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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">sNXjY7ktgLrJYpMFrNdgDGf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000500018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140060</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">O <italic>Heart Team</italic> &#233; fundamental para o
               Tratamento Transcateter da Estenose A&#243;rtica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Emer Egypto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Sergio de Santis Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Accorsi</surname>
            <given-names>Tarso Augusto Duenhas</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Alves</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pomerantzeff</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Maria Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tarasoutchi</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;vio</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HC</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv3">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>rasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - InCor - HC FMUSP, S&#227;o
                  Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Vitor Emer Egypto Rosa,</bold> Rua da Cristiano Viana,
               Cerqueira Cesar. CEP 05411-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail:
                  <email>vitoremer@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>e55</fpage>
      <lpage>e56</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Estenose da valva a&#243;rtica / cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipe de assist&#234;ncia ao paciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Proje&#231;&#245;es demogr&#225;ficas indicam que o contingente de idosos no pa&#237;s duplicar&#225; nos pr&#243;ximos
         vinte anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, implicando aumento da preval&#234;ncia de
         doen&#231;as relacionadas &#224; senilidade, como a Estenose Valvar A&#243;rtica (EAo) degenerativa,
         diagnosticada em 3% a 5% da popula&#231;&#227;o acima dos 75 anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Recentemente, houve o
         desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de tratamento para a EAo, representadas
         fundamentalmente pelo implante transcateter de pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica (TAVI -
            <italic>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation</italic>), que se tornou op&#231;&#227;o
         terap&#234;utica para pacientes cujo tratamento cir&#250;rgico convencional n&#227;o &#233; exequ&#237;vel. Esse
         cen&#225;rio atual, caracterizado pela alta demanda do grupo de adultos idosos em expans&#227;o,
         associada &#224; disponibiliza&#231;&#227;o de novos m&#233;todos de tratamento, <italic>expertise</italic>
         cl&#237;nica para correto diagn&#243;stico da doen&#231;a valvar, avalia&#231;&#227;o das comorbidades e riscos de
         interven&#231;&#245;es, al&#233;m da racionaliza&#231;&#227;o de recursos, tendo ci&#234;ncia da complexidade e dos altos
         custos envolvidos na difus&#227;o da TAVI.</p>
    <p>A pr&#225;tica assistencial demonstra que, para uma sele&#231;&#227;o adequada do melhor m&#233;todo
         terap&#234;utico para a EAo de alto risco cir&#250;rgico, &#233; imprescind&#237;vel a intera&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica
         multidisciplinar, contemplando todas as caracter&#237;sticas biopsicossociais desses pacientes.
         Nesse contexto, diversos centros m&#233;dicos t&#234;m incorporado continuadamente o conceito do
            <italic>Heart Team</italic> para tomada de decis&#227;o. O <italic>Heart Team</italic>, grupo
         composto por diferentes especialistas envolvidos no cuidado dessa valvopatia, agrega
         opini&#245;es para an&#225;lise individualizada desses pacientes, desde os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade
         e adequa&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas do procedimento at&#233; os cuidados p&#243;s-TAVI. Cada subespecialidade
         cardiol&#243;gica tamb&#233;m desempenha pap&#233;is particulares na realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento. O
         cardiologista cl&#237;nico &#233; respons&#225;vel pela sele&#231;&#227;o e indica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes e acompanhamento
         pr&#233; e p&#243;s-procedimento; o cirurgi&#227;o cardiovascular, pela realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento
         transa&#243;rtico e transapical, aux&#237;lio no acesso transfemoral, al&#233;m do tratamento de poss&#237;veis
         complica&#231;&#245;es; o radiologista, pela avalia&#231;&#227;o da via de acesso e di&#226;metros valvares,
         auxiliando na escolha adequada da pr&#243;tese; o ecocardiografista, pela caracteriza&#231;&#227;o
         anatomofuncional da valvopatia e avalia&#231;&#227;o intraoperat&#243;rio do posicionamento adequado da
         pr&#243;tese e das complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-procedimento; e o hemodinamicista, pela indica&#231;&#227;o e
         realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento. Al&#233;m desses, o <italic>Heart Team</italic> tamb&#233;m &#233; composto
         por outros profissionais, como enfermagem, fisioterapia, nutricionistas, psic&#243;logos, dentre
         outros. Mundialmente, h&#225; uma crescente incorpora&#231;&#227;o do <italic>Heart Team</italic> pelos
         centros cardiol&#243;gicos, em conformidade com as considera&#231;&#245;es das &#250;ltimas diretrizes em
         doen&#231;as valvares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Os consensos s&#227;o claros em desaconselhar a realiza&#231;&#227;o da TAVI em
