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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">R8fg8K4TPSNssRHnKmjGWhb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000600002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">Sabc.20140070</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140070</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term Outcomes of Drug-eluting versus Bare-metal stent for ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Liping</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Hongyun</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dong</surname>
            <given-names>Pingshuan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Li</surname>
            <given-names>Zhuanzhen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Yanyu</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Duan</surname>
            <given-names>Nana</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zhao</surname>
            <given-names>Yuwei</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Shaoxin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Henan University of Science and Technology</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">the First Affiliated Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Luoyang City</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>China</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, China</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Mailing Address: Shaoxin Wang.</bold> Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology - Jinghua Road No.24, Luoyang city 471003, China. Email: <email>shaoxinwang1999@126.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn id="fn02" fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>06</issue>
      <fpage>529</fpage>
      <lpage>538</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain uncertain.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To investigate long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We performed search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and ISI Web of Science (until February 2013) for randomized trials comparing more than 12-month efficacy or safety of DES with BMS in patients with STEMI. Pooled estimate was presented with risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Ten trials with 7,592 participants with STEMI were included. The overall results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of all-cause death and definite/probable stent thrombosis between DES and BMS at long-term follow-up. Patients receiving DES implantation appeared to have a lower 1-year incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction than those receiving BMS (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.00, p= 0.05). Moreover, the risk of target vessel revascularization (TVR) after receiving DES was consistently lowered during long-term observation (all p&lt; 0.01). In subgroup analysis, the use of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) was associated with reduced risk of stent thrombosis in STEMI patients (RR = 0.37, p=0.02).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>DES did not increase the risk of stent thrombosis in patients with STEMI compared with BMS. Moreover, the use of DES did lower long-term risk of repeat revascularization and might decrease the occurrence of reinfarction.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Drug-eluting stents</kwd>
        <kwd>Bare-metal stents</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute myocardial infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Long-term outcomes</kwd>
        <kwd>Meta-analysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="5"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="38"/>
        <page-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The use of bare-metal stents (BMS) has showed the benefit in reducing the risk of reocclusion of the ischemia-related artery and the need for repeat revascularization in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as compared with balloon angioplasty<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. However, more than 20% subjects with STEMI who received BMS implantation during primary percutaneous coronary intervention suffered from in-stent restenosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Currently, drug-eluting stents (DES) are increasingly used for treatment of STEMI and remedy the above drawback of BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>However, concerns have arisen regarding a potentially higher risk of stent thrombosis with DES related to the reduced endothelialization and healing<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, especially in the setting of STEMI patients with the higher possible thrombotic coronary lesions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. The long-term follow-up of several pivotal studies showed an increased risk of stent thrombosis associated with DES implantation in STEMI subjects compared with BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, but this result has not been confirmed by other studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. Current clinical evidence based on registry studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on this issue delivering conflicting results. These inconsistent findings confused interventional cardiologists' stent selection decisions in these specific subjects. Initial meta-analyses showed the efficacy and safety of DES placement at short-term follow-up in the setting of STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, with no safety issues. However, the longer-term treatment effect of stent implantation on these high-risk patients remains uncertain. Therefore, here we performed a meta-analysis on basis of the available data from RCTs to elucidate the long-term clinical outcomes of DES versus BMS in patients with STEMI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Eligible criteria</title>
        <p>A study was included if 1) patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to DES (everolimus- [EES], zotarolimus-, sirolimu- [SES], or paclitaxe-eluting stent [PES]) versus BMS; 2) the data on efficacy or safety endpoints was available; 3) follow-up duration was no less than 12 months. We restricted our analyses to the DES approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Trials would be excluded if the data on patient or procedural characteristics was not available, and post-hoc analyses of RCTs were also excluded.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study identification</title>
        <p>We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and ISI Web of Science for the eligible trials (until July 2013) using the following terms:<italic>everolimus-eluting stent, zotarolimus-eluting stent, drug-eluting stent, sirolimus-eluting stent, paclitaxel-eluting stent, bare-metal stent, uncoated stent, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome</italic>. We checked the reference lists of review articles, meta-analyses, and original studies identified by the electronic searches to find other eligible trials. The search was restricted to English-language literature.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study enrollment, data collection, and quality assessment</title>
        <p>Two investigators independently assessed trial eligibility using predefined eligibility criteria. The data, such as participant characteristics, lesion and procedural characteristics, and follow-up duration, were extracted. The information on clinical outcomes (e.g. all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization [TVR], or definite/probable stent thrombosis) was also recorded independently. Any disagreements were resolved through consensus. The quality of the trials was assessed according to concealment of treatment allocation; blinding of patients, investigators, or clinical outcome assessors; and the proportion of patients with complete clinical follow-up<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. Additionally, a numerical score between 0 and 5 was assigned as a measure of study design and reporting quality based on Jadad scale<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analyses</title>
