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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">D7FdwTmKyg5ZzhZWjZrxPhb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014002000015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140115</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Bioethics Cardioteam Useful for Bedside Crisis
               Management</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">HC</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv3">InCor</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">InCor-HC-FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP -
                  Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing address: Max Grinberg</bold>, Rua Manoel Antonio Pinto, 4 apt&#186; 21A,
               Parais&#243;polis. Postal Code 05663-020, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>max@cardiol.br</email>, <email>grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>103</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>e26</fpage>
      <lpage>e28</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Bioethics</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Management</kwd>
        <kwd>Point of Care Systems / organization &amp; administration</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="18"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Crisis is a point of progression of an illness at which either a tendency to improvement
            or to worsening is evident. Crises that happen later have a better prognosis.</p>
      <p>Hippocrates (460-370 BC)</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The physician, in good faith, assumes a civil and criminal liability when making ethical
            judgments for which he is sometimes ill equipped to make</p>
      <p>Karen Williams Teel</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Pediatrician who suggested boards to share responsibilities in the 70s</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <sec>
      <title>Preamble</title>
      <p>Bedside crisis (BSC) is a high-stress incident in Medicine. Predicting the outcomes is
            difficult and short-term worsening probability is high<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>Whether connected or not to malpractice, it usually represents frustrated hopes. It
            involves the health professional, patient, family, institution and the health system, in
            varying combinations.</p>
      <p>In Cardiology, the symbolism of the heart, the social assumption of heart disease, the
            worrying levels of morbidity and mortality and the frequency of urgency and emergency
            exercise an "etiopathogenic" influence. Beliefs of inattention to the person, of
            technical limitation as denial of attention and malpractice in new unwanted beginnings
            point out to scenarios made up by fragmented case management and miscommunication<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>The Need</title>
        <p>Trust in the figure of the cardiologist of generations avoided expressions of
               criticism. However, profound social, cultural, economic and technological changes
               expose the current cardiologist to the lay judgment that he cannot control. The
               assessment of his commitment to the outcomes - intended, but not ensured - suffers
               the modeling effect of the cultures - not exclusively that culture in which we live -
               on experience of the disease. The biocultural model makes those with heart diseases,
               at a point in their lives and at a given level of diagnostic, therapeutic and
               prognostic expectation, to be represented in a multiple dimension that goes beyond
               the biomedical model underpinned by cellular processes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> and covers physical and occupational functions, psychological state,
               social interaction and somatic sensation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>.</p>
        <p>The observation of "logics" between the patient, the family, the payer, the
               institution and the health care system reinforces that integrity of character and the
               Hippocratic Oath are not enough for the cardiologist to be immune to "colonization of
               standoffs" at the bedside. That is why good communication, respect for preferences
               and values and interest in the well being of others are drivers of "human harmony"
               while the case is managed across updated charts of technical and scientific
               conduct.</p>
        <p>It is a panorama where Bioethics presents itself as an instrument of safeguarding BSC
               "antigens". The intention is to help alerting to the (un)predictability of human
               nature and infrastructure, to help in the practical sense of prompt response and in
               the critical sense of conformity with legal ethics, morale and legality.</p>
        <p>The stethoscope, the symbol of being a cardiologist, thus gains a partner for
               auscultation of any noise. The stethoscope at the traditional focuses of the chest
               and Bioethics at the focuses of grips and reversals of flows through the "circulation
               of warm blood" in the bedside environment.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>The Proposal</title>
        <p>In the USA, 81% of hospitals and 100% of those with at least 400 beds have Ethics
                  Consultancies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Many of them adopt the
               second edition (2011) of the Core Competencies for Health Care Ethics Consultation
               prepared by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities.</p>
        <p>The cardiologists need to spread this use of Bioethics in Brazil. Brazilian hospitals
               with Cardiology services and particularly those with training programs for young
               cardiologists have a moral commitment to give resolving and educational importance to
               BSC management underpinned by Bioethics, either due to the mishaps of dissatisfaction
               itself or due to the risks of a poorly structured response.</p>
        <p>The human resource should not be restricted to a single consultant, since it would be
               insufficient because of the plurality of Cardiology performance. A committee is
               bureaucratic; a behavior that is averse to the resourcefulness required from
               cardiologists in general.</p>
        <p>A Team has many advantages<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. It embodies
               agility and stimulates enthusiasm and creativity. Each member is aware of their
               responsibilities and recognizes those of the others<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>.</p>
        <p>A Team works proactively or reactively, with more or less formality, even in a mere
               pre-appointment, but always dissociated from the technical and scientific conduct
               involved and sharing responsibilities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
        <p>The identity of the Time lies in the combination of leadership, assistance to the
               situation, mutual support and communication. Strength is generated in standards of
               concepts and methods based on Bioethics. Strong identity associates independence,
               pro-activity, reactivity, solidarity, neutrality, rather than authoritarianism,
               immediacy and troubleshooting ability.</p>
        <p>It is encouraging for a cardiologist to have a Bioethics Cardioteam (BCT) to help
               identify-process-decide on conflicts and dilemmas when you feel turmoil in the
               complexity of the health care system-attention to a particular patient. As an
               example, a situation that combines heart failure, old age, and (no) free consent
               gathers the three most popular themes appreciated by an Ethics Consulting Team,
               namely: life terminality, (in)ability to make decisions and respect for autonomy<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
        <p>Members should see themselves and be seen as part of the attention to the conflict.