         locais desprovidos de <italic>Heart Team</italic>, o que refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia do
         alinhamento institucional &#224;s novas recomenda&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>At&#233; este momento, as indica&#231;&#245;es da TAVI restringem-se aos subgrupos de portadores de EAo
         considerados inoper&#225;veis ou de alto risco cir&#250;rgico, embasadas nos resultados do estudo
         PARTNER (coorte B e A, respectivamente)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Na coorte B, publicada em
         2010, pacientes com EAo com contraindica&#231;&#227;o &#224; cirurgia eram randomizados para TAVI ou
         tratamento padr&#227;o (cl&#237;nico ou por valvoplastia com cateterbal&#227;o) com redu&#231;&#227;o surpreendente
         de mortalidade de 20% em um ano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. Ressalta-se que
         poucas interven&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas avaliadas por estudos randomizados t&#234;m resultados similares. J&#225;
         a coorte A, estudo de n&#227;o inferioridade comparou a TAVI &#224; troca cir&#250;rgica da valva a&#243;rtica
         em pacientes de alto risco operat&#243;rio, demonstrando taxas similares de sobreviv&#234;ncia em um
            ano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Nessa publica&#231;&#227;o, o risco pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio
         foi estabelecido atrav&#233;s do escore STS (Society for Thoracic Surgeons)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Entretanto, na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria existem cr&#237;ticas &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o desses
         escores nos pacientes de alto risco, tendo em vista que n&#227;o foram desenvolvidos com
         popula&#231;&#245;es submetidas &#224; TAVI, al&#233;m da exclus&#227;o de vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas que podem aumentar
         significativamente a morbimortalidade. Dentre as vari&#225;veis de risco do idoso, a
         fragilidade, caracterizada como uma reserva fisiol&#243;gica debilitada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, ainda representa um desafio na avalia&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria, apesar da
         alta preval&#234;ncia (um ter&#231;o dos pacientes acima dos 80 anos) e impacto na morbidade
            p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Para a defini&#231;&#227;o e padroniza&#231;&#227;o
         desse fen&#243;tipo foram elaborados escores, como o &#237;ndice introduzido por Fried e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> proveniente da coorte do <italic>Cardiovascular
            Health Study</italic> (CHS) com 5.317 pacientes com mais de 65 anos, avaliando itens
         como: perda de peso, exaust&#227;o, fraqueza, velocidade de caminhada e redu&#231;&#227;o de atividade
         f&#237;sica. Aqueles que apresentam tr&#234;s ou mais crit&#233;rios s&#227;o considerados fr&#225;geis, agregando
         risco de complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;scir&#250;rgicas, incluindo mortalidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Contudo, devemos utilizar os escores como ferramentas auxiliares (segunda
         opini&#227;o) &#224; impress&#227;o cl&#237;nica e n&#227;o como instrumentos absolutos de classifica&#231;&#227;o deles
         (matematiza&#231;&#227;o da medicina)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. Ressaltase que
         altera&#231;&#245;es hematol&#243;gicas, doen&#231;a hep&#225;tica avan&#231;ada, doen&#231;a pulmonar avan&#231;ada, desnutri&#231;&#227;o,
         grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o da aorta, dificuldades para acesso cir&#250;rgico, experi&#234;ncia/ volume de
         cirurgias do centro s&#227;o caracter&#237;sticas pouco contempladas nos escores de risco e
         sabidamente t&#234;m impacto grande no aumento do risco cir&#250;rgico.</p>
    <p>A crescente experi&#234;ncia no uso da TAVI fez que esse procedimento tenha se tornado mais
         seguro e encorajado a amplia&#231;&#227;o de suas indica&#231;&#245;es tamb&#233;m para pacientes com EAo com risco
         cir&#250;rgico intermedi&#225;rio, classificados pelo EuroSCORE II<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> e o STS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, al&#233;m de portadores de
         biopr&#243;tese em posi&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica com disfun&#231;&#227;o (<italic>valve-in-valve</italic>). Entretanto,
         na maioria dos casos, esses pacientes apresentam outras vari&#225;veis, n&#227;o contempladas nesses
         escores, agregando risco ou contraindicando a cirurgia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. O desconhecimento do tempo de durabilidade da pr&#243;tese e do poss&#237;vel
         benef&#237;cio em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; troca valvar cir&#250;rgica faz que a indica&#231;&#227;o de TAVI para esse grupo
         seja excepcional, sendo ainda necess&#225;rio o resultado de grandes <italic>trials</italic>
         randomizados em andamento, como SURTAVI e PARTNER 2, para a expans&#227;o da indica&#231;&#227;o de TAVI
         para esses pacientes. Atualmente, a Diretriz Brasileira e Interamericana de Valvopatias
            2011<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>, uma das primeiras a contemplar a TAVI
         como op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica em EAo, embasa esse procedimento apenas para paciente com
         contraindica&#231;&#227;o &#224; cirurgia convencional para implante de pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, o paciente portador de EAo importante sintom&#225;tica tem doen&#231;a card&#237;aca
         complexa e com amea&#231;a &#224; vida em curto prazo, al&#233;m de frequentes m&#250;ltiplas comorbidades.