        <p>The pooling analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.1 software (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). We pooled treatment effects and calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all end points by using random-effects model. Statistical homogeneity was quantified with the I<sup>2</sup> statistic with a scale of 0% to 100% (&gt;75% represented very large between-study inconsistency)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. Subgroup analysis was performed to test the potential influence of clinical factors including the type of DES, time from pain to angioplasty, dual antiplatelet therapy duration, and the percentage of use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Overall estimates in subgroup analyses were calculated based on the longest observations when a trial reported follow-up findings at different time points. For verification of the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were conducted by omitting each trial at a time from analysis and then calculating overall estimates for the remaining studies. Publication bias among the enrolled studies was qualitatively assessed using funnel plot method. The significance level was set at p&lt;0.05. This work was organized as the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Our initial search yielded 2,465 potential literature citations (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref>). Among them, 1,209 were excluded by removing duplicate literatures and through review of title. Abstracts from 1,256 articles were reviewed and an additional 1,181 articles were excluded, leaving 75 for full publication review. Thereafter 60 were excluded (31 non-RCTs; 15 for comparing clinical outcomes of various DES; 2 having no data on clinical characteristics; 12 for follow-up period less than 12 months). Finally, we identified 15 articles reporting 10 studies for analysis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>.</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Flowchart of selection of studies for inclusion in meta-analysis. DES: drug-eluting stents; RCTs: randomized controlled trials</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>A total of 7,592 participants with STEMI in the 10 long-term trials were included (Table 1). Of them, 4,601 were randomly allocated to DES group and 2,991 to BMS group. Among the 10 trials, 9 were two arm trials (six for SES vs. BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>; two for PES vs. BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>; one for EES vs. BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>) and the rest one was three arm trial (SES vs. PES vs. BMS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Seven trials reported 1-year follow-up clinical outcomes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>; 3 reported 2-year data<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>; 4 reported 3-year date<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>; and 3 reported more than 4-year data<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. The majority of participants were male and the mean age ranged from 59 years to 64 years. Total stent length per patient ranged from 19mm to 29mm. Dual antiplatelet therapy duration ranged from 3 months to 12 months, and the percentage of use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was from 51.75% to 100% in the included studies. Additionally, the level of quality for each article was graded with a score of 3 to 4 according to the Jadad scale (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t01">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Baseline patient characteristics of randomized controlled trials included in the meta-analysis</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr align="center">
              <th align="left">
                <bold>First author, year</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Study name</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Comparisons</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>No. enrolled</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Mean age</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Male, %</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Time from symptom to PCI, min</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Target vessel, LAD/LCX/ RCA, %</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Stent length, mm</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>DAPT duration, m</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Use of GP IIb/ IIIa inhibitors, %</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Follow-up, yrs</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Jaded score</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">van der Hoeven BL 2008, Atary JZ 2010</td>
              <td>MISSION</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>158/152</td>
              <td>59</td>
              <td>77.7</td>
              <td>189</td>
              <td>54.8/15.7/29.5</td>
              <td>26.4</td>
              <td>12</td>
              <td>99.6</td>
              <td>1, 3</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Dirksen MT 2008, Vink MA 2011</td>
              <td>PASSION</td>
              <td>PES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>310/309</td>
              <td>61</td>
              <td>76</td>
              <td>179</td>
              <td>50/8.1/39.9</td>
              <td>19</td>
              <td>6</td>
              <td>73.8</td>
              <td>2, 5</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Leibundgut G 2009</td>
              <td>BASKET-AMI</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>75/74</td>
              <td>62.1</td>
              <td>80</td>
              <td>ND</td>
              <td>-</td>
              <td>39</td>
              <td>6</td>
              <td>67</td>
              <td>3</td>
              <td>3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Lorenzo ED 2009</td>
              <td>PASEO</td>
              <td>PES vs. SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>90/90/90</td>
              <td>62.5</td>
              <td>70</td>
              <td>318</td>
              <td>50.5/24.5/25</td>
              <td>21</td>
              <td>6</td>
              <td>100</td>
              <td>1, 2</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Sabate M 2012</td>
              <td>EXAMINATION</td>
              <td>EES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>751/747</td>
              <td>61.1</td>
              <td>83</td>
              <td>within 48h</td>
              <td>40.5/14.5/43.5</td>
              <td>23</td>
              <td>12</td>
              <td>52.5</td>
              <td>1</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Spaulding C 2006, 2011</td>
              <td>TYPHOON</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>251/250</td>
              <td>59.2</td>
              <td>78.6</td>
              <td>180</td>
              <td>43.7/14.6/41.3</td>
              <td>21.2</td>
              <td>6</td>
              <td>71.5</td>
              <td>1, 4</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Stone GW 2009</td>
              <td>HORIZONS-AMI</td>
              <td>PES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>2257/749</td>
              <td>59.6</td>
              <td>76.5</td>
              <td>223</td>
              <td>41/15.5/43.5</td>
              <td>29</td>
              <td>6-12</td>
              <td>51.75</td>
              <td>1</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Valgimigli M 2007, Tebaldi M 2009</td>
              <td>STRATEGY</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>87/88</td>
              <td>63</td>
              <td>73</td>
              <td>180</td>
              <td>45/19/36</td>
              <td>23</td>
              <td>3</td>
              <td>100</td>
              <td>1, 2, 5</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Valgimigli M 2011</td>
              <td>MULTISTRATEGY</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>372/372</td>
              <td>64</td>
              <td>75.9</td>
              <td>195</td>
              <td>43.5/15.5/39.3</td>
              <td>21</td>
              <td>3</td>
              <td>100</td>
              <td>3</td>
              <td>4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Menichelli M 2007, Violini R 2010</td>
              <td>SESAMI</td>
              <td>SES vs. BMS</td>
              <td>160/160</td>
              <td>62</td>
              <td>80</td>
              <td>240</td>
              <td>49.7/12.8/37.5</td>
              <td>18</td>
              <td>12</td>
              <td>74.9</td>
              <td>1, 3</td>
