</xref>). Dialysis was indicated, during which the patient showed signs of bacteremia, and the procedure was stopped. This was followed by worsening dyspnea and cardiac arrest by hypoxia. Resuscitation and orotracheal intubation for respiratory support were started, but there was no response, and the patient died (at 3:45 am on August 12, 2013).  </p>
    <fig id="f06" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figure 6</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Left aspect of the atrial septum. Irregular yellowish areas correspond to the amyloid deposit.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf06.tif"/></fig>
    <sec>
      <title>Clinical aspects</title>
      <p>The patient was a 61-year-old woman who developed HF in March 2013, with initial improvement after introduction of a specific treatment. However, 5 months later, she was admitted to the emergency room with decompensated underlying disease, requiring hospitalization.  </p>
      <p>HF is a complex syndrome resulting from any structural or functional damage to ventricular filling or ejection volume.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> The cardinal manifestations of HF are dyspnea and fatigue, which in turn may cause exercise intolerance, fluid retention, and pulmonary and systemic congestion<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. There is no specific diagnostic test for HF because it is primarily a syndrome of clinical diagnosis based on the history and physical exam<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. The importance of an active search for risk factors or previous cardiovascular disease should be emphasized in determining the etiology for this syndrome.  </p>
      <p>The patient returned to the emergency room with worsening dyspnea on exertion and burning chest discomfort. The patient presented no risk factors relevant to HF, except for the recent use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which could be a cause for decompensation of the disease. Physical examination called attention to signs of pulmonary congestion, as well as elevated right atrial pressure, increased jugular venous pressure, and signs of systemic congestion, observed in the edema of the lower limbs. The reduction in lower lung lobe auscultation corresponds to bilateral pleural effusion, which can be associated with HF or possibly with the patient&#8217;s underlying disease.  </p>
      <p>Considering the history and the physical examination, we concluded that the patient had a cardiac insufficiency syndrome with the involvement of left and right cardiac chambers.  </p>
      <p>After analyzing the complementary tests, a significant worsening of renal function was noted in relation to the tests performed in March, as well as a significant drop in hemoglobin values, indicating anemia and acute renal failure. The U/Cr ratio remained &lt; 40, and type I urine results revealed the presence of significant proteinuria, suggesting a parenchymatous process for renal dysfunction. Another relevant fact is the elevation of the myocardial necrosis markers, which may be associated with coronary disease or, more likely, with the kidney disease and decompensated HF, because the patient did not present significant risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular disease.  </p>
      <p>The intake chest X-ray confirms the findings of the physical examination, demonstrating bilateral pleural effusion and some degree of pulmonary congestion, with cardiac area at the upper limit of normal.  </p>
      <p>The ECG showed low QRS voltage, most evident in the frontal plane, late R wave progression in the horizontal plane, and diffuse changes in ventricular repolarization. This pattern can be found in some diseases such as decompensated hypothyroidism, pericardial effusion, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in addition to infiltrative cardiomyopathies. Although the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated (17.1), the value was not high enough to justify a myxedema coma, which would lead to the ECG changes.  </p>
      <p>At this time, echocardiography would be instrumental in identifying the etiological cause of the decompensation. This examination ruled out the presence of pericardial effusion, showing significant left ventricular hypertrophy with some degree of asymmetry, in addition to indirect signs of restrictive cardiomyopathy<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Myocardial hypertrophy is often associated with hypertension or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but both involve normal or increased voltage on the ECG; and therefore, the findings of ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced voltage on the ECG in the absence of pericardial effusion are unique to infiltrative cardiomyopathies, a group of cardiac diseases within the restrictive cardiomyopathies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.  </p>
      <p>Among the functional categories of cardiomyopathy (dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive), restrictive is the least common<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. It is defined as a disease of the heart muscle that negatively impacts ventricular filling, with normal or reduced diastolic volumes or diminished in one or both ventricles. Ventricular function remains unchanged, at least early during the condition, and ventricular wall thickness tends to be normal or increased according to the underlying disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.  </p>
      <p>The principal pathophysiological finding in restrictive cardiomyopathies (CMP) is diastolic dysfunction. Restricted ventricular filling occurs due to increased filling pressures and loss of ventricular compliance caused by excessive stiffening of the ventricular walls. This change is the result of myocardial fibrosis, inflammation or scarring<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.  </p>
      <p>Clinical manifestations can be either right or left HF, because both ventricles may be affected. In the right ventricular involvement, signs of right-side HF predominated with elevated jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, and ascites<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. When the left ventricle was affected, effort dyspnea was present and chest X ray showed lung congestion. It should be noted that the heart area was preserved in radiography, as there was no ventricular dilatation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
