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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Fqj6sSjNQN3DTQyYxv7VxYc</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000600014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140076</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 4 / 2014 - 15-year-old Patient with Atrial Septal Aneurysm, Right Bundle Branch Block and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik</institution>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailling Address: Edmar Atik,</bold> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail:   <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e57</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Atrial Septal Aneurysm</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Bundle-branch Block</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="1"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Clinical data:</bold> It was reported, one month earlier, that after physical exertion for three hours and at ambient temperature of 42&#186;C, symptoms of malaise and tachycardia with precordial palpitations arose. At the moment, fibrilo-flutter atrial with 160 bpm heart rate was diagnosed, which was reverted after administering endovenous amiodarone. Initial diagnostic investigation revealed presence of atrial septal defect (ASD) with 16mm diameter and surgical correction was indicated. Overall, the patient was asymptomatic, in full physical and mental activity. No relevant morbid history was reported.</p>
    <p><bold>Physical examination:</bold> Eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulse. Weight: 45 Kg, Height: 158 cm, BP: 100/65 mmHg, HR: 82 bpm, saturation O<sub>2</sub> = 96%. Aorta was not palpable at suprasternal notch.</p>
    <p>In the precordium, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> was not palpable and there were mild systolic impulses on the left sternal border. Heart sounds were normophonetic and mild systolic murmur was auscultated, + of intensity, rough, on the upper left sternal border, without thrill. Liver was not palpable.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Complementary tests</title>
      <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>) showed sinus rhythm and Full Right Bundle Branch Block (CRBBB) and Left Bundle Branch Anterior Superior Hemiblock (LAHB). QRS complex duration was of 0.13' with rsr' morphology in V1 and RS in V6, with negative T wave in V1 and V2. AP: +30&#186;, AQRS: -30&#186;, AT: 0&#186;.</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm enhances CRBBB and LAHB and chest radiography shows elements of normality</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0e57-40076-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Chest radiography:</bold> Shows normal heart region and vascular markings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Imaging tests:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>) Bi-Doppler Echocardiogram showed heart chambers with normal size and function. It was visualized in multiple projections, in the middle of interatrial septum, an aneurysm with convexity directed to the right, with a 20 mm distance in length between borders, without interatrial communication. Transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed this imaging, such as the magnetic nuclear resonance. There were no myocardial abnormality and/or signs of fibrosis.</p>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Transesophageal echocardiogram enhances atrial septal aneurysm (arrow) in the middle of septum with convexity to the right, with normal heart chambers in A and B. In longitudinal cross-sectional view, in C, heart chambers are normal, and you can also view the atrial septal aneurysm (arrow) with normal right ventricle in RNM in D.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0e57-40076-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Interatrial septal aneurysm with full right bundle branch block, left bundle branch anterior superior block in asymptomatic patient with previous atrial fibrillation.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> Clinical elements were compatible with the diagnosis initially established of ASD reporting a mild systolic murmur on the upper left sternal border, along with CRBBB. Chest radiography, however, discarded this possibility and especially the diagnostic imaging tests. It is worth noting that, in the presence of ASD, both CRBBB and persistent or paroxysm atrial fibrillation usually occur in adulthood and in defects with great repercussion, and LAHB is rarely found in this context. Interatrial septal aneurysm is commonly found in asymptomatic patients and causes no symptoms, except the possibility of progressive thrombosis and systemic embolism in adulthood. With this analysis, heart murmur found was reported as functional and other findings, characterized as congenital and with genetic predisposition or acquired for episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which began recently.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Anatomical and electrical findings without clinical repercussion in this patient are not supported to characterize them as belonging to an associated syndrome or a characteristic clinical profile because in clinical practice we usually find them in isolated episodes. However, atrial aneurysm is being recently found and reported in association with CRBBB and atrial fibrillation in approximately 30% of cases. LAHB, on the other hand, is not described in this association.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Since the findings caused no repercussion, including evolutionary problems in the short and medium term, the recommendation was for regular follow-up without limitation of usual activities. Regarding the recent atrial fibrillation, there was guidance on the use of adrenergic beta-blocker.</p>