         Cerca de 30% desses pacientes n&#227;o s&#227;o eleg&#237;veis para cirurgia card&#237;aca convencional, por
         risco cir&#250;rgico proibitivo. Para que esse subgrupo de pacientes seja beneficiado por
         poss&#237;vel TAVI, impera-se avalia&#231;&#227;o minuciosa pr&#233;-tomada de decis&#227;o. Ainda h&#225; poucos dados
         cient&#237;ficos para guiar de forma definitiva essa quest&#227;o, al&#233;m de grande heterogeneidade dos
         pacientes. Nesse cen&#225;rio, o Heart Team tem benef&#237;cio inequ&#237;voco na condu&#231;&#227;o desses casos.
         At&#233; o presente momento, a mensagem &#233; que "n&#227;o existe TAVI se n&#227;o existir <italic>Heart
            Team</italic>"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do
               manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Rosa VEE, Lopes ASSA, Accorsi
               TADA, Lemos Neto PA, Pomerantzeff PMA, Tarasoutchi F.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Is Heart Team Fundamental to Aortic Stenosis Transcatheter
               Treatment?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Emer Egypto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Sergio de Santis Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Accorsi</surname>
            <given-names>Tarso Augusto Duenhas</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Alves</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pomerantzeff</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Maria Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tarasoutchi</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;vio</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HC</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv3">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - InCor - HC FMUSP, S&#227;o
                  Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Vitor Emer Egypto Rosa,</bold> Rua da Cristiano Viana,
               Cerqueira Cesar. Postal Code 05411-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail:
                  <email>vitoremer@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Aortic valve stenosis / surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient care team</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart failure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Demographic projections have shown that the contingent of elderly people in Brazil will
            double within the next 20 years<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, with a
            consequent increase in the prevalence of aging-related diseases, such as degenerative
            aortic valve stenosis (AoS), diagnosed in 3% to 5% of the population older than 75
               yeas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. New modalities of treatment for AoS have been recently developed,
            mainly represented by the transcatheter implantation of aortic prosthesis (TAVI -
            Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), which has become a therapeutic option for
            patients whose conventional surgical treatment is not feasible. In the current scenario,
            characterized by the high demand of the increasing elderly population, the availability
            of new treatment methods provides clinical expertise for the accurate diagnosis of heart
            valve disease, assessment of the comorbidities and risks of interventions, in addition
            to the rationalization of resources, considering the complexity and high costs involved
            in TAVI.</p>
      <p>Clinical practice has shown that the adequate selection of the best therapeutic method
            for high surgical-risk AoS requires multidisciplinary medical interaction, contemplating
            all the patients' biopsychosocial characteristics. Thus, several medical centers have
            continuously incorporated the 'Heart Team' concept for decision-making. The Heart Team,
            a group composed by different specialists involved in managing heart valve disease,
            gathers opinions for the individualized analysis of those patients, from eligibility
            criteria and technical adequacy of the procedure to post-TAVI care. Each cardiological
            sub-specialty also plays particular roles in the procedure performance. The clinical
            cardiologist is responsible for patients' selection and indication and for pre-and
            post-procedure follow-up. The cardiovascular surgeon is responsible for performing the
            transaortic and transapical procedure, helping with the transfemoral approach, and
            treating possible complications. The radiologist is responsible for assessing the access
            path and valve diameters, and helping choosing the adequate prosthesis. The
            echocardiographer is responsible for the anatomical and functional characterization of
            the valve disease and intraoperative assessment of the adequate position of the
            prosthesis and post-procedure complications. The interventional cardiologist is
            responsible for indicating the procedure and performing it. In addition, the Heart Team
            also comprises other professionals, such as nurses, physical therapists, nutritionists,
            and psychologists. Worldwide, there is an increasing incorporation of the Heart Team
            into cardiological centers, in accordance with the considerations of the last guidelines
            on heart valve diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. There is consensus about not encouraging the
            performance of TAVI at sites lacking a Heart Team, which emphasizes the importance of
            institutional alignment with the new recommendations.</p>
      <p>So far, TAVI indications have been restricted to subgroups of patients with AoS
            considered inoperable or at high surgical risk, supported by the results of the
            Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) trial (cohorts B and A,
               respectively)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. In cohort B, published in 2010, patients with
            inoperable AoS were randomized to either TAVI or standard treatment (clinical or
            balloon-catheter valvuloplasty), and a surprising 20% reduction in mortality in one year
            was observed<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. It is worth noting that few
            medical interventions assessed in randomized studies have yielded similar results.