              <td>3</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy: EES: everolimus-eluting stents; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCX: left circumflex artery; NA: not available; PES: paclitaxel-eluting stents; RCA: right coronary artery; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIMI: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction; SES: sirolimus-eluting stents.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The pooling analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of all-cause death (1-year follow-up: RR = 0.90, p= 0.45, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; 2-year: RR = 0.75, p= 0.16, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; 3-year: RR = 0.80, p= 0.27, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; &gt;4-year: RR = 0.83, p= 0.28, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref>) and definite/probable stent thrombosis (1-year: RR = 0.79, p= 0.15, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; 2-year: RR = 0.91, p= 0.79, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; 3-year: RR = 1.25, p= 0.33, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; &gt;4-year: RR = 1.00, p= 0.99, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref>) between DES and BMS regardless of follow-up duration in patients with STEMI. Moreover, DES seemed likely to reduce the 1-year occurrence of recurrent myocardial infarction (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.00, p= 0.05, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 4</xref>). However, the superiority of DES became nonsignificant with the prolongation of observation period (all p &gt; 0.10;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 4</xref>). Notably, the risk of TVR in STEMI patients receiving DES placement was dramatically lowered compared with that receiving BMS during 1-year to 3-year follow-up (1-year follow-up: RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.61, p&lt; 0.001, I<sup>2</sup>= 30%; 2-year: RR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.70, p&lt; 0.001, I<sup>2</sup>= 37%; 3-year: RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.72, p&lt; 0.001, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%), and the favorable effect of DES remained almost constant up to the maximum observed follow-up of more than 4 years (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.76, p&lt; 0.001, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 5</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Pooled risk ratios of DES versus BMS for all-cause mortality. BMS: bare-metal stents; CI: confidence intervals; DES: drug-eluting stents; M&#8211;H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Pooled risk ratios of DES versus BMS for definite or probable stent thrombosis. BMS: bare-metal stents; CI: confidence intervals; DES: drug-eluting stents; M&#8211;H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Pooled risk ratios of DES versus BMS for recurrent myocardial infarction. BMS: bare-metal stents; CI: confidence intervals; DES: drug-eluting stents; M&#8211;H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f05" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Pooled risk ratios of DES versus BMS for target vessel revascularization. BMS: bare-metal stents; CI: confidence intervals; DES: drug-eluting stents; M&#8211;H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf05.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>In subgroup analyses, the second-generation DES, EES, might provide a benefit in lowering the risk of stent thrombosis in STEMI patients (RR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87, p=0.02, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref>), whereas both the first-generation SES and PES did not show the benefit compared with BMS (both p &gt; 0.1, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref>). Except for this, there were no significant influences of several important clinical factors, such as the type of DES, time from symptom to angioplasty, dual antiplatelet therapy duration, and the percentage of use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, on the beneficial effect of DES in TVR, with statistically significant differences (all p &lt;0.01, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref>). Additionally, in sensitivity analysis omission of each trial one at a time from the analysis did not have any relevant influence on other overall results in the meta-analysis. Funnel plots were performed for all outcomes, and essential symmetry regarding overall TVR and stent thrombosis was found, which suggested that there was no publication bias in the meta-analysis.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Subgroup analyses on target vessel revascularization and in-stent thrombosis</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                <bold>Subgroups</bold>
              </th>
              <th rowspan="2">
                <bold>No. of patients</bold>
              </th>
              <th style="border-bottom:hidden">&#160;</th>
              <th colspan="3">
                <bold>TVR</bold>
              </th>
              <th colspan="4">
                <bold>Stent thrombosis</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>RR (95% CI)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>
                  <italic>p value</italic>
                </bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>RR (95% CI)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">&#160;</th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>
                  <italic>P value</italic>
                </bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">SES</td>
              <td>2364</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.50 [0.40, 0.63]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>1.12 [0.78, 1.60]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.54</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">PES</td>
              <td>3805</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.62 [0.44, 0.88]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.007</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.98 [0.67, 1.46]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.94</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">EES</td>
              <td>1498</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.55 [0.35, 0.86]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.008</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.37 [0.15, 0.87]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Pain to angioplasty &#8804; 3h</td>
              <td>1295</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.57 [0.42, 0.76]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.0002</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>1.00 [0.60, 1.65]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.99</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Pain to angioplasty &gt; 3h</td>
              <td>6133</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.54 [0.44, 0.67]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.90 [0.63, 1.28]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.55</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">DAPT duration &#8804; 6 m</td>
              <td>2450</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.51 [0.39, 0.67]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>1.11 [0.77, 1.60]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.56</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">DAPT duration &gt; 6 m</td>
              <td>5127</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.60 [0.49, 0.75]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.81 [0.49, 1.33]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.40</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Use of GP Ilb/IIIa inhibitors &#8805; 90%</td>
              <td>1491</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.43 [0.32, 0.58]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>1.13 [0.71, 1.80]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.61</td>
            </tr>
            <tr align="center">
              <td align="left">Use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors &lt; 90%</td>
              <td>6086</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.62 [0.52, 0.74]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.89 [0.63, 1.27]</td>
              <td>&#160;</td>
              <td>0.52</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn>
            <p>CI: confidence interval; DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy; EES: everolimus-eluting stents; GP: glycoprotein; PES: paclitaxel-eluting stents; RR: risk ratios; SES: sirolimus-eluting stents; TVR: target vessel revascularization.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussions</title>
      <p>The present study revealed that no significant differences in the incidence of all-cause death and definite/probable stent thrombosis were shown between DES and BMS in patients with STEMI during long-term follow-up. Notably, the use of the second-generation DES, EES, offered a favorable effect on reducing the risk of stent thrombosis, whereas both SES and PES did not show the clinical benefit. Moreover, compared with BMS implantation, DES implantation seemed to be associated with reduced 1-year incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction, but the benefit did not maintain more than 2 years. Furthermore, DES showed a consistent benefit in lowering the risk of TVR during long-term observation.</p>