               It is an assumption of the three-phase construction of reputation towards
                  excellence<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>: a) portraying the existing
               culture, the history of crises and resources; b) planning strategies and supervised
               training; c) taking care of the mix of individual skills, organizational improvement
               and feedback to resolving and preventive aspects with an impact on the
               transformations of local culture.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Development of Bioethics Cardioteam</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Interdisciplinarity</title>
          <p>Diverse professional backgrounds are welcome: physician, nurse, psychologist,
                  social worker, ombudsperson, physiotherapist, pharmacist, lawyer, philosopher,
                  among others. They share or complement themselves to deliver three skills:</p>
          <p>1. Evaluative skills: includes crisis identification and analysis skills and
                  search for references in articles, guidelines and standards.</p>
          <p>2. Procedural skills: covers the management of organizational facilities involving
                  respect to documentation and use of procedural routines, scheduling meetings,
                  assuming new directions and commissioning ad hoc consultants.</p>
          <p>3. Interpersonal skills: employs empathic communication, nonviolent communication,
                  promotes flow of communication among the stakeholders, compares moral views and
                  gives acceptability to ethical and legal values.</p>
          <p>The domain of anti-BSC expertise has been under international discussion<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. Certification by a specialty Society or by a Graduate degree is
                  attractive and should be aspired among us. However, it is a field that admits an
                  informal case-by-case style under supervision in the good old classroom about
                  bedside obligations and duties.</p>
          <p>Through interdisciplinary exchange, the members develop a format of objectives,
                  roles and methods that is different from what each one is used to in routine
                  professional practice.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Availability of Time and Easy Commissioning</title>
          <p>The BCT needs to be available. In addition to being an important factor of
                  compliance, the promptness of the "here!" avoids hasty actions and reactions,
                  essentially emotional ones, which impair resolution, lead to worsening of the
                  crisis, encourage extremism and, moreover, jeopardize professional and
                  institutional names either transiently or permanently.</p>
          <p>The opportunity of commissioning, besides the classical in-person nature, offers
                  ease of contact through information technology and telecommunication.</p>
          <p>The subsequent follow-up is driven by the timing of usefulness. Some situations
                  require a more immediate resolution (Jehovah's Witness patient in a surgical
                  emergency of aortic dissection) and some situations require a slower process of
                  analysis and negotiation (where the crux of the issue is difficult differential
                  diagnosis due to atypical conditions).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Personal Attributes</title>
          <p>The power and influence of the members must remain self-regulated. Their values
                  &#8203;&#8203;must not be authoritative and their steps need to be clearly recognized as
                  guided by a combination of tolerance (understood as something that could be
                  prevented in the field of opinion), patience (meaning tranquility and
                  perseverance), compassion, humbleness and integrity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Institutional Support</title>
          <p>The institutional counterpart to the voluntary commitment of the BCT members is
                  the commitment to supporting basic needs, including:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Independence of pressures derogatory of integrity;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Compensation of hours of work;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Fluid interaction with the Coordinator;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Easy access to literature;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Assistance to continuing education.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Education</title>
          <p>The interaction of the BCT with those involved in a BSC, either directly or
                  indirectly, the record of events and the outcomes and the profiles of those
                  involved include educational corollaries and motivation to research:</p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <p>Recognition of the appropriate time for commissioning;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Prudence before consulting;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Assimilation of procedural rationale;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Getting used to the usual steps;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Mastery of avoidance techniques;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Mastery of anticipation techniques;</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Studies on ethical consultations<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and the
                  Brazilian experience in the Medical Councils indicate that the main pedagogical
                  objective relating to items e) and f) is the good practice of oral and written
