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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">b9mwx7yj9y6DLTp5HSTqH6s</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014002100012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140131</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Is Sildenafil a Therapeutic Option for
               Noncompaction?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Finsterer</surname>
            <given-names>Josef</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>St&#246;llberger</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftng</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vienna</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Austria</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftng, Vienna,
                  Austria</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Josef Finsterer,</bold> Postfach 20, Vienna.
               1180, Austria. Email: <email>fifigs1@yahoo.de</email>
            </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>103</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>264</fpage>
      <lpage>265</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Dilated/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Phosphodiesterase Inibitors/therapeutic use</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>To the editor</title>
      <p>With interest we read the article by Redondo et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> about a 6yo male with heart failure and left-ventricular
            hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. We have
            the following comments and concerns.</p>
      <p>Though LVHT is congenital in the majority of the cases, there are some cases in which
            LVHT is not present on previous echocardiographies (acquired LVHT)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. In such cases, LVHT may be truly absent or hidden. Hidden LVHT
            may occur if there is severe myocardial thickening or severe dilatation.</p>
      <p>We do not agree that pulmonary embolism is a major complication of LVHT<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. LVHT is an abnormality of the left ventricle.
            Thus, LVHT is frequently associated with ischemic stroke or systemic embolism due to
            emboli originating from the intertrabecular recessus of the left ventricular
            myocardium.</p>
      <p>LVHT is not directly attributable to a single genetic defect. It is rather a secondary
            reaction to primary affection of the heart by a genetic or chromosomal defect<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Typically, it does not occur in each carrier of a
            mutation, but only in some rare cases, without knowing the cause of this
            selectivity.</p>
      <p>The presented case is interesting for the beneficial effect of sildenafil for heart
            failure. Did sildenafil also have a beneficial effect on the trabeculations? Did the
            amount of trabeculae regress? Did the ratio non-compacted layer to compacted layer
            decrease during therapy?</p>
      <p>The authors mention that LVHT was first described in 1932 on autopsy. It would be
            interesting to know the reference of this observation, since there is ongoing debate
            about the first description of LVHT.</p>
      <p>LVHT is frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Was the patient ever
            seen by a myologist to rule out a NMD? Did the patient present with features of a NMD,
            such as weakness, wasting, fatigue, exercise intolerance, or double vision? Was the
            family history positive for NMD?</p>
      <p>Occasionally, LVHT is associated with pulmonary hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Was the pressure of the pulmonary artery measured, and, if
            increased, did sildenafil also have a beneficial effect on this parameter, since it is
            also given in this indication?</p>
      <p>We do not agree that LVHT in adults occurs only in the absence of other concomitant
            structural cardiac diseases. In adults, LVHT has been described in association with
            Ebstein's anomaly or aortic root dilatation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>Overall, there is a need to thoroughly investigate patients with LVHT, not only for
            cardiac disease but also for extra-cardiac manifestations. A comprehensive appreciation
            is necessary to optimize the management of LVHT patients.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Redondo AC, Fuenmayor G, Shiraishi KS, Fontes SR, Elias PF, Souza R,
               Jatene IB. Sildenafil for Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Treatment in a Child: Case
               Report. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;102(3):27.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Redondo</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fuenmayor</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shiraishi</surname>
              <given-names>KS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fontes</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Elias</surname>
              <given-names>PF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jatene</surname>
              <given-names>IB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Sildenafil for Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Treatment in
                  a Child: Case Report</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>102</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>27</fpage>
          <lpage>27</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Finsterer J, St&#246;llberger C, Schubert B. Acquired left ventricular
               noncompaction as a cardiac manifestation of neuromuscular disorders. Scand Cardiovasc
               J 2008;42(1):25-30.</mixed-citation>
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          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Finsterer</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>St&#246;llberger</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schubert</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Acquired left ventricular noncompaction as a cardiac
                  manifestation of neuromuscular disorders</article-title>
          <source>Scand Cardiovasc J</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>42</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>25</fpage>
          <lpage>30</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
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        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Finsterer J. Cardiogenetics, neurogenetics, and pathogenetics of left
               ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction. Pediatr Cardiol
               2009;30(5):659-81.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Finsterer</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Cardiogenetics, neurogenetics, and pathogenetics of left
                  ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction</article-title>
          <source>Pediatr Cardiol</source>
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          <lpage>681</lpage>
        </element-citation>
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        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Tian T, Liu Y, Gao L, Wang J, Sun K, Zou Y, et al. Isolated left
               ventricular noncompaction: clinical profile and prognosis in 106 adult patients.
               Heart Vessels.2013;Oct 2.[Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Tian</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gao</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zou</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Isolated left ventricular noncompaction: clinical
                  profile and prognosis in 106 adult patients</article-title>
          <source>Heart Vessels</source>
          <day>2</day>
          <month>Oct</month>
          <year>2013</year>
          <comment>[Epub ahead of print]</comment>
        </element-citation>
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        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hajj-Chahine J, Allain G, Tomasi J, Jayle C, Corbi P. Aortic root
               replacement in a patient with left ventricular noncompaction. Ann Thorac Surg.