      <p>Atrial dilatation is very common; the ventricular thickness may be normal or increased, diastolic volume may be normal or reduced, and myocardial relaxation is affected<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. A diagnosis of restrictive CMP should be expected when there is clinical HF syndrome associated with normal cardiac area and preserved systolic function<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Ventricular filling basically depends on the pressure gradient between the atria and ventricle<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. At the beginning of diastole, ventricular filling depends on the atrial pressure, which is increased. In the late phase of diastole, atrial contraction and ventricular compliance are the main determinants<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>Differential diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathies is conducted with constrictive pericarditis, which is considered a classic clinical challenge and one with significant implications for therapeutic conduct.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> Both conditions lead to rapid and deep decline in ventricular pressure at the beginning of diastole, with rapid increase in early diastole until it reaches a plateau, leading to a hemodynamic pattern known as the square root sign observed in the atrial pressure curves<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. In constrictive pericarditis, there is equalization of the diastolic pressures, whereas in restrictive cardiomyopathy, pressures may vary more than 5 mmHg.  </p>
      <p>Restrictive cardiomyopathy can result from a wide variety of systemic diseases, some rare in clinical practice and may initially present as HF.  </p>
      <p>The most common specific cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy is amyloidosis; in almost half of cases, restrictive cardiomyopathy may be idiopathic. Amyloidosis is a generally progressive infiltrative systemic disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> In its cardiac form, amyloid protein is deposited in the myocardium and can result in restrictive cardiomyopathy, systolic HF, orthostatic hypotension, or conduction system disturbances<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. The ECG is greatly valuable in confirming the diagnosis, diffusely showing low QRS voltage complexes that, along with the thickened appearance of the ventricular walls in the echocardiogram, strongly suggest an infiltrative disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.  </p>
      <p>In cardiac amyloidosis, in addition to the echocardiographic findings of the restrictive component, some cases may display a peculiar granular and shiny appearance, probably as a result of the amyloid deposit. The diagnosis of amyloidosis must be confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. In cases of systemic amyloidosis, biopsy can be performed on other tissues such as the rectum, gums, or kidney.  </p>
      <p>With respect to the treatment, measures to control symptoms related to diastolic HF should be implemented, such as volemic control. Diuretics and vasodilators should be used with caution because these patients' cardiac output is largely dependent on the increased venous pressures<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Digoxin and calcium channel blockers should be avoided because they may bind to the amyloid substance and cause toxicity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. A specific treatment must be determined on the basis of the etiology of amyloidosis. In its primary form (AL), alkylating chemotherapy can be used with or without concomitant use of autologous bone marrow transplant. The average survival of patients with cardiac amyloidosis is estimated to be 5 months<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Heart transplant should be considered, but with a possibility of relapse in a short time and with survival rates of 30% for 5 years<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.  </p>
      <p>During the patent&#8217;s hospitalization, the patient&#8217;s hemodynamic parameters and dyspnea worsened. Dobutamine and diuretics were started without clinical improvement, and due to progressive worsening of renal function, it was necessary to start dialysis. The patient presented progressive hypoxemia and exhibited cardiopulmonary arrest with pulseless electrical activity. Despite CPR, the patient died. <bold>(Dr. Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Dr. Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Dr. Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche and Dr. Andrea Maria Dercht)</bold></p>
      <p><bold>Diagnostic hypothesis.  </bold>Underlying disease: amyloidosis. We believe that the terminal event (considering that the PCR was attributed to hypoxemia) was pulmonary embolism associated with cardiogenic shock. <bold>(Dr. Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Dr. Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Dr. Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche and Dr. Andrea Maria Dercht)</bold></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Autopsy</title>
      <p>In the autopsy, the weight of the heart was slightly more than the normal weight (390 g; normal = 350 g), with approximately normal-sized cavities, presenting an endocardial surface with irregular, yellowish areas. The atria had increased volume with the endocardial surface being irregularly yellow (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figure 6</xref>). The lungs had increased weight and reddened areas.  </p>
      <p>The microscopic study revealed the presence of amyloid material in the intramyocardial coronary branches; the endocardium and myocardium; particularly, the subendocardial region, the pulmonary artery; and in part of its intraparenchymal branches, the vessels of the renal hilum, and the glomerular capillaries, on the wall of splenic vessels and hepatic portal spaces (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figure 7</xref>). Amyloid substance was also found in the skin, tongue, bladder, and most markedly, in the myometrium and the muscular layer of the digestive tract (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figure 8</xref>).  </p>
      <fig id="f07" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 7</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Photomicrographies showing amyloid deposits in the cardiovascular system: myocardial interstitium, pulmonary and renal microcirculation.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf07.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f08" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 8</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Histological slides showing amyloid deposits outside the cardiovascular system: tongue (left panel) and skin (right panel).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf08.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The bone marrow was hypercellular, with an apparent increase in the amount of plasma cells, although it did not show frank plasmacytosis. Immunohistochemical reactions for light antibody chains (kappa and lambda) in the amyloid deposits yielded negative results.  </p>