      <p>Development of DES was primarily conceived to further improve clinical utility of coronary stent targeting on the potential drawback of BMS, mainly referring to the increased occurrence of in-stent restenosis. As a class of immunosuppressant and antiproliferative agent, sirolimus, paclitaxe, zotarolimus, or everolimus usually used to elute coronary stents exert potent inhibition of growth factor-induced proliferation of vascular intima and vessel smooth muscle cells<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>. The combination of anti-hyperplasia effect with potent mechanical support for lesion vessel wall in DES yielded a benefit in decreasing the need for repeat revascularization compared with BMS or balloon angioplasty alone during short-term follow-up<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the "late catch-up" phenomenon in DES, especially with "limus"-eluting stents, in unselected coronary artery diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>. A study by Awata et al. using angioscopy showed that SES delayed reendothelialization with immature plaques and accelerated neointimal coverage at 2-year follow-up<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. As a consequence, a significant increase in late luminal loss from 2- to 4-year follow-up was indicated<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>. A randomized trial demonstrated a lower luminal loss at 6 months with EES compared with PES. However, this initial advantage disappeared at 3-year follow-up<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>, suggesting that delayed luminal loss might occur in DES. However, the profile of the unfavorable phenomenon in higher risk coronary artery diseases (e.g. STEMI) post DES implantation is now not well established. In the current study, a maintained clinical benefit of DES for more than 4 years in terms of reintervention in the previously instrumented artery with no excess of probable or definite stent thrombosis was identified in the current study. Conservatively, the beneficial result did not verify the presence of late catch-up with clinical significance in the setting of STEMI patients receiving DES treatment.</p>
      <p>The propensity of stent thrombosis after DES implantation has raised safety concern in unselected coronary artery diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>. However, to date we do not know that whether the thrombosis risk of DES is higher in STEMI patients with the higher possible thrombotic coronary lesions. The implantation of DES in ruptured plaques with a large necrotic core (the lesion substrate responsible for most cases of STEMI) might impair vascular healing responses, and potentially result in increased rates of stent thrombosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>. However, a previous meta-analysis comparing DES versus BMS for acute coronary syndromes did not show an evidence of significantly increased risk of stent thrombosis associated with DES implantation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>. Similarly, the current study did not show the significant increase in fatal thrombotic evens and all-cause death associated with DES placement in STEMI patients. Even in a special class of DES, mainly referring to EES, a favorable effect in reducing the risk of stent thrombosis was shown at long-term follow-up. The finding was consistent with the result from a previous large-scale meta-analysis in unselected coronary artery diseases, indicating that EES treatment had the lower rate of stent thrombosis within 2 years of stent implantation than BMS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>. Causally, STEMI was characterized by the more possible thrombotic coronary lesions than non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery diseases. As thus, we presumed that, in terms of lowering the risk of stent thrombosis, EES might have the more superiority in patients with higher possible thrombotic lesions. Additionally, a favorable tendency toward reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction was achieved in DES treatment group in the first year follow-up, but the potential benefit did not maintain during the longer-term observation. It was notable that the trend of reinfarction related to DES placement was presented substantially consistent with that of stent thrombosis, the risk of which appeared to be lower at 1-year follow-up. The potential benefit of DES in lowering the rate of reinfarction might partially result from their favorable trend to reducing the risk of stent thrombosis.</p>
      <p>Methodologically, the use of random-effect model, no publication bias, and relatively low statistical heterogeneities among the included trials corrected the inherent drawback and provided reassurance for making a robust conclusion. Moreover, sensitivity analyses further confirmed the credibility of the meta-analysis estimates. However, it was worthwhile notable that this meta-analysis investigated the long-term clinical outcomes of DES versus BMS in patients with STEMI, the results of which cannot be automatically extrapolated to non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. In addition, the power in subgroup analysis on &#8805;2-year follow-up data might be restricted by the limited study number, and the conclusions should be made carefully. Therefore, more studies with longer-term observation are required to further verify the findings and conclusions in the subgroup analyses of the current study.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>This present study has identified the persistent benefit of DES on reducing the need for repeat revascularization in patients with STEMI at long-term follow-up. Although DES did not offer a benefit in reducing all-cause mortality compared with BMS, the procedure did not increase the risk of stent thrombosis, and even EES might markedly decrease the malignant clinical occurrence in these specific patients with the higher possible thrombotic coronary lesions. In addition, DES seems to be as safe as BMS, without evidence of any increased long-term risk of all-cause death and recurrent myocardial infarction. The current study, a meta-analysis based on the newest available data from RCTs comparing DES versus BMS in patients with STEMI, offers important insights into the relative safety and efficacy of DES.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Author contributions</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Conception and design of the research: Wang S; Acquisition of data: Wang L, Wang H; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Wang L, Wang H, Li Z, Wang Y; Obtaining financing: Dong P; Writing of the manuscript: Wang L, Wang H, Wang Y; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Dong P, Duan N, Zhao Y, Wang S.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <article-title xml:lang="en">Drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents for angina or acute coronary syndromes</article-title>
          <source>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</source>
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    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Resultados a Longo Prazo de Elui&#231;&#227;o de F&#225;rmaco versus Stent Met&#225;lico para Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Eleva&#231;&#227;o ST</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Liping</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Hongyun  </given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dong</surname>
            <given-names>Pingshuan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Li</surname>
            <given-names>Zhuanzhen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Yanyu</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Duan</surname>
            <given-names>Nana</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zhao</surname>
            <given-names>Yuwei</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Shaoxin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Henan University of Science and Technology</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">the First Affiliated Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Luoyang City</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>China</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, China</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Shaoxin Wang.</bold> Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology - Jinghua Road No.24, Luoyang city 471003, China. Email: <email>shaoxinwang1999@126.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Os resultados a longo prazo dos stents farmacol&#243;gicos (SF) contra stents convencionais (SC) em pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (IMEST) permanecem incertos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Investigar os resultados a longo prazo dos stents farmacol&#243;gicos (SF) contra stents convencionais (SC) em pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (IMEST) .</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foi realizada pesquisa de dados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, na Cochrane Library, e na ISI Web of Science (at&#233; fevereiro de 2013) para estudos cl&#237;nicos aleat&#243;rios que comparam a efic&#225;cia durante mais de 12 meses ou a seguran&#231;a do SF com SC em pacientes com IMEST. Foi apresentada uma estimativa agrupada com risco relativo (RR) e seu intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95 % (IC), utilizando modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Dez estudos com 7.592 participantes com IMEST foram inclu&#237;dos. Os resultados gerais mostraram que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa na incid&#234;ncia de morte por todas as causas e trombose de stent definida/prov&#225;vel entre SF e SC em seguimento de longo prazo. Os pacientes que receberam implante de SF pareciam ter uma incid&#234;ncia de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente inferior a1 ano que aqueles que receberam SC (RR = 0,75, 95% CI 0,56-1,00, p = 0,05). Al&#233;m disso, o risco de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso alvo (RVA) depois de receber o SF diminui consistentemente durante a observa&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo (todos p &lt;0,01). Na an&#225;lise de subgrupo, o uso de stents com elui&#231;&#227;o de everolimus (EEE) foi associado a um risco reduzido de trombose de stent em pacientes IMEST (RR = 0,37, p = 0,02).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>SF n&#227;o aumentou o risco de trombose de stent em pacientes com IMEST em compara&#231;&#227;o com SC. Al&#233;m disso, o uso de SF fez baixar o risco de longo prazo de repeti&#231;&#227;o da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o e p&#244;de diminuir a ocorr&#234;ncia de reinfarto.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Stents Farmacol&#243;gicos</kwd>