               2014;97(1):e1-3.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Hajj-Chahine</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Allain</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tomasi</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jayle</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Corbi</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Aortic root replacement in a patient with left
                  ventricular noncompaction</article-title>
          <source>Ann Thorac Surg</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>97</volume>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#201; Sildenafil uma Op&#231;&#227;o Terap&#234;utica para n&#227;o Compacta&#231;&#227;o?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Finsterer</surname>
            <given-names>Josef</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>St&#246;llberger</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftng</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Viena</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>&#193;ustria</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftng, Viena,
                  &#193;ustria</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Josef Finsterer,</bold> Postfach 20, Vienna.
               1180, &#193;ustria. Email: <email>fifigs1@yahoo.de</email>
            </corresp>
      </author-notes>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Carta ao Editor</title>
        <p>Lemos com interesse o artigo de Redondo e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> sobre um paciente de seis anos, do sexo masculino, com insufici&#234;ncia
               card&#237;aca e hipertrabecula&#231;&#227;o/n&#227;o-compacta&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda (HTVE/NCVE)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Temos os seguintes coment&#225;rios e considera&#231;&#245;es
               a fazer.</p>
        <p>Embora a HTVE / NCVE seja cong&#234;nita, na maioria dos casos, existem alguns casos em
               que HTVE/NCVE n&#227;o est&#225; presente em ecocardiogramas anteriores (HTVE/NCVE
                  adquirida)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Nesses casos, a HTVE/NCVE pode
               estar verdadeiramente ausente ou oculta. HTVE/ NCVE oculta pode ocorrer se houver
               espessamento do mioc&#225;rdio grave ou dilata&#231;&#227;o grave.</p>
        <p>N&#227;o concordamos que a embolia pulmonar seja uma das principais complica&#231;&#245;es da
                  HTVE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. HTVE/NCVE &#233; uma anormalidade do
               ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Assim, a HTVE / NCVE &#233; frequentemente associada a acidente
               vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico ou embolia sist&#234;mica causada por &#234;mbolos provenientes do
               recesso intertrabecular do mioc&#225;rdio ventricular esquerdo.</p>
        <p>HTVE/NCVE n&#227;o &#233; diretamente atribu&#237;vel a um &#250;nico defeito gen&#233;tico. &#201;, ao inv&#233;s
               disso, uma rea&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria a uma condi&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca prim&#225;ria, causada por um defeito
               gen&#233;tico ou cromoss&#244;mico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Tipicamente, n&#227;o
               ocorre em todos os portadores de uma muta&#231;&#227;o, mas apenas em alguns casos raros, sem
               que saibamos a causa dessa seletividade.</p>
        <p>O caso apresentado &#233; interessante em rela&#231;&#227;o ao efeito ben&#233;fico do sildenafil para a
               insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. O sildenafil tamb&#233;m teve um efeito ben&#233;fico sobre as
               trab&#233;culas? A quantidade de trab&#233;culas regrediu? A raz&#227;o camada n&#227;o compactada/camada
               compactada diminuiu durante a terapia?</p>
        <p>Os autores mencionam que HTVE/NCVE foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1932 em uma
               aut&#243;psia. Seria interessante saber a refer&#234;ncia dessa observa&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que h&#225; um
               debate em curso sobre a primeira descri&#231;&#227;o da HTVE/NCVE.</p>
        <p>HTVE/NCVE &#233; frequentemente associada com doen&#231;as neuromusculares (DNMs). O paciente
               foi examinado por um miologista para descartar uma DNM? O paciente apresentava
               caracter&#237;sticas de uma DNM, como fraqueza, emagrecimento, fadiga, intoler&#226;ncia ao
               exerc&#237;cio, ou vis&#227;o dupla? O hist&#243;rico da fam&#237;lia era positivo para DNM?</p>
        <p>Ocasionalmente, HTVE/ NCVE est&#225; associada com hipertens&#227;o pulmonar<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. A press&#227;o da art&#233;ria pulmonar foi medida, e,
               se aumentada, o sildenafil tamb&#233;m teve um efeito ben&#233;fico sobre esse par&#226;metro, uma
               vez que tamb&#233;m &#233; indicado nessa situa&#231;&#227;o?</p>
        <p>N&#227;o concordamos que HTVE/NCVE em adultos ocorra apenas na aus&#234;ncia de outra doen&#231;a
               card&#237;aca estrutural concomitante. A HTVE/NCVE tem sido descrita em adultos em
               associa&#231;&#227;o com anomalia de Ebstein ou dilata&#231;&#227;o da raiz a&#243;rtica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
        <p>Em geral, &#233; necess&#225;rio avaliar pacientes com HTVE/NCVE de forma minuciosa, n&#227;o s&#243; em
               rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, mas tamb&#233;m para manifesta&#231;&#245;es extra-card&#237;acas. Uma
               avalia&#231;&#227;o abrangente &#233; necess&#225;ria para otimizar o manejo de pacientes com HTVE /
               NCVE.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
