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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">HY4wzrKhxyQdq8xsJKZrKDM</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000600013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140078</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction: Drugs Could Alter the Results</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bugan</surname>
            <given-names>Baris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Aksaz</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mugla</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Militar Aksaz - Departamento de Cardiologia, Mugla, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade Militar de Medicina Gulhane</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ancara</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Militar de Medicina Gulhane - Departamento de Cardiologia, Ancara, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Malatya</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Malatya</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Militar Malatya - Departamento de Cardiologia, Malatya - Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Emre Yalcinkaya,</bold> Aksaz Military Hospital Department of Cardiology; Aksaz Asker Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Bolumu, 48750, Aksaz/Marmaris/Mugla - Turkey. Email: <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>613</fpage>
      <lpage>614</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Stroke volume / drug effects</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial function, left</kwd>
        <kwd>Brazil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>To the Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>We read with great interest the article by El Aouar et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, entitled "Relationship between left atrial volume and diastolic dysfunction in 500 Brazilian patients", which was published in the previous issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. The authors<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> aimed to evaluate the relationship between left atrial volume index and different grades of diastolic dysfunction in Brazilian patients submitted to echocardiogram. Although we commend the authors for the detailed and valuable information that they have provided, some comments may be beneficial.</p>
    <p>Diastolic dysfunction is associated with adverse outcomes and its prevalence among hypertensive, hyperlipidemic and diabetic adults is very high<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. It has been shown that lowering blood pressure and heart rate, management of impaired lipid profile and blood glucose could improve diastolic dysfunction<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Also, thyroid dysfunction has been associated with the development of diastolic dysfunction even in patients without underlying heart disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
    <p>Diuretics, ACE inhibitors and angiotension-II receptor antagonists, nitrates and their derivatives, calcium channel blockers, alpha-blockers, nicardipine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce left ventricular filling pressures<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
    <p>Statins could ameliorate diastolic dysfunction by attenuating myocardial interstitial fibrosis and angiogenesis independently of their lipid lowering effects<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
    <p>Thyroid hormonotherapies increase cardiac output by affecting stroke volume and heart rate, and reduce systemic vascular resistance by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; resulting in an improvement in diastolic dysfunction<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
    <p>It has been demonstrated in diabetic cardiomyopathy that eplerenone, the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, has anti-fibrotic effects which could attenuate cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and remodelling as well as diastolic dysfunction<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
    <p>In conclusion, if the medication details which can be associated with diastolic dysfunction had been given, the study would have been more valuable.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. El Aouar LM, Meyerfreud D, Magalh&#227;es P, Rodrigues SL, Baldo MP, Brasil Y, et al. Relationship between left atrial volume and diastolic dysfunction in 500 Brazilian patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;101(1):52-8.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Meyerfreud</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baldo</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brasil</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Relationship between left atrial volume and diastolic dysfunction in 500 Brazilian patients</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>101</volume>
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              <surname>Jorge</surname>
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            </name>
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          <article-title xml:lang="en">Understanding asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction in clinical practice</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
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        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Biondi B. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Heart failure and thyroid dysfunction. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012;167(5):609-18.</mixed-citation>
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          <article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanisms in endocrinology: Heart failure and thyroid dysfunction</article-title>