        <kwd>Stents Met&#225;licos</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Resultados de Longo Prazo</kwd>
        <kwd>Meta-an&#225;lise</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O uso de stents convencionais (SC) mostrou benef&#237;cios na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de re-oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria respons&#225;vel pela isquemia e da necessidade de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o no infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (IMEST), em compara&#231;&#227;o com a angioplastia de bal&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. No entanto, mais de 20% de indiv&#237;duos com IMEST que receberam implante de SC durante a interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria sofreram restenosis intra-stent<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Atualmente, os stents farmacol&#243;gicos (SF) s&#227;o cada vez mais utilizados para o tratamento do IMEST e para remediar a desvantagem mencionada acima do SC <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
        <p>No entanto, surgiram preocupa&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o a um potencial risco mais elevado de trombose com SF relacionado com a reduzida endoteliza&#231;&#227;o e cura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>, especialmente no contexto de pacientes IMEST com as les&#245;es coron&#225;ria tromb&#243;tica mais extensas poss&#237;vel<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. O seguimento a longo prazo de v&#225;rios estudos piloto mostrou um aumento do risco de trombose de stent associado ao implante de SF em indiv&#237;duos IMEST em compara&#231;&#227;o com SC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, mas este resultado n&#227;o foi confirmado por outros estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. A evid&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica atual com base em estudos registrados e estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados (ECR) enfocados nessa quest&#227;o produz resultados conflitantes. Estes achados inconsistentes confundem os cardiologistas intervencionistas quanto &#224;s decis&#245;es de sele&#231;&#227;o de stent nestes sujeitos espec&#237;ficos. Meta-an&#225;lises iniciais mostraram a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a da coloca&#231;&#227;o de SF no acompanhamento a curto prazo no contexto de STEMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, sem problemas de seguran&#231;a. No entanto, o efeito do tratamento a longo prazo do implante de stents nesses pacientes de alto risco permanece incerto/duvidoso. Portanto, aqui foi realizada uma meta-an&#225;lise com base nos dados dispon&#237;veis de estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados para elucidar os resultados cl&#237;nicos a longo prazo do SF contra SC em pacientes com IMEST.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade</title>
          <p>Um estudo seria inclu&#237;do se 1) os pacientes com IMEST tivessem sido aleatoriamente selecionados para SF (everolimus [ SEE ], zotarolimus -, sirolimu -[ SS ], ou com stent de elui&#231;&#227;o de paclitaxe [ SP ]) contra SC; 2) os dados sobre a efic&#225;cia ou <italic>endpoints</italic> de seguran&#231;a estivessem dispon&#237;veis; 3) o tempo de seguimento n&#227;o fosse inferior a 12 meses. N&#243;s restringimos nossas an&#225;lises ao SF aprovado pela US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Os estudos seriam exclu&#237;dos se os dados sobre as caracter&#237;sticas do paciente ou do procedimento n&#227;o estivessem dispon&#237;veis, e as an&#225;lises post-hoc de estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados tamb&#233;m foram exclu&#237;das.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Identifica&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
          <p>Pesquisamos sistematicamente o MEDLINE, EMBASE, a Cochrane Library, e o ISI Web of Science procurando estudos eleg&#237;veis (at&#233; julho de 2013), utilizando os seguintes termos: <italic>stent com elui&#231;&#227;o de everolimus, stent com elui&#231;&#227;o de zotarolimus, stent farmacol&#243;gico, stent com elui&#231;&#227;o de sirolimus, stent com elui&#231;&#227;o de paclitaxel, stent, stent n&#227;o revestido, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST, s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST.</italic> Verificamos as listas de refer&#234;ncia dos artigos de revis&#227;o, meta-an&#225;lises e estudos originais identificados pelas buscas eletr&#244;nicas para encontrar outros estudos eleg&#237;veis. A pesquisa foi restrita a literatura em l&#237;ngua inglesa.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Inclus&#227;o no estudo, coleta de dados e avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade</title>
          <p>Dois investigadores avaliaram independentemente a elegibilidade do estudo com base em crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade pr&#233;-definidos. Foram extra&#237;dos dados tais como as caracter&#237;sticas dos participantes, les&#227;o e caracter&#237;sticas de procedimento e tempo de seguimento. A informa&#231;&#227;o sobre os resultados cl&#237;nicos (por exemplo, todas as causas de morte, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso-alvo [RVA], ou trombose de stent definida/prov&#225;vel) tamb&#233;m foi registrada de forma independente. Todas as diverg&#234;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada de acordo com a oculta&#231;&#227;o,com base na administra&#231;&#227;o do tratamento,oculta&#231;&#227;o do tratamento administrado; mascaramento dos pacientes, pesquisadores ou avaliadores de resultados cl&#237;nicos, e a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com total acompanhamento cl&#237;nico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. Al&#233;m disso, uma pontua&#231;&#227;o num&#233;rica entre 0 e 5 foi atribu&#237;da como uma medida de desenho do estudo e da qualidade de relat&#243;rios com base na escala de Jadad<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas</title>
          <p>As an&#225;lises dos dados agrupados foram realizadas utilizando o software Review Manager 5.1 (Colabora&#231;&#227;o da Cochrane, Copenhagen, Dinamarca). Agrupamos os efeitos do tratamento e calculamos o risco relativo (RR) com um intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95 % (IC) para todos os pontos finais, utilizando o modelo de efeitos aleat&#243;rios. A homogeneidade estat&#237;stica foi quantificada com a estat&#237;stica I<sup>2</sup> com uma escala de 0 % a 100% (&gt; 75% representava uma inconsist&#234;ncia entre-estudos muito grande)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. A an&#225;lise de subgrupo foi realizada para testar a potencial influ&#234;ncia de fatores cl&#237;nicos, incluindo o tipo de SF, o tempo da dor at&#233; a angioplastia, dura&#231;&#227;o da terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla, e o percentual de uso de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa. As estimativas globais em an&#225;lises de subgrupos foram calculadas com base nas observa&#231;&#245;es mais longas, quando um estudo relatou achados de acompanhamento em momentos diferentes. Para a verifica&#231;&#227;o da solidez dos resultados, foram realizadas an&#225;lises de sensibilidade omitindo cada estudo em um momento da an&#225;lise e, em seguida, calculando as estimativas globais para os demais estudos. O vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o entre os estudos inclu&#237;dos foi avaliado qualitativamente atrav&#233;s do m&#233;todo do gr&#225;fico de funil. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia foi estabelecido em p &lt;0,05. Este trabalho foi organizado seguindo as diretrizes do <italic>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)</italic>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Nossa pesquisa inicial gerou 2.465 potenciais cita&#231;&#245;es da literatura (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figura 1</xref>). Entre elas, 1.209 foram exclu&#237;das eliminando as duplica&#231;&#245;es e pela revis&#227;o de t&#237;tulos. Resumos de 1.256 artigos foram revisados e foram exclu&#237;dos mais 1.181 artigos, deixando 75 para revis&#227;o completa da publica&#231;&#227;o. A partir de ent&#227;o, 60 foram exclu&#237;dos (31 n&#227;o-ECA; 15 comparando resultados cl&#237;nicos de v&#225;rios SF; 2 por n&#227;o terem dados sobre as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas; 12 por per&#237;odo de seguimento inferior a 12 meses). Finalmente, identificamos 15 artigos que relatam 10 estudos para an&#225;lise<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>.</p>