      <p>In addition to amyloidosis, the kidneys exhibited acute tubular necrosis, and the lungs showed areas of hemorrhage, which may have contributed to the patient's death.   <bold>(Dr. Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Dr. Luiz Alberto Benvenuti)  </bold></p>
      <p><bold>Histopathological diagnosis.  </bold>Main disease: Amyloidosis, predominantly vascular.  </p>
      <p><bold><italic>Causa mortis</italic></bold>. Heart failure with areas of intra-alveolar bleeding. <bold>(Dr. Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Dr. Luiz Alberto Benvenuti)  </bold></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Commentary</title>
      <p>When the patient was alive, she was diagnosed with diastolic type HF. Among other possibilities, amyloidosis was suspected, which the autopsy revealed to be the patient's main disease.  </p>
      <p>Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by deposits that correspond to less than 30 proteins, assuming anomalous conformation. Type AA amyloidosis usually does not significantly compromise the heart, accompanying chronic inflammatory diseases that the patient did not have. The coloring of the tissue deposit is sensitive to treatment with potassium permanganate, unlike what occurred in this case. Therefore, deposits associated with transthyretin or light chains of immunoglobulins (kappa or lambda), which make up the most common &#8211; or the least rare &#8211; proteins deposited in amyloidosis, should be considered. In this case, the protein involved and the type of amyloidosis was not fully clarified. Immunohistochemical reactions for the immunoglobulins yielded negative results. These facts oppose the possibility of this type of protein deposit, but do not rule it out altogether. The bone marrow was hypercellular; it was neither possible to eliminate nor characterize the plasmacytic dyscrasia with certainty, which in any case had no direct connection with amyloidosis. As for transthyretin, we do not have its specific antibody. There are two major subtypes of amyloidosis with this deposit: senile cardiovascular and hereditary. The senile cardiovascular type is far more common in men, rarely appears in patients under age 65, and generally does not cause deposits outside the heart or vessels, as observed in some organs of our patient such as the skin, bladder, uterus, and digestive tract. Still, this cannot be totally ruled out as the patient's underlying disease. Finally, hereditary amyloidosis is rarer than those other types, and has a certain familial nature. Although the patient's family had no history of heart disease, it is not possible to completely rule out this possibility; additionally, there are several other proteins that can cause amyloid deposit. Currently, the most accurate methodology of characterizing the type of deposit is the mass spectra analysis of material obtained in histological slides by laser microdissection<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.  </p>
      <p><bold>Section editor:</bold> Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur (<email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email>)   <bold>Associated editors:</bold> Desid&#233;rio Favarato (<email>dclfavarato@incor.usp.br</email>) Vera Demarchi Aiello (<email>anpvera@incor.usp.br</email>)  </p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <title>Erratum</title>
        <sec>
          <title>December issue of 2014, vol. 103 (6), pages. e73-e80</title>
          <p>In the Original Article "Case 6/2014 - A Case of a 61-Year-old Woman with Diastolic Heart Failure", pages e73-e80, by authors Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche, Andrea Maria Dercht, Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Luiz Alberto Benvenuti, please be aware that the correct spelling for to Andrea Maria Bercht is Andrea Maria Dercht.</p>
        </sec>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Anatomocl&#237;nica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6/2014 &#8211; Mulher de 61 Anos com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Diast&#243;lica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitta</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Grunspun</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olivetti</surname>
            <given-names>Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Peniche</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Sim&#245;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bercht</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gutierrez</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Sampaio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benvenuti</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label/>
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HC-FM</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) HC-FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Vera Demarchi Aiello</bold>, Avenida Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, subsolo, bloco I, Cerqueira C&#233;sar. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>demarchi@cardiol.br</email>,   <email>vera.aiello@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Diast&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Restritiva</kwd>
        <kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>MSV, 61 anos, mulher natural de Penteado (AL) e procedente de S&#227;o Paulo, foi hospitalizada por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada.</p>
      <p>O in&#237;cio de dispneia aos esfor&#231;os moderados foi h&#225; aproximadamente um ano e houve progress&#227;o com piora acentuada h&#225; tr&#234;s meses, associada a ortopneia e edema de membros inferiores.</p>
      <p>Os exames laboratoriais do seu primeiro atendimento na unidade de emerg&#234;ncia do InCor (em mar&#231;o de 2013) revelaram: 3,3 milh&#245;es de hem&#225;cias/mm&#179;; hemoglobina, 10,9 g/dL; hemat&#243;cito, 33%; VCM, 100 fL; leuc&#243;citos, 4.260/mm&#179; (3.067 neutr&#243;filos, 213 eosin&#243;filos, 43 bas&#243;filos, 809 linf&#243;citos e 128 mon&#243;citos); plaquetas, 146.000/mm&#179;; CK-MB, 1,37 ng/mL; troponina I, 0,081 ng/mL; ureia, 26 mg/dL; creatinina, 0,92 mg/dL; s&#243;dio, 140 mEq/L; pot&#225;ssio, 4,9 mEq/L; magn&#233;sio, 1,5 mEq/L; prote&#237;na C reativa, 6,31 mg/L; pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B, 282 pg/mL; TP (INR), 1,2; TTPA, rela&#231;&#227;o 0,97.</p>