                  communication.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Making the Request the Most Understandable One</title>
          <p>The pre-mobilization stage means the BCT making sure that the issue falls under
                  the BSC concept<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>.</p>
          <p>Not infrequently, the cases involve a difficult differential diagnosis of the
                  critical level of the standoff and raise an enlightening preliminary discussion
                  from different perspectives by which failures in diagnosis, treatment, prevention
                  and communication are analyzable.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Setting the Relevance</title>
          <p>Good practices in Cardiology give proportionate responses to the severity of the
                  clinical picture. Likewise, the BCT is mostly focused on conflicts where there is
                  a clear threat to the patient's life.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Expanding Information and Filling Gaps</title>
          <p>The movement is like the one of a boomerang. The problem stems from the bedside
                  and it returns as a solution, ideally. The efficiency of the round-trip route
                  cannot dispense with an independent confirmation or acquisition of sequences of
                  relevant information.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Conciliating Systematization and Brevity</title>
        <p>Short recommendations tend to be applied by the cardiology care staff upon
               urgency/emergency care to the patient with heart disease. However, when BCT members
               cannot fail to meet validated anti-BSC systematizations, not always resulting in
               immediacy, although they seek to speed up the solution as much as possible.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Integrating Ethics, Morale and Legality to the Consulting Process</title>
        <p>The BCT must believe that it is acting impartially by strictly abiding by the
               provisions of laws, codes and standards. It is a neutral stance that admits neither
               moralizing judgments nor conflicts of interest, or hesitation to reshape the course
               of orientation, much less that there will always be an appropriate response.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Cardiology in Brazil expanded into primary and secondary prevention. Greater knowledge
            of events allowed greater control of risks in our multi-ethnic and multi-cultural
            population. Adjustments of habits lead preventive recommendations. It is not different
            vis-&#224;-vis the potential dissatisfactions and conflicts.</p>
      <p>The BCT reinforces the importance of the habit of combining empathy, reflection,
            professionalism and trust<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, the so-called
            Narrative Skill that raises the level of cognitive, symbolic and affective understanding
            of verbal and nonverbal communication. Supervision and individuality of cases include
            conceptual propositions and contributes to the improvement of "know thyself and the
            other," which gives meaning and value to the cardiologist's style in the bedside
            environment. In other words, it helps building the memory on the steps experienced by
            the cardiologist, which is effective for the good quality of the bedside "ecology" that
            reduces the risk of BSC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Author contributions</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Writing of the manuscript
               and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Grinberg M.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto De Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Cardiotime de Bio&#233;tica &#218;til para a Gest&#227;o de Crise &#224; Beira
               do Leito</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">HC</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv3">InCor</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">InCor-HC-FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP -
                  Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Max Grinberg</bold>, Rua Manoel Antonio Pinto, 4 apt&#186; 21A,
               Parais&#243;polis. CEP 05663-020, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail:
                  <email>max@cardiol.br</email>, <email>grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Bio&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Gest&#227;o em Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistemas Automatizados de Assist&#234;ncia Junto ao Leito / organiza&#231;&#227;o &amp;
               administra&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>Crise &#233; o momento na progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a em que fica evidente a tend&#234;ncia ou &#224;
               melhora ou &#224; piora. Crises que acontecem mais tardiamente t&#234;m melhor progn&#243;stico.</p>
        <p>Hip&#243;crates (460-370 a.C.)</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>
          <italic>O m&#233;dico, na boa-f&#233;, assume responsabilidade civil e criminal ao fazer ju&#237;zos
                  &#233;ticos para os quais nem sempre est&#225; preparado.</italic>
        </p>
        <p>Karen Williams Teel, pediatra que sugeriu colegiados para dividir responsabilidades,
               na d&#233;cada de 1970</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <sec>
        <title>Pre&#226;mbulo</title>
        <p>Crise &#224; beira do leito (CBL) &#233; incidente com alta tens&#227;o na medicina. A antevis&#227;o dos
               rumos &#233; dif&#237;cil, e a probabilidade de agravamento no curto prazo &#233; alta<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
        <p>Ligada ou n&#227;o a erro profissional, representa habitualmente esperan&#231;as frustradas.