            Cohort A, a non-inferiority study, however, has compared TAVI with the surgical aortic
            valve replacement in patients at high surgical risk, and has shown similar one-year
            survival rates<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. In that study, the preoperative
            risk has been established by use of the Society for Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. However, on daily practice the use of scores for
            high-risk patients has been criticized, because they have not been developed on
            populations submitted to TAVI, in addition to the exclusion of the clinical variables
            that could significantly increase morbidity and mortality. Of the risk variables for the
            elderly, frailty, characterized as a weakened physiological reserve<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, still represents a challenge in preoperative assessment, despite
            its high prevalence (one third of patients older than 80 years) and impact on
            postoperative morbidity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. To define and
            standardize a phenotype of frailty, Fried et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
            have developed a score using data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) with 5,317
            patients older than 65 years, and have assessed the following items: unintentional
            weight loss; self-reported exhaustion; weakness; slow walking speed; and low physical
            activity. Individuals meeting at least three of those criteria were considered frail,
            being at higher risk for postoperative complications, including mortality<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. However, scores should be used as aiding tools
            (second opinion) to clinical impression rather than absolute classification tools
            (mathematization of Medicine)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. It is worth
            noting that hematological changes, advanced liver and lung diseases, malnourishment,
            aortic calcification grade, difficult surgical approach, and surgical experience/volume
            of the center are characteristics rarely included in risk scores and known to have a
            large impact on the increase of surgical risks.</p>
      <p>The increasing experience with the use of TAVI has made it safer and has encouraged
            widening its indications also for patients with AoS at intermediate surgical risk,
            classified according to the EuroSCORE II<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> and
            STS score<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, in addition to those with
            dysfunctional aortic bioprosthesis (valve-in-valve). However, in most cases, those
            patients had other variables not contemplated in those scores, which added risk to
            surgery or even contraindicated it<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. Ignoring
            the durability of the prosthesis and the possible benefit of surgical valve replacement
            makes the TAVI indication to that group exceptional. Therefore, the results of large
            ongoing randomized trials, such as the SURTAVI and PARTNER 2, are awaited to extend TAVI
            indication for those patients. Currently, the 2011 Brazilian and Inter-American
            Guidelines on Valve Diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>, one of the first
            to consider TAVI as a therapeutic option for AoS, consider that procedure only to
            patients to whom conventional aortic prosthesis implantation is contraindicated.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, symptomatic patients with important AoS have complex cardiac disease,
            which is life-threatening in the short run, in addition to frequent multiple
            comorbidities. Approximately 30% of those patients are not eligible for conventional
            cardiac surgery, due to their prohibitive surgical risk. For that subgroup of patients
            to benefit from a possible TAVI, careful assessment should precede decision-making. That
            scenario is compounded by the scarcity of scientific data definitively guiding that
            question and the high heterogeneity of patients. Thus, the Heart Team undoubtedly
            benefits the management of those patients. So far, the message is "there is no TAVI if
            there is no Heart Team"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Writing of the manuscript and Critical
                  revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Rosa VEE, Lopes ASSA, Accorsi
                  TADA, Lemos Neto PA, Pomerantzeff PMA, Tarasoutchi F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