      <p>A radiografia (em mar&#231;o de 2013) revelou aumento da trama vascular pulmonar e &#225;rea card&#237;aca ligeiramente aumentada, com retifica&#231;&#227;o do arco m&#233;dio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f09" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax PA: aumento da trama vascular pulmonar e &#225;rea card&#237;aca ligeiramente aumentada com retifica&#231;&#227;o do arco m&#233;dio.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf01-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Houve melhora da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com introdu&#231;&#227;o de medica&#231;&#245;es, por&#233;m ocorreu piora dos sintomas h&#225; uma semana, a paciente procurou atendimento m&#233;dico de emerg&#234;ncia e foi hospitalizada (em 6 de agosto de 2013). Queixou-se, ainda, de desconforto precordial em queima&#231;&#227;o acompanhando a dispneia de esfor&#231;o. Negou palpita&#231;&#245;es ou s&#237;ncopes. Negou, tamb&#233;m, hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic> ou dislipidemias. Relatou uso de anti-inflamat&#243;rios para tratamento de s&#237;ndrome do t&#250;nel do carpo.</p>
      <p>O exame f&#237;sico (em 6 de agosto de 2013) revelou aumento da press&#227;o venosa jugular, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 100 bpm, press&#227;o arterial de 117 &#215; 59 mmHg. A ausculta pulmonar revelou murm&#250;rio vesicular diminu&#237;do em bases e estertores crepitantes at&#233; o ter&#231;o m&#233;dio; a ausculta card&#237;aca n&#227;o revelou altera&#231;&#245;es. O abdome n&#227;o tinha visceromegalias ou ascite e havia discreto edema de membros inferiores.</p>
      <p>A radiografia de t&#243;rax (em 6 de agosto de 2013) revelou velamento dos seios costofr&#234;nicos bilateralmente, aumento da trama vascular pulmonar e aumento da &#225;rea card&#237;aca (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f10" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax PA: velamento dos seios costofr&#234;nicos bilateralmente, aumento da trama vascular pulmonar e aumento da &#225;rea card&#237;aca.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf02-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O eletrocardiograma (ECG, em 7 de agosto de 2013) revelou ritmo sinusal, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 78 bpm, baixa voltagem dos complexos QRS e altera&#231;&#245;es difusas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f11" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>ECG mostrando ritmo sinusal, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca 78 bpm, baixa voltagem dos complexos QRS e altera&#231;&#245;es difusas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf03-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O ecocardiograma (em 8 de agosto de 2013) revelou: seio a&#243;rtico, 29 mm; &#225;trio esquerdo, 42 mm; espessura septal, 16 mm, e de parede posterior, 12 mm; ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (di&#225;stole/s&#237;stole), 42/29 mm; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, 57% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f12">Figura 4</xref>). O ventr&#237;culo esquerdo apresentava hipertrofia acentuada, sem altera&#231;&#245;es segmentares. O padr&#227;o de enchimento era do tipo restritivo, sem revers&#227;o com manobra de Valsava (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f13">Figura 5</xref>). O ventr&#237;culo direito apresentava fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica preservada sem disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar. Havia sinais de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, e a press&#227;o arterial pulmonar foi estimada em 50 mmHg. A rela&#231;&#227;o E (velocidade protodiast&#243;lica mitral)/E&#8217; (velocidade protodiast&#243;lica do anel mitral) foi 15 (valor normal &lt;8), indicativa de press&#227;o de &#225;trio esquerdo acima de 20 mmHg.</p>
      <fig id="f12" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>ECO transtor&#225;cico: aumento acentuado do &#225;trio esquerdo.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf04-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f13" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Painel esquerdo: ECO transtor&#225;cico- modo M: valva mitral com aspecto de &#8220;pinheiro tombado&#8221;, fechamento precoce de valva mitral, aumento de press&#227;o diast&#243;lica final de VE; Padr&#227;o direito: padr&#227;o de enchimento ventricular do tipo restritivo.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf05-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Os exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia, insufici&#234;ncia renal e hipotireoidismo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Exames laboratoriais</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th>&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">7 de agosto</th>
              <th align="center">9 de agosto</th>
              <th align="center">11 de agosto</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Eritr&#243;citos/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">2.700.000</td>
              <td align="center">2.800.000</td>
              <td align="center">2.700.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hemoglobina (g/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">8,8</td>
              <td align="center">9,7</td>
              <td align="center">8,6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Hemat&#243;crito (%)</td>
              <td align="center">27</td>
              <td align="center">29</td>
              <td align="center">28</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>VCM (fL)</td>
              <td align="center">100</td>
              <td align="center">104</td>
              <td align="center">104</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Leuc&#243;citos/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">5.330</td>
              <td align="center">8.080</td>
              <td align="center">7.820</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Neutr&#243;fllos (%)</td>
              <td align="center">70</td>
              <td align="center">79</td>
              <td align="center">74</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Eosin&#243;filos (%)</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Bas&#243;filos (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Linf&#243;citos (%)</td>