      <p><bold>Comments:</bold> In children and young patients, findings in this case must be seen as precursors of evolutionary problems that may arise after a few decades of life. They are primarily represented by systemic embolisms as a result of atrial thrombosis, arrhythmias such as atrial reentry tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, primarily in the presence of large atrial septal aneurysms. Therefore, there is no need for concern at earlier ages. More accurate diagnostic aspects may characterize this association as mutually dependent changes. Moreover, CRBBB in childhood and teenagehood could be a relevant indicator to motivate the search for abnormalities in atrial septum as it occurs in ASD, POF or aneurysm, changes found in approximately 80% of these cases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. In this context, it is unknown the association of LAHB, found in this patient. It is considered for correcting atrial aneurysm, generally percutaneous, when the patient is symptomatic in adulthood.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Reference</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Bakalli A, Ko&#231;inaj D, Georgievska-Ismail L, Bekteshi T, Pllana E, Sejdiu B. Right bundle branch block as a marker for interatrial septal abnormalities. Cardiol Young. 2012;22(1):18-25.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bakalli</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ko&#231;inaj</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Georgievska-Ismail</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bekteshi</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pllana</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sejdiu</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Right bundle branch block as a marker for interatrial septal abnormalities</article-title>
          <source>Cardiol Young</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>22</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>18</fpage>
          <lpage>25</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Caso 4 / 2014 - Jovem de 15 Anos com Aneurisma do Septo Atrial, Bloqueio do Ramo Direito e Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Parox&#237;stica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik,</bold> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>,   <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Aneurisma septo atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Bloqueio de ramo</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos:</bold> Refere que, h&#225; um m&#234;s, ap&#243;s exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico prolongado com tr&#234;s horas de dura&#231;&#227;o e em vig&#234;ncia de temperatura ambiental de 42&#186;C, surgiram sintomas de mal-estar e de taquicardia com palpita&#231;&#245;es precordiais. Na ocasi&#227;o, foi diagnosticado   <italic>fibrilo-flutter</italic> atrial com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 160 bpm que reverteu ap&#243;s uso de amiodarona endovenosa. Investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica inicial revelou presen&#231;a de comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial (CIA) com 16 mm de di&#226;metro e indicado corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica. Ademais, mostrava-se assintom&#225;tico, em franca atividade f&#237;sica e mental. N&#227;o apresentava passado m&#243;rbido de import&#226;ncia.</p>
      <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico:</bold> Eupneico, acian&#243;tico, pulsos normais. Peso: 45 Kg, Altura: 158 cm, PA: 100/65 mmHg, FC: 82 bpm, satura&#231;&#227;o O<sub>2</sub> = 96%. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
      <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado e havia impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas discretas na borda esternal esquerda. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e auscultava-se sopro sist&#243;lico discreto, + de intensidade, timbre rude, na borda esternal esquerda alta, sem fr&#234;mito. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Exames complementares</title>
        <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>) Mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de Bloqueio Completo do Ramo Direito (BCRD) e Hemibloqueio da Divis&#227;o Anterossuperior do Ramo Esquerdo (HBAE). A dura&#231;&#227;o do complexo QRS era de 0,13' com morfologia rsr' em V1 e RS em V6, com onda T negativa em V1 e V2. AP: +30&#186;, AQRS: -30&#186;, AT: 0&#186;.</p>