               Envolve profissional da sa&#250;de, paciente, familiar, institui&#231;&#227;o e sistema de sa&#250;de, em
               variadas combina&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>Em cardiologia, o simbolismo do cora&#231;&#227;o, o pressuposto social de cardiopatia, os
               n&#237;veis preocupantes de morbimortalidade e a frequ&#234;ncia da urg&#234;ncia e da emerg&#234;ncia
               exercem influ&#234;ncia "etiopatog&#234;nica". Entendimentos de desaten&#231;&#227;o &#224; pessoa, de
               limita&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica como nega&#231;&#227;o de atendimento e de m&#225; pr&#225;tica em recome&#231;os n&#227;o
               pretendidos iluminam cen&#225;rios formados pela fragmenta&#231;&#227;o da condu&#231;&#227;o do caso e pela
               dissintonia de comunica&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>A Necessidade</title>
          <p>A confian&#231;a na pessoa do cardiologista das gera&#231;&#245;es evitava a manifesta&#231;&#227;o de
                  cr&#237;ticas, todavia profundas mudan&#231;as sociais, culturais, econ&#244;micas e tecnol&#243;gicas
                  exp&#245;em o cardiologista atual ao ju&#237;zo leigo que lhe foge ao controle. A avalia&#231;&#227;o
                  do seu empenho pelos resultados pretendidos mas n&#227;o assegurados sofre o efeito
                  modelador das culturas - n&#227;o exclusivamente a que vivemos - sobre a experi&#234;ncia da
                  enfermidade. O modelo biocultural faz o portador de cardiopatia, em dado momento
                  da sua vida e em dado n&#237;vel de expectativa diagn&#243;stica, terap&#234;utica e progn&#243;stica,
                  representar-se em dimens&#227;o m&#250;ltipla, que transpassa o modelo biom&#233;dico calcado em
                  processos celulares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> e abrange fun&#231;&#245;es
                  f&#237;sicas e ocupacionais, estado psicol&#243;gico, intera&#231;&#227;o social e sensa&#231;&#227;o
                     som&#225;tica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>.</p>
          <p>A observa&#231;&#227;o de "l&#243;gicas" entre paciente, familiar, fonte pagadora, institui&#231;&#227;o e
                  sistema de sa&#250;de refor&#231;a que n&#227;o bastam a integridade de car&#225;ter e o juramento de
                  Hip&#243;crates para que o cardiologista esteja imune a "coloniza&#231;&#245;es de impasses" &#224;
                  beira do leito. &#201; por isso que a boa comunica&#231;&#227;o, o respeito a prefer&#234;ncias e a
                  valores e o interesse pelo bem-estar alheio s&#227;o promotores de "harmonia humana" na
                  passagem do caso por organogramas atualizados de conduta t&#233;cnico-cient&#237;fica.</p>
          <p>&#201; panorama onde a bio&#233;tica apresenta-se como instrumento de resguardo a
                  "ant&#237;genos" CBL. A pretens&#227;o &#233; auxiliar no senso de alerta &#224;s (im)previsibilidades
                  da natureza humana e da infraestrutura, no senso pr&#225;tico da pronta resposta e no
                  senso cr&#237;tico da conformidade com a &#233;tica, a moral e a legalidade jur&#237;dica.</p>
          <p>O estetosc&#243;pio, s&#237;mbolo do ser cardiologista, ganha, assim, uma parceira para a
                  ausculta de qualquer ru&#237;do. Ele, nos focos tradicionais do t&#243;rax; a bio&#233;tica, nos
                  focos de apertos e de invers&#245;es de fluxos pela "circula&#231;&#227;o de sangue quente" no
                  meio ambiente da beira do leito.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>A Proposta</title>
          <p>Nos Estados Unidos, 81% dos hospitais e 100% daqueles com pelo menos 400 leitos
                  possuem consultorias &#233;ticas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Muitas delas
                  adotam j&#225; uma segunda edi&#231;&#227;o (2011) do <italic>Core Competencies for Health Care
                     Ethics Consultation</italic> elaborado pela American Society for Bioethics and
                  Humanities.</p>
          <p>Os cardiologistas precisam repercutir esse uso da bio&#233;tica no Brasil. Hospitais
                  brasileiros com servi&#231;os de cardiologia - particularmente aqueles com programas de
                  treinamento para o jovem cardiologista - t&#234;m o compromisso moral de dar destaque
                  resolutivo e educativo a uma gest&#227;o de CBL apoiada pela bio&#233;tica, quer pelos
                  percal&#231;os da insatisfa&#231;&#227;o em si, quer pelos riscos da resposta mal
                  estruturada.</p>
          <p>O recurso humano n&#227;o deve se restringir a um &#250;nico consultor - seria insuficiente