              <td align="center">24</td>
              <td align="center">15</td>
              <td align="center">18</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Mon&#243;citos (%)</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
              <td align="center">4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Plaquetas/mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">147.000</td>
              <td align="center">202.000</td>
              <td align="center">179.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Ureia (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">102</td>
              <td align="center">157</td>
              <td align="center">184</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Creatinina (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">3,62</td>
              <td align="center">6,02</td>
              <td align="center">7,93</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Taxa filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular (mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
              <td align="center">8</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TSH (MUI/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">17,8</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>T4 livre (ng/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">1,1</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Pot&#225;ssio (mEq/L)</td>
              <td align="center">3,9</td>
              <td align="center">5,7</td>
              <td align="center">5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>S&#243;dio (mEq/L)</td>
              <td align="center">137</td>
              <td align="center">136</td>
              <td align="center">130</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Gasimetria venosa</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>pH</td>
              <td align="center">7,3</td>
              <td align="center">7,3</td>
              <td align="center">7,18</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>pCO<sub>2</sub> (mmHg)</td>
              <td align="center">51</td>
              <td align="center">42,6</td>
              <td align="center">51,7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>pO<sub>2</sub> (mmHg)</td>
              <td align="center">33,5</td>
              <td align="center">42,9</td>
              <td align="center">59,5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Bicarbonato (mMol/L)</td>
              <td align="center">24,4</td>
              <td align="center">20,2</td>
              <td align="center">18,7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Excesso de bases (mMol/L)</td>
              <td align="center">(-) 1,6</td>
              <td align="center">(-) 5,3</td>
              <td align="center">(-) 9</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>C&#225;lcio i&#244;nico (mMol/L)</td>
              <td align="center">1,15</td>
              <td align="center">1,17</td>
              <td align="center">1,15</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Magn&#233;sio (mEq/L)</td>
              <td align="center">1,5</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
              <td align="center">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>D&#237;mero D (ng/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">1.162</td>
              <td align="center">712</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TP (INR)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">0,96</td>
              <td align="center">1,3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TTPA (rela&#231;&#227;o tempos)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">0,96</td>
              <td align="center">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Prote&#237;na C reativa (mg/L)</td>
              <td align="center">10,81</td>
              <td align="center">21,98</td>
              <td align="center">25,68</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B (pg/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">524</td>
              <td align="center">662</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>CK-MB (ng/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">8,56</td>
              <td align="center">12,26</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Troponina I (ng/mL)</td>
              <td align="center">0, 607</td>
              <td align="center">2,54</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Lactato venoso (mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <bold>Urina I</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Prote&#237;nas (g/L)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">6</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Leuc&#243;citos/mL</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              <td align="center">280.000</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Foram administrados diur&#233;ticos e dobutamina intravenosos, havendo melhora inicial da congest&#227;o pulmonar, contudo posteriormente houve agravamento da congest&#227;o e olig&#250;ria, com eleva&#231;&#227;o acentuada da ureia e da creatinina (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f14">Figura 6</xref>). Foi indicada di&#225;lise, durante a qual a paciente apresentou sinais de bacteremia, sendo o procedimento interrompido. Seguiu-se piora da dispneia e parada card&#237;aca por hip&#243;xia. Foram iniciadas as manobras de ressuscita&#231;&#227;o e intuba&#231;&#227;o orotroqueal para suporte respirat&#243;rio, mas n&#227;o houve resposta, e a paciente faleceu (&#224;s 3h45 de 12 de agosto de 2013).</p>
      <fig id="f14" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 6</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lado esquerdo do septo atrial. As &#225;reas irregularmente amareladas correspondem a dep&#243;sito amil&#243;ide.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf06-pt.tif"/></fig>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspetos cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Trata-se de uma mulher de 61 anos que iniciou quadro de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em mar&#231;o de 2013, com melhora inicial ap&#243;s introdu&#231;&#227;o de tratamento espec&#237;fico, mas que cinco meses depois deu entrada no pronto-socorro com descompensa&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a de base, havendo necessidade de interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome complexa que resulta de qualquer preju&#237;zo funcional ou estrutural ao enchimento ventricular ou ao volume ejetado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cardinais da IC s&#227;o dispneia e fadiga, podendo causar intoler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio, reten&#231;&#227;o h&#237;drica, congest&#227;o pulmonar e sist&#234;mica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. N&#227;o existe exame diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico para IC, pois ela &#233; principalmente uma s&#237;ndrome de diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico baseado em hist&#243;ria e exame f&#237;sico cuidadosos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Deve-se enfatizar a import&#226;ncia da procura ativa de fatores de risco ou de doen&#231;a cardiovascular pr&#233;via, na busca de uma etiologia para essa s&#237;ndrome.</p>
