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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">mhTK76ztFpfDtYnYSnvRH5t</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014001900001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2014000700001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140111</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Regarding Hypertension Treatment are we following Worldwide
               Tendencies?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goiania</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Goi&#225;s</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de
                  da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goiania, Goi&#225;s -
                  Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga Jardim,</bold> Rua 115-F n 135, Setor
               Sul. Postal Code 74085-300, Goiania, GO - Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>fvjardim.ufg@gmail.com</email>, <email>fvjardim@terra.com.br</email>
           </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>103</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>01</fpage>
      <lpage>03</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertension/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Antihypertensive drugs /diagnostic use</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug Combinations</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="1"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Between July 2012 and March 2014, the Department of Arterial Hypertension of the Brazilian
         Society of Cardiology prepared and published four documents addressing some specific
         aspects on hypertension care<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Similarly, between July 2013 and January 2014, major
         international institutions also produced documents updating their guidelines regarding
            hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. Some of the Brazilian documents were published before the
         international ones, while others were published concurrently.</p>
    <p>The first Brazilian document, published in 2012, addressed resistant arterial
            hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, and extensive review of the
         subject was performed based on evidence available at the time. In addition to definition,
         care with diagnosis and possible causes, there was a concern regarding that most cases are,
         in fact, pseudo-resistant cases, mainly caused by lack of adherence, while highlighting the
         importance of possible secondary hypertension. The document finally proposed treatment that
         included the classic and known - but almost always overlooked - nonpharmacological
         treatment and an objective indication of pharmacological treatment, which takes into
         account the use of full doses of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
         system (ACEI or ARB), of a calcium channel antagonist and long-acting, of a thiazide
         diuretic and, as a fourth drug, proposed the use of spironolactone. The following was the
         indication of a beta-blocker with vasodilating action or a drug with central action.</p>
    <p>When comparing the Brazilian document with the guidelines published in 2013 and 2014 by
            ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, JNC-8 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>, ASH / ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> and CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, no significant differences were observed; however,
         it was verified that the ESH/ESC and the CHEP documents did not have specific
         recommendations for resistant hypertension, suggesting only the conventional algorithm. The
         JNC-8 and ASH/ ISH documents propose as a fourth drug the free choice between aldosterone
         antagonist, beta-blockers or drug with central action. In fact, as described in the
         Brazilian document, there is no definitive evidence on the fourth drug to be used, and a
         true Brazilian ongoing multicenter study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, which is
         at the final stages of implementation, should partially answer this question, at least
         regarding this aspect.</p>
    <p>The second document was published in mid-2013, dealing specifically with the care of
         hypertensive diabetic patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>, and was also
         published before the international documents. On this subject there are major differences
         between the several guidelines (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>), although
         they are actually small details that will ultimately have a minor effect on the final
         result.</p>
    <table-wrap id="t01">
      <label>Table 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Comparison between documents for patients with type 2 diabetes</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Document</th>
            <th>Target BP</th>
            <th>Target HbA1C</th>
            <th>Target LDL-CT</th>
            <th>Initial drug</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">DHA/SBC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref></td>
            <td>130 x 80</td>
            <td>&lt; 7%</td>
            <td>&lt; 100 without CVD</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&lt; 70 &gt; 40 years</td>
            <td>CCA/DIUR</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&lt; 70 with CVD</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref></td>
            <td>140 x 80-85</td>
            <td>&lt; 7%</td>