                  pela pluralidade da atua&#231;&#227;o em cardiologia. Um comit&#234; &#233; burocr&#225;tico -
                  comportamento avesso &#224; forma&#231;&#227;o de praticidade do cardiologista em geral.</p>
          <p>J&#225; uma equipe (time) &#233; vantajosa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Ela
                  personifica a agilidade e estimula o entusiasmo e a criatividade. Cada membro
                  conhece suas responsabilidades e reconhece as dos demais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>.</p>
          <p>O time trabalha de modo proativo ou reativo, com mais ou menos formalidade, at&#233; em
                  uma pr&#233;-consulta apenas, mas sempre indissociado da conduta t&#233;cnico-cient&#237;fica
                  envolvida e partilhando responsabilidades<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
          <p>A identidade do time est&#225; na conjun&#231;&#227;o de lideran&#231;a, assist&#234;ncia &#224; situa&#231;&#227;o,
                  aux&#237;lio m&#250;tuo e comunica&#231;&#227;o. A for&#231;a &#233; gerada em padr&#245;es de conceitos e de m&#233;todos
                  apoiados na bio&#233;tica. Assim, identidade forte associa independ&#234;ncia, proatividade,
                  reatividade, solidariedade, neutralidade, n&#227;o autoritarismo, imediatidade e
                  resolubilidade.</p>
          <p>&#201; estimulante para o cardiologista dispor de um cardiotime de bio&#233;tica para o
                  assistir a identificar/processar/decidir sobre conflitos e dilemas quando se
                  sentir em turbul&#234;ncia na complexidade do sistema de aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de e aten&#231;&#227;o a
                  determinado paciente. Como exemplo, a situa&#231;&#227;o que conjuga insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca,
                  idade avan&#231;ada e (n&#227;o) consentimento livre e esclarecido re&#250;ne os tr&#234;s temas mais
                  apreciados por um time de consultoria &#233;tica, a saber: terminalidade da vida,
                  (in)capacidade para tomar decis&#245;es e respeito &#224; autonomia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
          <p>Os membros devem se ver e ser vistos como parte da aten&#231;&#227;o ao conflito. &#201; premissa
                  da constru&#231;&#227;o trif&#225;sica da reputa&#231;&#227;o rumo &#224; excel&#234;ncia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>: retratar a cultura existente, o hist&#243;rico de crises e os
                  recursos; planejar estrat&#233;gias e treinamento supervisionado; cuidar da mixagem de
                  compet&#234;ncias individuais, do aperfei&#231;oamento organizacional e do
                     <italic>feedback</italic> ao resolutivo e ao preventivo com impacto em
                  transforma&#231;&#245;es da cultura local.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenvolvimento do Cardiotime de Bio&#233;tica</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Interdisciplinaridade</title>
            <p>Diversas forma&#231;&#245;es profissionais s&#227;o bem-vindas: m&#233;dico, enfermeiro, psic&#243;logo,
                     assistente social, ouvidor, fisioterapeuta, farmac&#234;utico, advogado, fil&#243;sofo,
                     entre outros. Eles compartilham ou complementam-se em tr&#234;s compet&#234;ncias:</p>
            <p>1. De avalia&#231;&#227;o: compreende habilidades de identifica&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise da crise e
                     busca por referenciais em artigos, diretrizes e normas.</p>
            <p>2. Processual: abrange o manejo das facilidades organizacionais envolvendo o
                     respeito &#224; documenta&#231;&#227;o e ao uso de rotinas de procedimentos, os agendamentos
                     de encontros, os redirecionamentos e os acionamentos de consultores <italic>ad
                        hoc</italic>.</p>
            <p>3. Interpessoal: emprega comunica&#231;&#227;o emp&#225;tica, comunica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o violenta, faz
                     fluir a comunica&#231;&#227;o entre as partes, coteja as vis&#245;es morais e d&#225;
                     aceitabilidade aos valores &#233;ticos e legais.</p>
            <p>O dom&#237;nio da <italic>expertise</italic> anti-CBL tem sido alvo de discuss&#227;o
                        internacional<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
							<sup>,</sup>
							<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. A certifica&#231;&#227;o por sociedade de
                     especialidade ou por p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o &#233; atraente e deve ser projetada entre n&#243;s.