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        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Mannheim D, Herrmann J, Bonetti PO, Lavi R, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Simvastatin preserves diastolic function in experimental hypercholesterolemia independently of its lipid lowering effect. Atherosclerosis. 2011;216(2):283-91.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Herrmann</surname>
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              <surname>Lerman</surname>
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              <surname>Lerman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Simvastatin preserves diastolic function in experimental hypercholesterolemia independently of its lipid lowering effect</article-title>
          <source>Atherosclerosis</source>
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        <mixed-citation>5. Ram&#237;rez E, Klett-Mingo M, Ares-Carrasco S, Picatoste B, Ferrarini A, Rup&#233;rez FJ, et al. Eplerenone attenuated cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and diastolic dysfunction in experimental type-II diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12:172.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Ram&#237;rez</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Klett-Mingo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ares-Carrasco</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Picatoste</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferrarini</surname>
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              <given-names>FJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Eplerenone attenuated cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and diastolic dysfunction in experimental type-II diabetes</article-title>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Response letter</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aouar</surname>
            <given-names>Lilia M. Mameri El</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>We appreciate your comments in relation to our article. Left ventricular diastolic function depends on a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the heart. Among intrinsic factors, the most important is the amount and arrangement of collagen deposited in the myocardium. Both the synthesis of the different isoforms of collagen, and the form of deposition of these fibers in myocardial interstice and around the coronary vessels, have an important influence on myocardial relaxation rate which leads, from the hemodynamic point of view, by the fall rate of ventricular pressure during relaxation isovolumetric by transmitral flow rate or by the rate of myocardium movement on mitral annullus. The echocardiogram has been a valuable tool in the assessment of diastolic function and, to the extent that the methods of image become more accessible and improved, and the interest of clinical cardiologists is growing in the accurate measurement of myocardial lusitropism. It is important to note that different types of treatments for heart disease (ACE inhibitors, inhibitors of aldosterone receptors, BRA, etc) or associated clinical conditions, such as hypertension, mellitus diabetes, hypothyroidism, among others, are associated with different degrees of diastolic dysfunction. In this respect the available literature is extensive. However, the goal of our work was not to explore the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction, but rather to focus on two aspects: 1) evaluate the relationship between the volume of VAEi (left atrium indexed by body surface area) and the different degrees of diastolic dysfunction in a number of patients on outpatients treatment with preserved or little reduced systolic function and that were submitted to the transthoracic echocardiography examination in a cardiology diagnostic department; 2) identify clinical and echocardiographic variables independently associated to VAEi increase.</p>
      <p>To achieve these goals, the origin and the stage of evolution of diastolic dysfunction are not parameters relevant to the proposed study. However, we consider your comments relevant and they may certainly be used in future substudies within the sample included in our article.</p>
      <p>We appreciate the comments made and the interest in our work.</p>
      <p>Best regards,</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica: Drogas Podem Alterar os Resultados</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bugan</surname>
            <given-names>Baris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Aksaz</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mugla</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Militar Aksaz - Departamento de Cardiologia, Mugla, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade Militar de Medicina Gulhane</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ancara</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Militar de Medicina Gulhane - Departamento de Cardiologia, Ancara, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Malatya</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Malatya</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Militar Malatya - Departamento de Cardiologia, Malatya - Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Emre Yalcinkaya,</bold> Aksaz Military Hospital Department of Cardiology; Aksaz Asker Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Bolumu, 48750, Aksaz/Marmaris/Mugla - Turkey. Email: <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Volume sist&#243;lico / efeitos de drogas</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Fun&#231;&#227;o atrial esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Brasil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Ao editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Lemos com muito interesse o artigo de El Aouar e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, intitulado "Rela&#231;&#227;o entre volume do &#225;trio esquerdo e disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica em 500 pacientes brasileiros", que foi publicado na edi&#231;&#227;o anterior dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Os autores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> tiveram como objetivo avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o &#237;ndice de volume do &#225;trio esquerdo e diferentes graus de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica em pacientes brasileiros submetidos ao ecocardiograma. Embora elogiemos os autores pelas informa&#231;&#245;es detalhadas e valiosas que eles fornecem, alguns coment&#225;rios podem ser ben&#233;ficos.</p>