        <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eletrocardiograma em ritmo sinusal salienta o BCRD e HBAE e a radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra elementos de normalidade</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0e57-40076-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca e trama vascular pulmonar normais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Exames de imagem:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 2</xref>) Ecocardiograma bi-Doppler mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas de tamanho e fun&#231;&#227;o normais. Em v&#225;rias proje&#231;&#245;es foi visibilizado, no meio do septo interatrial, aneurisma com convexidade dirigida para a direita, com dist&#226;ncia de 20 mm de extens&#227;o entre as bordas, sem comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial. Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico confirmou essa imagem, assim como a resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica. N&#227;o se evidenciou nenhuma altera&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e/ou sinais de fibrose.</p>
        <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico salienta o aneurisma do septo atrial (seta) no meio do septo com convexidade para a direita, com cavidades card&#237;acas normais em A e B. Em corte longitudinal em eixo longo, em C, as cavidades card&#237;acas s&#227;o normais, e visibiliza-se tamb&#233;m o aneurisma do septo atrial (seta) com ventr&#237;culo direito normal na RNM em D.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0e57-40076-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> Aneurisma do septo interatrial com BCRD, bloqueio da divis&#227;o anterossuperior do ramo esquerdo em paciente assintom&#225;tico e com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial pr&#233;via.</p>
        <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> Os elementos cl&#237;nicos eram compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico inicialmente estabelecido de CIA dado que havia sopro sist&#243;lico discreto na borda esternal esquerda alta, acompanhado de bloqueio do ramo direito. A radiografia de t&#243;rax, no entanto, descartou essa possibilidade e principalmente os exames de imagens diagn&#243;sticas. Conv&#233;m lembrar que, em presen&#231;a de CIA, o encontro de BCRD e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial persistente ou parox&#237;stica ocorrem habitualmente na idade adulta e em defeitos com grande repercuss&#227;o, sendo o HBAE raramente encontrado nesse contexto. O aneurisma do septo interatrial &#233; achado de rotina em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos e n&#227;o causa sintomas, exceto a possibilidade evolutiva de trombose e embolia sist&#234;mica na idade adulta. Por essa an&#225;lise, o sopro card&#237;aco encontrado foi rotulado como funcional e os outros achados, caracterizados como cong&#234;nitos e com predisposi&#231;&#227;o gen&#233;tica ou adquirida para epis&#243;dios de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial parox&#237;stica, que se iniciou recentemente.</p>
        <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Os achados anat&#244;micos e el&#233;tricos sem repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica nesse paciente n&#227;o encontram respaldo para caracteriz&#225;-los como pertencentes a alguma s&#237;ndrome associada ou a algum quadro cl&#237;nico caracter&#237;stico porque na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica habitualmente os encontramos em epis&#243;dios isolados. No entanto, o aneurisma atrial est&#225; sendo recentemente encontrado e relatado em associa&#231;&#227;o ao BCRD e &#224; fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial em cerca de 30% dos casos. O HBAE, por seu lado, n&#227;o &#233; descrito nessa associa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Como os achados encontrados n&#227;o causam nenhuma repercuss&#227;o, incluindo problemas evolutivos em curto e m&#233;dio prazos, houve a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de seguimento peri&#243;dico sem limita&#231;&#227;o das atividades usuais. Quanto &#224; fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial recente, houve orienta&#231;&#227;o ao uso de betabloqueador adren&#233;rgico.</p>
        <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> Na crian&#231;a e no jovem, os achados encontrados nesse caso devem ser vistos como precursores de problemas evolutivos que podem surgir ap&#243;s algumas d&#233;cadas de vida. S&#227;o eles representados principalmente por embolias sist&#234;micas como decorr&#234;ncia de trombose atrial, arritmias como taquicardia por reentrada atrial e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial parox&#237;stica, principalmente em presen&#231;a de grandes aneurismas do septo atrial. N&#227;o merecem, por isso, preocupa&#231;&#227;o em faixa et&#225;ria mais precoce. Aspectos diagn&#243;sticos mais acurados talvez possam caracterizar essa associa&#231;&#227;o como altera&#231;&#245;es dependentes entre si. Ali&#225;s, o BCRD deveria ser na inf&#226;ncia e juventude um indicador importante para motivar a procura por alguma anormalidade no septo atrial como ocorre em CIA, FOP ou aneurisma, altera&#231;&#245;es encontradas em cerca de 80% desses casos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Desconhece-se nesse contexto a associa&#231;&#227;o de HBAE, encontrado nesse paciente descrito. Considera-se a indica&#231;&#227;o para corre&#231;&#227;o do aneurisma atrial, em geral percut&#226;nea, quando o paciente se mostra sintom&#225;tico na idade adulta.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
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