        <p>A paciente retornou ao pronto-socorro com piora da dispneia aos esfor&#231;os e desconforto tor&#225;cico em queima&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o apresentava fatores de risco relevantes para IC, exceto pelo uso recente de anti-inflamat&#243;rios, o que poderia ser uma causa para a descompensa&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a. Ao exame f&#237;sico chamavam a aten&#231;&#227;o os sinais de congest&#227;o pulmonar, al&#233;m de press&#227;o elevada no &#225;trio direito, press&#227;o venosa jugular aumentada e sinais de congest&#227;o sist&#234;mica, deduzidos pelo edema de membros inferiores. A redu&#231;&#227;o da ausculta em bases pulmonares corresponde &#224; proped&#234;utica de derrame pleural bilateral, que pode estar associado ao quadro de IC ou, eventualmente, &#224; doen&#231;a de base do paciente.</p>
        <p>Com a hist&#243;ria e o exame f&#237;sico podemos concluir que a paciente apresentava uma s&#237;ndrome de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com envolvimento de c&#226;maras card&#237;acas direitas e esquerdas.  </p>
        <p>Analisando os exames complementares, nota-se piora importante da fun&#231;&#227;o renal em rela&#231;&#227;o aos exames de mar&#231;o, assim como queda importante dos valores de hemoglobina, configurando quadro de anemia e insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda. A rela&#231;&#227;o U/Cr se manteve &lt; 40, e a urina tipo I revelou presen&#231;a de protein&#250;ria acentuada, sugerindo processo parenquimatoso para a disfun&#231;&#227;o renal. Outro dado relevante &#233; a eleva&#231;&#227;o dos marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica, que podem estar associados a coronariopatia ou, mais provavelmente, ao quadro de insufici&#234;ncia renal e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada, uma vez que a paciente n&#227;o apresentava fatores de risco importantes para doen&#231;a cardiovascular isqu&#234;mica.</p>
        <p>A radiografia de t&#243;rax de entrada confirma os achados do exame f&#237;sico, demonstrando derrame pleural bilateral e algum grau de congest&#227;o pulmonar com &#225;rea card&#237;aca no limite superior da normalidade.</p>
        <p>O eletrocardiograma mostrava baixa voltagem do QRS, mais evidente no plano frontal, progress&#227;o tardia de onda R no plano horizontal e altera&#231;&#245;es difusas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Esse padr&#227;o pode ser encontrado em algumas doen&#231;as, como hipotireoidismo descompensado, derrame peric&#225;rdico, doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica, al&#233;m das cardiomiopatias infiltrativas. Embora o horm&#244;nio tireoestimulante estivesse aumentado (TSH: 17,1), o valor n&#227;o era suficientemente alto para justificar um quadro de coma mixedematoso que levaria a altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas.</p>
        <p>Nesse momento, o ecocardiograma seria fundamental na identifica&#231;&#227;o etiol&#243;gica da causa de descompensa&#231;&#227;o. Esse exame descartou a presen&#231;a de derrame peric&#225;rdico, evidenciando hipertrofia ventricular esquerda importante com algum grau de assimetria, al&#233;m de sinais indiretos de miocardiopatia restritiva<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. A hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica est&#225; frequentemente associada a hipertens&#227;o arterial ou miocardiopatia hipertr&#243;fica, mas ambas cursam com voltagem normal ou aumentada no ECG, de modo que os achados de hipertrofia ventricular associados &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o de voltagem no ECG, na aus&#234;ncia de derrame peric&#225;rdico, s&#227;o exclusivos de cardiomiopatias infiltrativas, um grupo de afec&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas dentro das cardiomiopatias restritivas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref></p>
        <p>Dentre as categorias funcionais de miocardiopatias (dilatada, hipertr&#243;fica e restritiva), a restritiva &#233; a menos comum<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. &#201; definida como doen&#231;a do m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco que leva a preju&#237;zo do enchimento ventricular, com volumes diast&#243;licos normais ou diminu&#237;dos em um ou ambos os ventr&#237;culos. A fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular permanece inalterada, pelo menos no in&#237;cio do quadro, e a espessura da parede ventricular costuma ser normal ou aumentada de acordo com a doen&#231;a de base.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref></p>
        <p>O achado fisiopatol&#243;gico principal das cardiomiopatias (CMP) restritivas &#233; a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica. Ocorre restri&#231;&#227;o ao enchimento ventricular devido ao aumento das press&#245;es de enchimento e perda da complac&#234;ncia ventricular causada pelo enrijecimento excessivo das paredes ventriculares. Essa altera&#231;&#227;o decorre de fibrose mioc&#225;rdica, inflama&#231;&#227;o ou cicatriz<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas podem ser tanto de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita como esquerda, uma vez que ambos os ventr&#237;culos podem ser acometidos. No acometimento do ventr&#237;culo direito predominam os sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita com elevadas press&#245;es venosas jugulares, edema perif&#233;rico e ascite.