            <td>&lt; 115 mod/high CVR</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&lt; 70 with CVD</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">JNC-8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref></td>
            <td>&lt;140 x 90</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>CCA/DIUR</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">ASH/ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref></td>
            <td>&lt;140 x 90</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref></td>
            <td>&lt; 130 x 80</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>-</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>CCA/DIUR</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">ADA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref></td>
            <td>&lt; 140 x 80</td>
            <td>&lt; 7%</td>
            <td>&lt; 100 low CVR</td>
            <td>ACEI/ARB</td>
          </tr>
          <tr align="center">
            <td align="left">&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
            <td>&lt; 70 with CVD</td>
            <td>&#160;</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn>
          <p>ACC: calcium channel antagonist; ADA: American Diabetes Association; ASH: American
                  Society of Hypertension; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker II; CHEP: Canadian
                  Hypertension Education Program; DHA-SBC: Department of Arterial Hypertension of
                  SBC; DIUR: diuretics; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; ESH: European Society
                  of Hypertension; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme
                  inhibitor; ISH: International Society of Hypertension; JNC-8: 8 Joint National
                  Committee; LDL-CT: LDL cholesterol; BP: blood pressure; CVR: cardiovascular risk;
                  CVD: cardiovascular disease.</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>The Brazilian guidelines define a target BP of around 130 x 80 mmHg, a value that was also
         adopted by CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> in their document published in
         early 2014. The ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> document defined a BP
         target of 140 x 80-85. The American Diabetes Association (ADA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> defined a target BP &lt; 140 x 80 mmHg, while JNC-8 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref> and ASH/ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
         defined a target BP &lt; 140 x 90 mmHg for this group. The preferred drugs were also
         defined, with ACE inhibitors or ARBs being mandatory for diabetics with kidney dysfunction,
         whereas any one of four classes (ACEIs, ARBs, diuretics, calcium channel antagonists) were
         also defined for those without kidney dysfunction. When in combination, ARBs or ACE
         inhibitors with calcium channel antagonists showed to be advantageous, although ACE
         inhibitors or ARBs associated with diuretics can also be used.</p>
    <p>As complementary drugs, beta-blockers and drugs with central action are part of the
         associations. JNC-8 and CHEP make the same recommendations as the Brazilian document does
         for drug use. The initial use of ACEI or ARB for all diabetics is recommended by ESH/ASH,
         ASH/ISH and ADA, and, regarding the drug association, the recommendations are similar to
         the others. Additionally, the Brazilian document established targets for glycemic control
         (HbA1c &lt; 7%), similar to that proposed by the ESH/ESC and the ADA, while the JNC-8, ASH/
         ISH and CHEP did not address this issue. Targets for blood lipid control (LDL &lt; 100
         mg/dL for those age &lt; 40 years without CVD and &lt; 70 mg/dL for those aged &gt; 40
         years and with CVD) have also been defined.</p>
    <p>Similarly, ESH/ESC and ADA established the same values for LDL-CT for patients with
         associated CVD (LDL-CT &lt; 70 mg/dL), whereas target LDL-CT &lt; 115 mg/dL was established
         for diabetics with moderate to high risk by ESH / ESC and the ADA established LDL-TC &lt;
         100 mg/dL for those with low risk. The JNC-8, ASH / ISH and CHEP documents did not address
         these aspects, either.</p>
    <p>The third issue revised by DHA / SBC is associated with pre-hypertension, white-coat
         hypertension and masked hypertension, and appeared in ABC in early 20143. Conceptual,
         diagnostic, prognostic, and, finally, conduct aspects were discussed. In all cases,
         recommendations were made regarding an accurate diagnosis, special attention to the
         identified cases and conduct; all of them received indication for lifestyle changes with
         frequent monitoring. With regard to drug therapy, the same therapeutic regimen used in
         common hypertensive patients was indicated for those with masked hypertension.</p>
    <p>For individuals with white-coat hypertension, careful monitoring was indicated without the
         use of drugs, while leaving open the possibility of careful drug management for individuals
         with very high risk or target-organ injury. As for patients with prehypertension, according
         to the existing evidence, they did not receive an indication for drug treatment, while
         leaving open the possibility of this indication in selected cases only, in patients at high
         cardiovascular risk, with diabetes or established renal injury, always dependent on
         individualized medical decision. Additionally, in these cases, a large study being carried
         out in Brazil aims to answer the question of whether or not antihypertensive drugs should