                     Contudo, &#233; campo que admite o modo informal do caso a caso com supervis&#227;o na
                     eterna sala de aula sobre obriga&#231;&#245;es e deveres chamada beira do leito.</p>
            <p>Pela troca interdisciplinar, os membros desenvolvem um formato de objetivos,
                     pap&#233;is e m&#233;todos que &#233; distinto do que cada um est&#225; acostumado na rotineira
                     atua&#231;&#227;o profissional.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Disponibilidade de tempo e facilidade de acionamento</title>
            <p>O CTB necessita estar dispon&#237;vel. Al&#233;m de ser importante fator de ader&#234;ncia, a
                     presteza do "presente!" evita a&#231;&#245;es e rea&#231;&#245;es precipitadas, essencialmente
                     emocionais, que prejudicam a resolubilidade, levam ao agravamento da crise,
                     inclusive estimulam radicaliza&#231;&#245;es e, ademais, comprometem nomes e imagens
                     profissionais e institucionais - transit&#243;ria ou permanentemente.</p>
            <p>A oportunidade do acionamento, al&#233;m da cl&#225;ssica natureza presencial, conta com
                     as facilidades de contato pelas tecnologias da informa&#231;&#227;o e da
                     telecomunica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            <p>A sequ&#234;ncia de acompanhamento &#233; guiada pelo <italic>timing</italic> da
                     utilidade. H&#225; situa&#231;&#245;es exigentes de resolu&#231;&#227;o mais imediata (paciente
                     Testemunha de Jeov&#225; em emerg&#234;ncia cir&#250;rgica numa dissec&#231;&#227;o de aorta) e h&#225;
                     situa&#231;&#245;es que requerem um processo mais demorado de an&#225;lise e negocia&#231;&#227;o (casos
                     em que o cerne da quest&#227;o &#233; o diagn&#243;stico diferencial dif&#237;cil por atipias de
                     manifesta&#231;&#227;o).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Atributos pessoais</title>
            <p>O poder e a influ&#234;ncia dos membros devem se manter autorregulados. Seus valores
                     n&#227;o devem ser impositivos, e seus passos precisam ser claramente reconhecidos
                     como guiados por combina&#231;&#227;o de toler&#226;ncia (entendida como algo que se poderia
                     impedir no campo da opini&#227;o), paci&#234;ncia (no sentido de tranquilidade e
                     perseveran&#231;a), compaix&#227;o, humildade e integridade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Suporte institucional</title>
            <p>A contrapartida institucional ao comprometimento volunt&#225;rio dos membros do CTB
                     &#233; o compromisso com o suporte de necessidades b&#225;sicas, incluindo:</p>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Independ&#234;ncia de press&#245;es desabonadoras da integridade.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Compensa&#231;&#227;o de hor&#225;rios de trabalho.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Intera&#231;&#227;o fluida com o coordenador.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Facilidades de acesso &#224; literatura.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Aux&#237;lio &#224; educa&#231;&#227;o continuada.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Educa&#231;&#227;o</title>
            <p>A intera&#231;&#227;o do CTB com os envolvidos em uma CBL, direta ou indiretamente, o
                     registro das ocorr&#234;ncias e dos resultados obtidos e os perfis dos envolvidos
                     abrangem corol&#225;rios educativos e est&#237;mulo a pesquisas:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <p>Reconhecimento do momento conveniente para acionar.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Prud&#234;ncia antes da consultoria.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Apreens&#227;o do racional processual.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Habituar-se aos passos costumeiros.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Dom&#237;nio de t&#233;cnicas para evita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Dom&#237;nio de t&#233;cnicas para se antecipar.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>Estudos sobre consultas de natureza &#233;tica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> e a viv&#234;ncia brasileira nos conselhos de medicina indicam que o
                     principal objetivo pedag&#243;gico referente aos dois &#250;ltimos itens &#233; a boa pr&#225;tica