        <fig id="f06" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Fluxograma da sele&#231;&#227;o de estudos para inclus&#227;o na meta-an&#225;lise. SF: stents farmacol&#243;gicos; ECR: estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>Um total de 7.592 participantes com IMEST nos 10 estudos de longo prazo foram inclu&#237;dos (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Tabela 1</xref>). Deles, 4.601 foram distribu&#237;dos aleatoriamente em grupos SF e 2.991 para SNF. Entre os 10 estudos, 9 eram de dois grupos (seis para SS vs SC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>; dois para SP vs SC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>, um para SEE vs SC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>) e o restante era de tr&#234;s grupos (SS vs SP vs SC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Sete estudos relatavam resultados de 1 ano de acompanhamento cl&#237;nico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>; 3 relatavam dados de 2 anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>; 4 relatavam dados de 3 anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>, e 3 relatavam dados de mais de 4 anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino e a m&#233;dia de idade variou entre os 59 e os 64 anos. O comprimento total do stent por paciente variou de 19 mil&#237;metros a 29 mil&#237;metros. A dura&#231;&#227;o da terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla variou de 3 a 12 meses, o percentual de uso de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na IIb / IIIa foi de 51,75 % a 100% nos estudos inclu&#237;dos. Al&#233;m disso, o n&#237;vel de qualidade para cada artigo foi classificado com uma pontua&#231;&#227;o de 3 a 4 de acordo com a escala de Jadad (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais dos pacientes de estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados inclu&#237;dos na meta-an&#225;lise</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Primeiro autor, ano</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Nome do estudo</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Compara&#231;&#245;es</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>No. Inscrip</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Idade m&#233;dia</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Masc. %</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Tempo do sintoma PCI, min</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Vaso alvo DAE/ AME/ACD, %</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Comprim. do stent, mm</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>TAP dura&#231;&#227;o, m</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Uso de GP IIb/IIIa inhibidores, %</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Seguimento, anos</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Jaded pontua&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">van der Hoeven BL 2008, Atary JZ 2010</td>
                <td>MISSION</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>158/152</td>
                <td>59</td>
                <td>77.7</td>
                <td>189</td>
                <td>54.8/15.7/29.5</td>
                <td>26.4</td>
                <td>12</td>
                <td>99.6</td>
                <td>1, 3</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Dirksen MT 2008, Vink MA 2011</td>
                <td>PASSION</td>
                <td>SP vs. SC</td>
                <td>310/309</td>
                <td>61</td>
                <td>76</td>
                <td>179</td>
                <td>50/8.1/39.9</td>
                <td>19</td>
                <td>6</td>
                <td>73.8</td>
                <td>2, 5</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Leibundgut G 2009</td>
                <td>BASKET-AMI</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>75/74</td>
                <td>62.1</td>
                <td>80</td>
                <td>ND</td>
                <td>-</td>
                <td>39</td>
                <td>6</td>
                <td>67</td>
                <td>3</td>
                <td>3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Lorenzo ED 2009</td>
                <td>PASEO</td>
                <td>SP vs. SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>90/90/90</td>
                <td>62.5</td>
                <td>70</td>
                <td>318</td>
                <td>50.5/24.5/25</td>
                <td>21</td>
                <td>6</td>
                <td>100</td>
                <td>1, 2</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Sabate M 2012</td>
                <td>EXAMINATION</td>
                <td>SEE vs. SC</td>
                <td>751/747</td>
                <td>61.1</td>
                <td>83</td>
                <td>em 48h</td>
                <td>40.5/14.5/43.5</td>
                <td>23</td>
                <td>12</td>
                <td>52.5</td>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Spaulding C 2006, 2011</td>
                <td>TYPHOON</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>251/250</td>
                <td>59.2</td>
                <td>78.6</td>
                <td>180</td>
                <td>43.7/14.6/41.3</td>
                <td>21.2</td>
                <td>6</td>
                <td>71.5</td>
                <td>1, 4</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Stone GW 2009</td>
                <td>HORIZONS-AMI</td>
                <td>SP vs. SC</td>
                <td>2257/749</td>
                <td>59.6</td>
                <td>76.5</td>
                <td>223</td>
                <td>41/15.5/43.5</td>
                <td>29</td>
                <td>6-12</td>
                <td>51.75</td>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Valgimigli M 2007, Tebaldi M 2009</td>
                <td>STRATEGY</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>87/88</td>
                <td>63</td>
                <td>73</td>
                <td>180</td>
                <td>45/19/36</td>
                <td>23</td>
                <td>3</td>
                <td>100</td>
                <td>1, 2, 5</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Valgimigli M 2011</td>
                <td>MULTISTRATEGY</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>372/372</td>
                <td>64</td>
                <td>75.9</td>
                <td>195</td>
                <td>43.5/15.5/39.3</td>
                <td>21</td>
                <td>3</td>
                <td>100</td>
                <td>3</td>
                <td>4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Menichelli M 2007, Violini R 2010</td>
                <td>SESAMI</td>
                <td>SS vs. SC</td>
                <td>160/160</td>
                <td>62</td>
                <td>80</td>
                <td>240</td>
                <td>49.7/12.8/37.5</td>
                <td>18</td>
                <td>12</td>
                <td>74.9</td>
                <td>1, 3</td>
                <td>3</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>TAP: terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla; SEE: stents com elui&#231;&#227;o de everolimus; DAE: art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda; AME: art&#233;ria marginal esquerda, ND: n&#227;o dispon&#237;vel; SP: stents com paclitaxel, ACD: art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita; IMEST: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST; TIMI: Tromb&#243;lise no infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio; SS: stents com sirolimus</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A an&#225;lise de agrupamento mostrou que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas na incid&#234;ncia de todas as causas de morte (1 ano de seguimento: RR = 0,90, p = 0,45, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; 2 anos: RR = 0,75, p = 0,16, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, 3 anos: RR = 0,80, p = 0,27, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%;&gt; 4 anos: RR = 0,83, p = 0,28, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figura 2</xref>) e trombose de stent definida / prov&#225;vel (1 ano: RR = 0,79, p = 0,15, I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; 2 anos: RR = 0,91, p = 0,79, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, 3 anos: RR = 1,25, p = 0,33, I<sup>2</sup> = 0 %;&gt; 4 anos: RR = 1,00, p = 0,99, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%;<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figura 3</xref>) entre SF e SC, independentemente da dura&#231;&#227;o de seguimento em pacientes com IMEST. Al&#233;m