         be used at low doses in this group of patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
    <p>Again, the DHA document is absolutely consistent with the ESH/ESC one. The ASH / ISH
         document makes a passing reference to prehypertension and also indicates the
         non-pharmacological treatment for these cases. Moreover, it does not make any comments
         about white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension. The JNC-8 and the CHEP do not
         mention this issue in their documents.</p>
    <p>Finally, the last DHA publication describes a matter of considerable interest, which is the
         combination of drugs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. This document is absolutely
         in line with all the others and, moreover, gives recommendations on the use of
         associations, clearly, didactically and based on all available evidence. This type of
         information will certainly facilitate medical practices, allowing better treatment
         options.</p>
    <p>Therefore, one can see that the Brazilian scientific community has been consistently
         working, using the existing information in an up-to-date manner and aligned with other
         international organizations that deal with this issue. There are small differences in
         documents related to diabetic patients and they are present in all guidelines,
         demonstrating that it is not different information, but the lack of definitive information
         that ultimately leads to this diversity of options.</p>
    <p>Finally, it is worth a reflection, emphasizing what is defined in several publications in
         their closing remarks. All of them seek to provide support to good medical practice, based
         on the set of the best currently available scientific information. However, no guideline
         can replace clinical judgment and careful medical management targeted for each specific
         type of patient, based on the principles of science and bioethics.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Nos Cuidados com a Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Estamos Alinhados
               com o Mundo?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goiania</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Goi&#225;s</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de
                  da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goiania, Goi&#225;s -
                  Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo C&#233;sar B. Veiga Jardim,</bold> Rua 115-F n 135, Setor
               Sul. CEP 74085-300, Goiania, GO - Brasil. E-mail:
                  <email>fvjardim.ufg@gmail.com</email>, <email>fvjardim@terra.com.br</email>
           </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o / tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Anti-Hipertensivos / uso diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Combina&#231;&#227;o de Medicamentos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Entre julho de 2012 e mar&#231;o de 2014, o Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Sociedade
            Brasileira de Cardiologia elaborou e publicou quatro documentos abordando alguns
            aspectos espec&#237;ficos sobre os cuidados com a hipertens&#227;o arterial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Da mesma
            maneira, entre julho de 2013 e janeiro de 2014, as principais institui&#231;&#245;es
            internacionais tamb&#233;m elaboraram documentos atualizando suas orienta&#231;&#245;es gerais com
            rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. Alguns dos documentos brasileiros antecederam os
            internacionais, enquanto outros foram publicados concomitantemente.</p>
      <p>O primeiro documento brasileiro, publicado ainda em 2012, abordou a Hipertens&#227;o Arterial
               Resistente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, e foi feita extensa revis&#227;o sobre
            o assunto com base nas evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis na oportunidade. Al&#233;m de defini&#231;&#227;o,
            cuidados com o diagn&#243;stico e poss&#237;veis causas, houve a preocupa&#231;&#227;o de ressaltar que a
            maioria dos casos &#233;, na verdade, de pseudorresist&#234;ncia ocasionada, principalmente, pela
            falta de ades&#227;o, sem deixar de destacar a import&#226;ncia de uma poss&#237;vel hipertens&#227;o
            secund&#225;ria. O documento, finalmente, fez uma proposta de tratamento que incluiu o
            cl&#225;ssico e conhecido - mas quase sempre relegado a segundo plano - tratamento n&#227;o
            medicamentoso e uma indica&#231;&#227;o objetiva de tratamento farmacol&#243;gico, que leva em
            considera&#231;&#227;o a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de doses plenas de f&#225;rmacos que inibem o sistema renina
            angiotensina aldosterona (IECA ou BRA) de um antagonista dos canais de c&#225;lcio de longa
            a&#231;&#227;o, de um diur&#233;tico tiaz&#237;dico e, como quarto f&#225;rmaco, prop&#244;s a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da
            espironolactona. Como passo seguinte foi indicado um betabloqueador com a&#231;&#227;o
            vasodilatadora ou uma droga de a&#231;&#227;o central.</p>
      <p>Comparando o documento brasileiro com as diretrizes publicadas em 2013 e 2014 por
               ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, JNC-8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>, ASH/ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> e CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, n&#227;o observamos diferen&#231;as significativas,