                     da comunica&#231;&#227;o oral e escrita.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Tornar a solicita&#231;&#227;o mais compreens&#237;vel</title>
            <p>Etapa pr&#233;-mobiliza&#231;&#227;o &#233; o CTB certificar-se de que a quest&#227;o encaminhada se
                     enquadra no conceito de CBL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>.</p>
            <p>N&#227;o infrequentemente, os casos envolvem dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico diferencial do
                     n&#237;vel cr&#237;tico do impasse e suscitam uma discuss&#227;o preliminar esclarecedora sob
                     distintos &#226;ngulos pelos quais s&#227;o analis&#225;veis falhas no diagn&#243;stico, no
                     tratamento, na preven&#231;&#227;o e na comunica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Definir a relev&#226;ncia</title>
            <p>As boas pr&#225;ticas em cardiologia d&#227;o respostas proporcionais &#224; gravidade do
                     quadro cl&#237;nico. Da mesma forma, &#233; prioridade do CTB o conflito em situa&#231;&#227;o de
                     evidente amea&#231;a &#224; vida do paciente.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Expandir a informa&#231;&#227;o e preencher lacunas</title>
            <p>O movimento &#233; o de um bumerangue. O problema parte da beira do leito e a ela
                     retorna como solu&#231;&#227;o, idealmente. A efici&#234;ncia do trajeto de ida e volta n&#227;o
                     pode deixar de contar com uma independente confirma&#231;&#227;o ou aquisi&#231;&#227;o de
                     sequ&#234;ncias de informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Conciliar sistematiza&#231;&#227;o e brevidade</title>
            <p>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es breves tendem a ser mais aplicadas pelo <italic>staff</italic>
                     cardiol&#243;gico na assist&#234;ncia &#224; urg&#234;ncia/emerg&#234;ncia do portador de cardiopatia.
                     Contudo, os membros do CTB n&#227;o podem deixar de atender sistematiza&#231;&#245;es anti-CBL
                     validadas, nem sempre resultantes em imediatismo, muito embora procurem dar o
                     ritmo de mais poss&#237;vel brevidade &#224; resolu&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Integrar &#233;tica, moral e legalidade ao processo de consultoria</title>
          <p>O CTB tem de acreditar que est&#225; atuando de modo imparcial por estrita obedi&#234;ncia a
                  leis, c&#243;digos e normas. &#201; neutralidade que n&#227;o admite julgamentos moralizantes nem
                  conflitos de interesse, nem hesita&#231;&#245;es em reformular o curso da orienta&#231;&#227;o e,
                  muito menos, que sempre haver&#225; uma resposta adequada.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>A cardiologia no Brasil ampliou-se na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e secund&#225;ria. Mais
               conhecimentos dos eventos permitiram mais controle dos riscos em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o
               pluri&#233;tnica e multicultural. Ajustes de h&#225;bitos lideram recomenda&#231;&#245;es preventivas.
               N&#227;o &#233; diferente perante o potencial de insatisfa&#231;&#245;es e de conflitos.</p>
        <p>O CTB refor&#231;a o valor do h&#225;bito de combinar empatia, reflex&#227;o, profissionalismo e
                  confian&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, a chamada compet&#234;ncia
               narrativa, que eleva o n&#237;vel da compreens&#227;o cognitiva, simb&#243;lica e afetiva da
               comunica&#231;&#227;o verbal e n&#227;o verbal. A supervis&#227;o - individualidade a individualidade dos
               casos - inclui proposi&#231;&#245;es conceituais e contribui para o aperfei&#231;oamento do
               "conhece-te e a ti mesmo e ao outro", o que d&#225; sentido e valor ao estilo do
               cardiologista no meio ambiente &#224; beira do leito. Em outras palavras, ajuda na
               constru&#231;&#227;o da mem&#243;ria sobre os passos j&#225; vivenciados pelo cardiologista, &#233; eficaz
               para a boa qualidade da "ecologia" &#224; beira do leito, que reduz o risco de CBL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e
                  Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Grinberg
                  M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