disso, o SF parecia adequado para reduzir a ocorr&#234;ncia de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente (RR = 0,75, 95% CI 0,56-1,00, p = 0,05, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09">Figura 4</xref>) de 1 ano. No entanto, a superioridade do SF tornou-se n&#227;o significativa com o prolongamento do per&#237;odo de observa&#231;&#227;o (todos p&gt; 0,10; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09">Figura 4</xref>). Notavelmente, o risco de RVA em pacientes com IMEST recebendo coloca&#231;&#227;o de SF foi drasticamente reduzido em compara&#231;&#227;o com os do SC durante 1 a 3 anos de seguimento (1 ano de seguimento: RR = 0,47 IC 95% 0,37-0,61, p &lt; 0,001, I<sup>2</sup> = 30%; 2 anos: RR = 0,42, 95% CI 0,25-0,70, p &lt;0,001, I<sup>2</sup> = 37 %; 3 anos: RR = 0,53, 95% CI 0,39-0,72, p &lt; 0.001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), e o efeito favor&#225;vel do SF permaneceu praticamente constante at&#233; o acompanhamento m&#225;ximo observado de mais de 4 anos (RR = 0,57, 95% CI 0,42-0,76, p &lt;0,001, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figura 5</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f07" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Taxas de risco agrupadas de SF contra SC para a mortalidade por todas as causas. SC: stents de metal, IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; SF: stents farmacol&#243;gicos; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f08" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Taxas de risco agrupadas de SF contra SC para trombose de stent definida ou prov&#225;vel. SC: stents de metal, IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; SF: stents farmacol&#243;gicos; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf03-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f09" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Taxas de risco agrupadas de SF contra SC para infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente. SC: stents de metal, IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; SF: stents farmacol&#243;gicos; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf04-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f10" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Taxas de risco agrupadas de SF contra SC para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso alvo. SC: stents de metal, IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; SF: stents farmacol&#243;gicos; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-06-0529-40070-gf05-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>Nas an&#225;lises de subgrupo, o SF e SEE de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o, pode oferecer um benef&#237;cio na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de trombose de stent em pacientes IMEST (RR = 0,37, 95% CI 0,15-0,87, p = 0,02, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Tabela 2</xref>), enquanto que tanto o SS de primeira gera&#231;&#227;o como o SP n&#227;o mostraram benef&#237;cio em compara&#231;&#227;o com o SC (ambos p&gt; 0,1, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Tabela 2</xref>). &#192; exce&#231;&#227;o disto, n&#227;o houve influ&#234;ncias significativas de v&#225;rios fatores cl&#237;nicos importantes, tais como o tipo de SF, per&#237;odo de tempo desde o sintoma &#224; angioplastia, a dura&#231;&#227;o da terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria, e a percentagem de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de inibidores da glicoprote&#237;na IIb / IIIa, no efeito ben&#233;fico do SF no RVA, com diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas (todos p &lt;0,01, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Tabela 2</xref>). Al&#233;m disso, na an&#225;lise de sensibilidade por omiss&#227;o de cada estudo em um momento da an&#225;lise n&#227;o teve qualquer influ&#234;ncia relevante sobre outros resultados globais na meta-an&#225;lise. Gr&#225;ficos funil foram realizados para todos os resultados, e foi encontrada simetria essencial sobre RVA geral e trombose de stent, o que sugere que n&#227;o houve vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o na meta-an&#225;lise.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t04">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Subgrupo de an&#225;lise de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso alvo e trombose intra-stent</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                  <bold>Subgrupos</bold>
                </th>
                <th rowspan="2">
                  <bold>No. de pacientes</bold>
                </th>
                <th style="border-bottom:hidden">&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="3">
                  <bold>RVA</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="4">
                  <bold>Trombose do Stent</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>RR (95% CI)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold><italic>p</italic> valor</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>RR (95% IC)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">&#160;</th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold><italic>P</italic> valor</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">SS</td>
                <td>2364</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,50 [0,40, 0,63]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>1,12 [0,78, 1,60]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,54</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">SP</td>
                <td>3805</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,62 [0,44, 0,88]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,007</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,98 [0,67, 1,46]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,94</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">SEE</td>
                <td>1498</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,55 [0,35, 0,86]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,008</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,37 [0,15, 0,87]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Dor na angioplastia &#8804; 3h</td>
                <td>1295</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,57 [0,42, 0,76]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,0002</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>1,00 [0,60, 1,65]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Dor na angioplastia &gt; 3h</td>
                <td>6133</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,54 [0,44, 0,67]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,90 [0,63, 1,28]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">TAP dura&#231;&#227;o &#8804; 6 m</td>
                <td>2450</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,51 [0,39, 0,67]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>1,11 [0,77, 1,60]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,56</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">TAP dura&#231;&#227;o &gt; 6 m</td>
                <td>5127</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,60 [0,49, 0,75]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,81 [0,49, 1,33]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Uso de GP Ilb/IIIa inhibidores &#8805; 90%</td>
                <td>1491</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,43 [0,32, 0,58]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>1,13 [0,71, 1,80]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,61</td>
              </tr>
              <tr align="center">
                <td align="left">Uso de GP IIb/IIIa inhibidores &lt; 90%</td>
                <td>6086</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,62 [0,52, 0,74]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,89 [0,63, 1,27]</td>
                <td>&#160;</td>
                <td>0,52</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; TAP: terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla; SEE: stent de everolimus; GP: glicoprote&#237;na; SP: stent com elui&#231;&#227;o de paclitaxel stents; RR: raz&#227;o de risco; SS: stent com sirolimus stents, RVA: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso alvo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#245;es</title>
        <p>O presente estudo revelou que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas na incid&#234;ncia de todas as causas de morte e a trombose de stent definida / prov&#225;vel foi mostrada entre SF e SC em pacientes com IMEST durante seguimento de longo prazo. Notavelmente, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de SF, SEE de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o, proporcionou um efeito favor&#225;vel sobre a redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de trombose de stent, enquanto ambos SS e SP n&#227;o mostraram benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico. Al&#233;m disso, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o implante de SC, a implanta&#231;&#227;o de SF parecia estar associada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da incid&#234;ncia de 1 ano de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente, mas o benef&#237;cio n&#227;o se manteve mais do que 2 anos. Al&#233;m disso, o SF mostrou um benef&#237;cio consistente na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de RVA durante a observa&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo.</p>