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> Quando o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#233; acometido, dispneia aos esfor&#231;os e radiografia de t&#243;rax com congest&#227;o pulmonar est&#227;o presentes. Ressalte-se que a &#225;rea card&#237;aca est&#225; preservada na radiografia, uma vez que n&#227;o h&#225; dilata&#231;&#227;o ventricular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>A dilata&#231;&#227;o atrial &#233; muito comum, a espessura ventricular pode estar normal ou aumentada, o volume diast&#243;lico pode estar normal ou reduzido e h&#225; comprometimento do relaxamento mioc&#225;rdico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> Deve-se suspeitar do diagn&#243;stico de CMP restritiva quando houver s&#237;ndrome cl&#237;nica de IC associado a &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal e fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica preservada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> O enchimento ventricular depende basicamente de gradiente de press&#227;o entre os &#225;trios e o ventr&#237;culo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. No in&#237;cio da di&#225;stole depende da press&#227;o atrial, que est&#225; aumentada. J&#225; na fase tardia da di&#225;stole, a contra&#231;&#227;o atrial e a complac&#234;ncia ventricular s&#227;o os principais determinantes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
        <p>O diagn&#243;stico diferencial das miocardiopatias restritivas se faz com a pericardite constritiva, sendo considerado um desafio cl&#237;nico cl&#225;ssico e de grande implica&#231;&#227;o na conduta terap&#234;utica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> Ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es levam a r&#225;pido e profundo decl&#237;nio na press&#227;o ventricular, no in&#237;cio da di&#225;stole, com r&#225;pido aumento na di&#225;stole precoce at&#233; atingir um plat&#244;, levando a um padr&#227;o hemodin&#226;mico conhecido como sinal da raiz quadrada, observado nas curvas de press&#227;o atrial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Na pericardite constritiva h&#225; equaliza&#231;&#227;o das press&#245;es diast&#243;licas, enquanto na restritiva as press&#245;es podem variar mais que 5 mmHg.</p>
        <p>A miocardiopatia restritiva pode decorrer de grande variedade de doen&#231;as sist&#234;micas, algumas raras na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, e que podem ter sua apresenta&#231;&#227;o inicial como quadro de IC.</p>
        <p>A causa espec&#237;fica mais comum de cardiomiopatia restritiva &#233; a amiloidose, sendo que em quase metade dos casos a miocardiopatia restritiva pode ser idiop&#225;tica. A amiloidose &#233; uma doen&#231;a sist&#234;mica infiltrativa geralmente progressiva<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Na forma card&#237;aca, ocorre dep&#243;sito de prote&#237;na amiloide no mioc&#225;rdio, podendo resultar em cardiomiopatia restritiva, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sist&#243;lica, hipotens&#227;o ortost&#225;tica ou dist&#250;rbios do sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. O ECG &#233; de grande valia para corroborar o diagn&#243;stico, mostrando complexos QRS de baixa voltagem difusamente, que, associados &#224; apar&#234;ncia espessada das paredes ventriculares no ecocardiograma, sugerem fortemente uma doen&#231;a infiltrativa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>Na amiloidose card&#237;aca, al&#233;m dos achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos de componente restritivo, pode-se observar, em alguns casos, apar&#234;ncia peculiar de textura granular e brilhante, provavelmente resultante do dep&#243;sito amiloide. O diagn&#243;stico de amiloidose deve ser confirmado por bi&#243;psia endomioc&#225;rdica. Em caso de amiloidose sist&#234;mica pode-se usar bi&#243;psia de outros tecidos, como reto, gengiva ou rim.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tratamento devem ser implementadas medidas de controle de sintomas relacionados &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca diast&#243;lica como controle vol&#234;mico. O uso de diur&#233;ticos e vasodilatadores deve ser cauteloso, pois o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco desses pacientes tem grande depend&#234;ncia das press&#245;es venosas aumentadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> Digoxina e bloqueadores de canais de c&#225;lcio devem ser evitados pela possibilidade de se ligarem &#224; subst&#226;ncia amiloide e causar toxicidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> O tratamento espec&#237;fico deve ser direcionado pela etiologia da amiloidose. Na forma prim&#225;ria (AL) pode-se realizar quimioterapia com alquilantes, com ou sem associa&#231;&#227;o com transplante de medula &#243;ssea aut&#243;logo. A sobrevida m&#233;dia dos pacientes com amiloidose card&#237;aca &#233; estimada em cinco meses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> O transplante card&#237;aco deve ser considerado, por&#233;m com possibilidade de recidiva em curto espa&#231;o de tempo e com taxas de sobrevida de 30% em cinco anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>Durante a interna&#231;&#227;o no pronto-socorro, a paciente evoluiu com piora dos par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos e da dispneia, introduzindo-se dobutamina e diur&#233;ticos sem que houvesse melhora do quadro, sendo necess&#225;rio iniciar di&#225;lise pela piora progressiva da fun&#231;&#227;o renal. A paciente apresentou quadro de hipoxemia progressiva, apresentando parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria com atividade el&#233;trica sem pulso. Apesar das manobras de RCP, evoluiu para &#243;bito. <bold>(Dr. Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Dra. Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Dr. Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche e Dra. Andrea Maria Dercht)</bold></p>
        <p><bold>Hip&#243;tese diagn&#243;stica.  </bold>Doen&#231;a de base: amiloidose. Acreditamos que o evento final &#8211; tendo em vista que a PCR foi atribu&#237;da &#224; hipoxemia &#8211; tenha sido tromboembolismo pulmonar associado a choque cardiog&#234;nico. <bold>(Dr. Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Dra. Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Dr. Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche e Dra. Andrea Maria Dercht)</bold></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Necropsia</title>
        <p>&#192; necropsia, o cora&#231;&#227;o apresentava peso pouco acima do normal (390 g; normal at&#233; 350 g), com cavidades de tamanho aproximadamente normal, apresentando superf&#237;cie endoc&#225;rdica com &#225;reas irregulares, amareladas. Os &#225;trios tinham volume aumentado, com superf&#237;cie endoc&#225;rdica irregularmente amarelada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f14">Figura 6</xref>). Os pulm&#245;es tinham peso aumentado e &#225;reas avermelhadas.</p>