            verificando apenas que os documentos da ESH/ESC e do CHEP n&#227;o apresentam recomenda&#231;&#245;es
            espec&#237;ficas para a hipertens&#227;o resistente, apenas sugerindo o algoritmo convencional. Os
            documentos do JNC-8 e da ASH/ISH prop&#245;em como quarto f&#225;rmaco uma escolha livre entre
            antagonista da aldosterona, betabloqueador ou droga de a&#231;&#227;o central. Na verdade, como &#233;
            descrito no pr&#243;prio posicionamento brasileiro, n&#227;o h&#225; evid&#234;ncias definitivas sobre o
            quarto f&#225;rmaco a ser utilizado, e um estudo multic&#234;ntrico genuinamente brasileiro<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, que est&#225; em fase final de execu&#231;&#227;o, deve
            responder parcialmente a tal questionamento, pelo menos no que diz respeito a esse
            aspecto.</p>
      <p>O segundo documento foi publicado em meados de 2013, tratando especificamente dos
            cuidados com o Hipertenso Diab&#233;tico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>, e tamb&#233;m
            aconteceu anteriormente &#224;s publica&#231;&#245;es internacionais. Sobre esse tema existem as
            maiores diferen&#231;as entre as diversas diretrizes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela
               1</xref>), apesar de, na realidade, serem detalhes que ao final pouco v&#227;o interferir
            no resultado final.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o entre os documentos para pacientes com diabetes tipo 2</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left"> Documento</th>
              <th>Meta PA</th>
              <th>Meta HbA1C</th>
              <th>Meta LDL-CT</th>
              <th>Droga inicial</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">DHA/SBC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref></td>
              <td>130 x 80</td>
              <td>&lt; 7%</td>
              <td>&lt; 100 sem DCV</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 70 &gt; 40 anos</td>
              <td>ACC/DIUR</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 70 com DCV</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref></td>
              <td>140 x 80-85</td>
              <td>&lt; 7%</td>
              <td>&lt; 115 mod/alto RCV</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 70 com DCV</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">JNC-8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref></td>
              <td>&lt; 140 x 90</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>ACC/DIUR</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">ASH/ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref></td>
              <td>&lt;140 x 90</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref></td>
              <td>&lt; 130 x 80</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>ACC/DIUR</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">ADA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref></td>
              <td>&lt; 140 x 80</td>
              <td>&lt; 7%</td>
              <td>&lt; 100 baixo RCV</td>
              <td>IECA/BRA</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left"/>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 70 com DCV</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>ACC: antagonista dos canais de c&#225;lcio; ADA: American Diabetes Association; ASH:
                     American Society of Hypertension; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina
                     II; CHEP: Canadian Hypertension Education Program; DHA-SBC: Departamento de
                     Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da SBC; DIUR: diur&#233;tico; ESC: European Society of
                     Cardiology; ESH: European Society of Hypertension; HbA1C: hemoglobina glicada;
                     IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina; ISH: International Society
                     of Hypertension; JNC-8: 8 Joint National Committee; LDL-CT LDL colesterol; PA:
                     press&#227;o arterial.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>O posicionamento brasileiro define metas de PA em torno de 130 &#215; 80 mmHg, valor que foi
            tamb&#233;m adotado pela CHEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> em seu documento
            publicado no in&#237;cio de 2014. O documento da ESH/ESC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref> definiu metas de 140 &#215; 80-85. A American Diabetes Association (ADA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> estabeleceu metas de PA &lt; 140 &#215; 80 mmHg,
            enquanto JNC-8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref> e ASH/ISH<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> definiram metas de PA &lt; 140 &#215; 90 mmHg para esse grupo. Foram
            definidas tamb&#233;m as drogas preferenciais, sendo os IECAs ou BRAs mandat&#243;rios para os
            diab&#233;ticos com altera&#231;&#245;es renais, e qualquer uma das quatro classes (IECA, BRA,
            diur&#233;ticos, antagonistas dos canais de c&#225;lcio) para aqueles sem les&#227;o renal. Quando em
            associa&#231;&#227;o, os IECAs ou BRAs com antagonistas dos canais de c&#225;lcio foram apresentados
            como vantajosos, mas tamb&#233;m podem ser utilizados os IECAs ou BRAs associados aos
            diur&#233;ticos. Como f&#225;rmacos complementares, os betabloqueadores e as drogas de a&#231;&#227;o
            central entram nas associa&#231;&#245;es. JNC-8 e CHEP fazem a mesma recomenda&#231;&#227;o que o documento
            brasileiro para o uso de f&#225;rmacos. O uso inicial de IECA ou BRA para todos os diab&#233;ticos