        <p>O desenvolvimento de SF foi concebido principalmente para melhorar ainda mais a utilidade cl&#237;nica do stent coron&#225;rio apontando para a potencial desvantagem da SC, fazendo essencialmente refer&#234;ncia ao aumento da ocorr&#234;ncia de reestenose intra-stent. Como uma classe de agente imunossupressor e anti-proliferativo, o sirolimus, paclitaxe, zotarolimus ou o everolimus geralmente utilizados para eluir stents, exercem uma potente inibi&#231;&#227;o da prolifera&#231;&#227;o do fator de crescimento induzido da &#237;ntima vascular e das c&#233;lulas do m&#250;sculo liso do vaso<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>. A combina&#231;&#227;o do efeito anti- hiperplasia com o suporte mec&#226;nico potente para a les&#227;o da parede do vaso no SF produziu um benef&#237;cio na diminui&#231;&#227;o da necessidade de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o em compara&#231;&#227;o s&#243; com SC ou a angioplastia durante o seguimento a curto prazo <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>. Recentemente, surgiram preocupa&#231;&#245;es quanto ao fen&#244;meno "<italic>late catch-up</italic>" em SF, especialmente com stents de elui&#231;&#227;o de "limus", em doen&#231;as da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria n&#227;o selecionadas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>. Um estudo realizado por Awata et al. usando angioscopia, mostrou que SS retardava a reendoteliza&#231;&#227;o com placas imaturas e acelerava a cobertura neointimal aos 2 anos de seguimento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. Como conseq&#252;&#234;ncia, foi demonstrado um aumento significativo na perda luminal tardia de 2 a 4 anos de seguimento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>. Um estudo randomizado demonstrou uma perda luminal menor aos 6 meses com SEE em compara&#231;&#227;o com SP. No entanto, esta vantagem inicial desapareceu aos 3 anos de seguimento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>, sugerindo que a perda luminal tardia pode ocorrer em SF. No entanto, o perfil do fen&#244;meno desfavor&#225;vel em doen&#231;as das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias de maior risco (por exemplo, IMEST) ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o de SF n&#227;o est&#225; bem determinado. Um benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico do SF mantido por mais de 4 anos, em termos de reinterven&#231;&#227;o na art&#233;ria previamente instrumentada sem excesso de trombose de stent prov&#225;vel ou definida foi identificado no estudo atual. Prudentemente, o resultado ben&#233;fico n&#227;o confirmou a presen&#231;a de <italic>late catch-up</italic> com significa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica no cen&#225;rio de pacientes IMEST que recebem tratamento SF.</p>
        <p>A propens&#227;o &#224; trombose de stent ap&#243;s implante de SF tem originado preocupa&#231;&#245;es quanto &#224; seguran&#231;a em doen&#231;as da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria n&#227;o selecionadas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>. No entanto, at&#233; o momento, n&#227;o sabemos se o risco de trombose dos stents farmacol&#243;gicos &#233; maior em pacientes com IMEST com as les&#245;es coronarianas tromb&#243;ticas mais extensas poss&#237;veis. A implanta&#231;&#227;o do SF em placas com rupturas com um grande n&#250;cleo necr&#243;tico (a les&#227;o de base respons&#225;vel pela maioria dos casos de IMEST) pode prejudicar as respostas de cura vascular e resultar potencialmente em um aumento das taxas de trombose do stent<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>. No entanto, uma meta-an&#225;lise anterior comparando SF contra SC para s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas n&#227;o mostrou uma evid&#234;ncia de aumento significativo do risco de trombose de stent associado &#224; implanta&#231;&#227;o de SF<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>. Da mesma forma, o presente estudo n&#227;o mostrou aumento significativo em eventos tromb&#243;ticos fatais e morte por todas as causas associado &#224; coloca&#231;&#227;o de SF em pacientes com IMEST. Mesmo em uma classe especial de SF, referindo-se principalmente a SEE, um efeito favor&#225;vel na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de trombose de stent foi mostrado no seguimento a longo prazo. O achado foi consistente com o resultado de uma meta-an&#225;lise anterior de grande escala em doen&#231;as das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias n&#227;o selecionadas, indicando que o tratamento SEE teve a menor taxa de trombose de stent no periodo de 2 anos de implante de stent do que SC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>. Causalmente, a IMEST foi caracterizada pelas les&#245;es coronarianas tromb&#243;ticas maiores poss&#237;veis do que a n&#227;o eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST, s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda ou as doen&#231;as coronarianas est&#225;veis. Assim, presumimos que, em termos de redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de trombose, a SEE pode ter pode ser superior em pacientes com les&#245;es tromb&#243;ticas maiores. Al&#233;m disso, uma tend&#234;ncia favor&#225;vel para reduzir o risco de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente foi alcan&#231;ada em grupo de tratamento SF no primeiro ano de acompanhamento, mas o benef&#237;cio potencial n&#227;o se manteve durante a observa&#231;&#227;o a longo prazo. Foi not&#225;vel que a tend&#234;ncia de reinfarto relacionada com a coloca&#231;&#227;o de SF foi substancialmente consistente com a de trombose de stent, cujo risco parecia ser inferior ao 1 ano de seguimento. O benef&#237;cio potencial do SF na redu&#231;&#227;o da taxa de reinfarto pode resultar em parte da sua tend&#234;ncia favor&#225;vel para reduzir o risco de trombose de stent .</p>
        <p>Metodologicamente, o uso do modelo de efeito aleat&#243;rio, sem vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o, e heterogeneidades estat&#237;sticas relativamente baixas entre os estudos inclu&#237;dos corrigiu a desvantagem inerente e forneceu garantias para chegar a uma conclus&#227;o s&#243;lida. Al&#233;m disso, an&#225;lises de sensibilidade refor&#231;aram a confirma&#231;&#227;o da credibilidade das estimativas da meta-an&#225;lise. No entanto, foi gratificante constatar que esta meta-an&#225;lise investigou os resultados cl&#237;nicos a longo prazo do SF contra SC em pacientes com IMEST, cujos resultados n&#227;o podem ser extrapolados automaticamente para a s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem supra de segmento ST. Al&#233;m disso, o poder na an&#225;lise de subgrupo dos dados em &#8805; 2 anos de acompanhamento pode ser restrito pelo n&#250;mero limitado de estudos e as conclus&#245;es devem ser tiradas com cuidado. Portanto, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos com observa&#231;&#227;o de longo prazo para comprovar os resultados e conclus&#245;es da an&#225;lise de subgrupo do presente estudo .</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>O presente estudo identificou o benef&#237;cio persistente do SF para reduzir a necessidade de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o em pacientes com IMEST em seguimento a longo prazo. Embora o SF n&#227;o ofere&#231;a um benef&#237;cio na redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por todas as causas em compara&#231;&#227;o com o SC, o procedimento n&#227;o aumentou o risco de trombose de stent, e mesmo o SEE pode diminuir significativamente a ocorr&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica maligna nestes pacientes espec&#237;ficos com as maiores les&#245;es coronarianas tromb&#243;ticas poss&#237;veis. Al&#233;m disso, o SF parece ser t&#227;o seguro como o SC, sem evid&#234;ncias de qualquer aumento de risco de longo prazo de todas as causas de morte e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio recorrente. O presente estudo, uma meta-an&#225;lise com base nos mais recentes dados dispon&#237;veis a partir de estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados que comparam SF versus SC em pacientes com IMEST, oferece importantes no&#231;&#245;es sobre a relativa seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia dos SF.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Wang S; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Wang L, Wang H; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Wang L, Wang H, Li Z, Wang Y; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Dong P; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Wang L, Wang H, Wang Y; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Dong P, Duan N, Zhao Y, Wang S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