        <p>O estudo microsc&#243;pico demonstrou presen&#231;a de material amiloide em ramos coron&#225;rios intramioc&#225;rdicos, no endoc&#225;rdio e mioc&#225;rdio, em especial da regi&#227;o subendoc&#225;rdica, na art&#233;ria pulmonar e em parte de seus ramos intraparenquimatosos, nos vasos do hilo renal e nos capilares glomerulares, na parede de vasos espl&#234;nicos e de espa&#231;os portais hep&#225;ticos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f15">Figura 7</xref>). Tamb&#233;m se encontrou subst&#226;ncia amiloide na pele, l&#237;ngua, bexiga e, mais focalmente, no miom&#233;trio e na camada muscular do tubo digest&#243;rio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f16">Figura 8</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f15" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 7</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Cortes histol&#243;gicos mostrando dep&#243;sitos amil&#243;ides no sistema cardiovascular &#8211; interst&#237;cio mioc&#225;rdico e microcircula&#231;&#227;o pulmonar e renal.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf07-pt.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f16" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 8</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Cortes histol&#243;gicos mostrando dep&#243;sitos amil&#243;ides fora do sistema cardiovascular &#8211; l&#237;ngua (painel esquerdo) e pele (painel direito).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-103-06-0e73-40185-gf08-pt.tif"/></fig>
        <p>A medula &#243;ssea era hipercelular, com aparente aumento na quantidade de plasm&#243;citos, mas n&#227;o franca plasmocitose. Rea&#231;&#245;es de imuno-histoqu&#237;mica para cadeias leves de anticorpos (<italic>kappa</italic> e <italic>lambda</italic>) em dep&#243;sitos amiloides resultaram negativas.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m de amiloidose, os rins tinham necrose tubular aguda, e os pulm&#245;es, &#225;reas de hemorragia, as quais possivelmente contribu&#237;ram para o &#243;bito da paciente. <bold>(Dr. Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Dr. Luiz Alberto Benvenuti)</bold></p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico anatomopatol&#243;gico.  </bold>Doen&#231;a principal: amiloidose predominantemente vascular.</p>
        <p><bold><italic>Causa mortis</italic></bold>. Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com &#225;reas de hemorragia intra-alveolar. <bold>(Dr. Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Dr. Luiz Alberto Benvenuti)</bold></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coment&#225;rio</title>
        <p>Em vida, foi diagnosticado que a paciente era portadora de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de padr&#227;o diast&#243;lico. Entre outras possibilidades, suspeitava-se de amiloidose, que a necropsia revelou ser a doen&#231;a principal da paciente.</p>
        <p>A amiloidose &#233; uma doen&#231;a rara, que se caracteriza por dep&#243;sito que pode corresponder a uma entre pouco menos de 30 prote&#237;nas, desde que assuma conforma&#231;&#227;o an&#244;mala. A amiloidose do tipo AA n&#227;o costuma comprometer significativamente o cora&#231;&#227;o, acompanhando doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas que a paciente n&#227;o tinha. A colora&#231;&#227;o do dep&#243;sito tecidual &#233; sens&#237;vel ao tratamento com permanganato de pot&#225;ssio, ao contr&#225;rio do que ocorreu nesse caso. Assim, deve-se pensar em dep&#243;sitos associados &#224; transtirretina ou &#224;s cadeias leves de imunoglobulinas (<italic>kappa</italic> ou   <italic>lambda</italic>), que constituem as mais comuns ou menos raras &#8211; das prote&#237;nas depositadas na amiloidose. No presente caso, a prote&#237;na envolvida e o tipo de amiloidose n&#227;o ficaram totalmente esclarecidos. As rea&#231;&#245;es por imuno-histoqu&#237;mica para as imunoglobulinas resultaram negativas. Tais dados falam contra a possibilidade de se tratar de dep&#243;sito desse tipo de prote&#237;na, mas n&#227;o a descartam por completo. A medula &#243;ssea era hipercelular, n&#227;o sendo poss&#237;vel afastar nem muito menos caracterizar com certeza a discrasia plasmocit&#225;ria, que, de todo modo, n&#227;o guarda rela&#231;&#227;o direta com a amiloidose. Quanto &#224; transtirretina, n&#227;o dispomos de anticorpo espec&#237;fico para sua marca&#231;&#227;o. H&#225; dois subtipos principais de amiloidose com esse dep&#243;sito: a cardiovascular senil e a heredit&#225;ria. A cardiovascular senil &#233; bem mais frequente em homens, raramente aparece abaixo dos 65 anos e, em geral, n&#227;o causa dep&#243;sitos fora do cora&#231;&#227;o ou vasos, como aconteceu nessa paciente em alguns &#243;rg&#227;os, como pele, bexiga, &#250;tero e tubo digest&#243;rio. Ainda assim, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o se pode eliminar totalmente que seja a doen&#231;a da paciente. Finalmente, a amiloidose heredit&#225;ria &#233; mais rara que essas outras e tem certo car&#225;ter familiar, ao passo que na fam&#237;lia da paciente n&#227;o h&#225; hist&#243;rico de cardiopatia familiar, o que tamb&#233;m n&#227;o elimina por completo essa possibilidade, n&#227;o esquecendo que existem diversas outras prote&#237;nas que podem causar o dep&#243;sito amiloide. Atualmente, a metodologia mais precisa de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do tipo de dep&#243;sito &#233; a espectrografia de massa em material obtido, em l&#226;minas histol&#243;gicas, por microdissec&#231;&#227;o a <italic>laser</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <p><bold>Editor da Se&#231;&#227;o:</bold> Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur (<email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email>)</p>
        <p><bold>Editores Associados:</bold> Desid&#233;rio Favarato (<email>dclfavarato@incor.usp.br</email>)</p>
        <p> Vera Demarchi Aiello (<email>anpvera@incor.usp.br</email>)</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <title>Errata</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Edi&#231;&#227;o de Dezembro de 2014, vol. 103 (6), p&#225;gs. e73-e80</title>
            <p>Na Correla&#231;&#227;o Anatomocl&#237;nica "Caso 6/2014 - Mulher de 61 Anos com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Diast&#243;lica", p&#225;ginas e73-e80, dos autores Fabio Grunspun Pitta, Natalia Quintella Sangiorgi Olivetti, Diego Sim&#245;es Peniche, Andrea Maria Dercht, Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez, Luiz Alberto Benvenuti, considerar correta a grafia Andrea Maria Bercht para o nome da autora Andrea Maria Dercht.</p>
          </sec>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