      <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica est&#225; associada a resultados adversos e sua preval&#234;ncia entre adultos hipertensos, hiperlipid&#234;micos e diab&#233;ticos &#233; muito alta<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Tem sido demonstrado que a redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, a gest&#227;o do perfil lip&#237;dico comprometido e da glicemia poderia melhorar a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Al&#233;m disso, a disfun&#231;&#227;o da tireoide tem sido associada ao desenvolvimento da disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, mesmo em pacientes sem doen&#231;a card&#237;aca subjacente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>Diur&#233;ticos, inibidores ACE e antagonistas do receptor da angiotensina - II, nitratos e os seus derivados, bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio, bloqueadores alfa, nicardipina e inibidores da fosfodiesterase reduzem as press&#245;es de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>As estatinas poderiam melhorar a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica atenuando a fibrose intersticial mioc&#225;rdica e a angiog&#234;nese, independentemente de seus efeitos hipolipemiantes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>Hormonoterapias tire&#243;ideas aumentam o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco, afetando o volume sist&#243;lico e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, e reduzem a resist&#234;ncia vascular sist&#234;mica, ativando o sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, resultando em uma melhoria na disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>Tem sido demonstrado na cardiomiopatia diab&#233;tica que a eplerenona, o bloqueador do receptor de mineralocorticoides, tem efeitos anti-fibr&#243;ticos, que poderiam atenuar a esteatose card&#237;aca, a remodela&#231;&#227;o e a apoptose, bem como a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>Em conclus&#227;o, se tivessem sido fornecidos os detalhes da medica&#231;&#227;o que poderia estar associada &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, o estudo poderia ter sido mais valioso.</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R02" xml:lang="pt">
      <front-stub>
        <title-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="pt">Carta-resposta</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Aouar</surname>
              <given-names>Lilia M. Mameri El</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>Agradecemos suas observa&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o ao nosso artigo. A fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo depende de uma s&#233;rie de fatores intr&#237;nsecos e extr&#237;nsecos ao cora&#231;&#227;o. Dentre os fatores intr&#237;nsecos, o mais importante &#233; a quantidade e disposi&#231;&#227;o do col&#225;geno depositado no mioc&#225;rdio. Tanto a s&#237;ntese das diferentes isoformas do col&#225;geno, como a forma de deposi&#231;&#227;o destas fibras no insterst&#237;cio mioc&#225;rdico e ao redor dos vasos coronarianos, t&#234;m importante influ&#234;ncia na velocidade de relaxamento mioc&#225;rdico que se traduz, do ponto de vista hemodin&#226;mico, pela velocidade de queda da press&#227;o ventricular no relaxamento isovolum&#233;trico, pela velocidade de fluxo transmitral ou pela velocidade da movimenta&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio a n&#237;vel do anel mitral. O ecocardiograma tem sido um instrumento valioso na avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica e, na medida em que os m&#233;todos de imagem se tornam mais acess&#237;veis e aperfei&#231;oados, cresce o interesse dos cardiologistas cl&#237;nicos pela aferi&#231;&#227;o precisa do lusitropismo mioc&#225;rdico. &#201; importante a observa&#231;&#227;o de que diferentes tipos de tratamentos para doen&#231;as card&#237;acas (iECA, inibidores de receptores de aldosterona, BRA, etc) ou condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas associadas, tais como hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, diabetes mellitus, hipotireoidismo, entre outras, se associam a diferentes graus de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica. A este respeito existe uma extensa literatura dispon&#237;vel. Contudo, o objetivo de nosso trabalho n&#227;o foi o de explorar a etiopatogenia da disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, mas sim o de nos concentrarmos em duas vertentes: 1) avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o volume do VAEi (&#225;trio esquerdo indexado pela superf&#237;cie corporal) e os diferentes graus de disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica em uma s&#233;rie de pacientes ambulat&#243;rios com fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica preservada ou pouco reduzida e que foram submetidos ao exame de ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cico em um servi&#231;o de diagn&#243;stico em cardiologia; 2) identificar as vari&#225;veis clinicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas associadas de forma independente ao aumento do VAEi.</p>
        <p>Para atingirmos esses objetivos, a origem e o est&#225;gio de evolu&#231;&#227;o da disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica n&#227;o seriam par&#226;metros relevantes para a proposta do estudo. No entanto, consideramos suas observa&#231;&#245;es pertinentes e certamente poder&#227;o ser usadas em subestudos futuros dentro da pr&#243;pria amostra inclu&#237;da em nosso artigo. Agradecemos as observa&#231;&#245;es formuladas e o interesse pelo nosso trabalho.</p>
        <p>Atenciosamente,</p>
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