            &#233; preconizado por ESH/ASH, ASH/ISH e ADA, sendo que para a associa&#231;&#227;o a orienta&#231;&#227;o &#233;
            semelhante &#224; dos demais. Adicionalmente, o documento brasileiro estabeleceu metas para o
            controle de glicemia (HbA1C &lt;7%), valor semelhante ao proposto pela ESH/ESC e pela
            ADA, enquanto o JNC-8, a ASH/ISH e o CHEP n&#227;o abordaram esse assunto. Tamb&#233;m foram
            definidas metas para controle de lip&#237;deos sangu&#237;neos (LDL colesterol &lt;100 mg/dL para
            aqueles com &lt; 40 anos sem DCV e &lt; 70 mg/dL para aqueles com &gt; 40 anos e com
            DCV). Da mesma forma, ESH/ESC e ADA estabeleceram os mesmos valores para LDL-CT para os
            pacientes com DCV associada (LDL-CT &lt; 70 mg/dL), e para os diab&#233;ticos de moderado a
            alto risco foi estabelecida meta de LDL-CT &lt; 115 mg/dL pela ESH/ESC, enquanto a ADA
            estabeleceu valores de LDL-CT &lt; 100 mg/dL para os de baixo risco. Os documentos de
            JNC-8, ASH/ISH e CHEP tamb&#233;m n&#227;o focalizaram esses aspectos.</p>
      <p>O terceiro tema revisto pelo DHA/SBC est&#225; relacionado com Pr&#233;-Hipertens&#227;o, Hipertens&#227;o
            do Avental Branco e Hipertens&#227;o Mascarada, e apareceu no ABC no in&#237;cio de 2014<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Foram abordados aspectos conceituais, de
            diagn&#243;stico, progn&#243;stico e, finalmente, de conduta. Em todos os casos houve orienta&#231;&#227;o
            para o diagn&#243;stico preciso, aten&#231;&#227;o especial aos casos identificados e com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;
            conduta; para todos foram indicadas mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida com acompanhamento
            frequente. Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica medicamentosa, foi feita indica&#231;&#227;o do mesmo esquema
            terap&#234;utico dos hipertensos comuns para aqueles com hipertens&#227;o mascarada. Para os
            indiv&#237;duos com HA do avental branco foi indicado acompanhamento cuidadoso sem uso de
            medicamentos, ficando aberta a possibilidade de abordagem criteriosa com drogas para os
            indiv&#237;duos com risco muito elevado ou les&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo. Para os pacientes com
            pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o, de acordo com as evid&#234;ncias existentes, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi indicado
            tratamento medicamentoso, deixando espa&#231;o para essa indica&#231;&#227;o apenas em casos
            selecionados, em indiv&#237;duos com alto risco cardiovascular, diabetes ou les&#227;o renal
            estabelecida, sempre dependente de decis&#227;o m&#233;dica individualizada. Tamb&#233;m nesses casos,
            grande estudo originado no Brasil busca responder &#224; quest&#227;o do uso ou n&#227;o de
            anti-hipertensivos em baixas doses nesse grupo de pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. Novamente, o documento do DHA &#233; absolutamente concordante com o
            da ESH/ESC. O documento da ASH/ISH faz r&#225;pida refer&#234;ncia &#224; pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o e tamb&#233;m
            indica o tratamento n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico para esses casos. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o tece qualquer
            coment&#225;rio sobre hipertens&#227;o do avental branco e hipertens&#227;o mascarada. O JNC-8 e o CHEP
            n&#227;o fazem qualquer alus&#227;o a essa quest&#227;o em seus documentos.</p>
      <p>Finalmente, a &#250;ltima publica&#231;&#227;o do DHA descreve um tema de bastante interesse, que &#233; a
            Combina&#231;&#227;o de Drogas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Esse documento &#233;
            absolutamente alinhado com todos os demais e, al&#233;m disso, d&#225; orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre o uso das
            associa&#231;&#245;es de maneira clara, did&#225;tica e com base no conjunto das evid&#234;ncias existentes.
            Esse tipo de esclarecimento por certo facilitar&#225; as condutas m&#233;dicas, possibilitando
            melhores op&#231;&#245;es de tratamento.</p>
      <p>Vemos, portanto, que a comunidade cient&#237;fica brasileira tem trabalhado de maneira
            coerente, utilizando as informa&#231;&#245;es existentes de maneira moderna e alinhada com os
            demais organismos internacionais que tratam da quest&#227;o. Nos documentos relacionados aos
            diab&#233;ticos, existem pequenas diferen&#231;as, e elas est&#227;o presentes em todas as diretrizes,
            demostrando que n&#227;o &#233; a informa&#231;&#227;o diferente, mas a falta de informa&#231;&#227;o definitiva que
            acaba por ocasionar essa variedade de op&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      <p>Finalizando, vale a pena uma reflex&#227;o, dando destaque ao que &#233; definido nas diversas
            publica&#231;&#245;es em suas considera&#231;&#245;es finais. Todas buscam fornecer subs&#237;dios para uma boa
            conduta m&#233;dica, com base no conjunto das melhores informa&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas dispon&#237;veis.
            Entretanto, nenhuma orienta&#231;&#227;o substitui o julgamento cl&#237;nico e a conduta m&#233;dica
            criteriosa orientada para cada tipo espec&#237;fico de paciente, com base nos princ&#237;pios da
            ci&#234;ncia e da bio&#233;tica.</p>
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  </sub-article>
</article>
