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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
                    Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">dYbX7bZfrQRRwJcGNT3phYD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000500015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140061</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt"><italic>Turnover</italic> da Matriz Extracelular: Um Equil&#237;brio entre as MMPs e
                    seus Inibidores</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bugan</surname>
            <given-names>Baris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Aksaz Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mugla</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Aksaz Military Hospital - Departamento de
                    Cardiologia, Mugla, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty - Departamento
                    de Cardiologia, Ankara, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Malatya Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Malatya</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Malatya Military Hospital - Departamento de
                    Cardiologia, Malatya, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Emre Yalcinkaya,</bold> Aksaz Military Hospital
                    Department of Cardiology; Aksaz Asker Hastanesi, KardiyolojiBolumu, 48750,
                    Aksaz/Marmaris/Mugla, Turkey. Email: <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>519</fpage>
      <lpage>520</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2014</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
                        Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
                        unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
                        medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Metaloproteinases 1 da matriz</kwd>
        <kwd>Inibidores de metaloproteinases de matriz</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica</kwd>
        <kwd>Matriz extracelular</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Ao editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos com muito interesse o artigo de Santos e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, intitulado "Mudan&#231;a Precoce da Matriz Extracelular e Par&#226;metros
            Diast&#243;licos na S&#237;ndrome Metab&#243;lica", que foi publicado na edi&#231;&#227;o de outubro dos
                <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>. Os autores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> tiveram como objetivo comparar a fun&#231;&#227;o
            diast&#243;lica, biomarcadores representando a atividade da matriz extracelular (MMP9 e
            TIMP1), inflama&#231;&#227;o e estresse hemodin&#226;mico card&#237;aco em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica
            e controles saud&#225;veis. Agradecemos aos autores os seus excelentes dados e o valioso
            estudo, contudo, alguns coment&#225;rios podem ser ben&#233;ficos.</p>
    <p>As metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs) desempenham pap&#233;is importantes no desenvolvimento
            de tecidos, o <italic>turnover</italic> do col&#225;geno de matriz, a repara&#231;&#227;o e a
                renova&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Os TIMPs s&#227;o normalmente secretados juntamente com quantidades
            vari&#225;veis de seus MMPs e regulam as atividades proteol&#237;ticas dos MMPs ligando-se
            firmemente aos seus pontos catal&#237;ticos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
    <p>O <italic>turnover</italic> de matriz extracelular (ECM) &#233; amplamente modulado pela
            intera&#231;&#227;o entre MMPs e seus TIMPs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Uma correla&#231;&#227;o e
            influ&#234;ncias rec&#237;procas entre MMP e seus TIMP determina o efeito combinado sobre o
                <italic>turnover</italic> do ECM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
    <p>Padr&#245;es de express&#227;o de MMP9 e TIMP1 (um inibidor espec&#237;fico de MMP9) est&#227;o estreitamente
            correlacionados com os processos fisiol&#243;gicos, patol&#243;gicos e micro-ambientais
            caracterizados pela degrada&#231;&#227;o e ac&#250;mulo de ECm<sup>3</sup>. Um equil&#237;brio entre MMP9 e
            TIMP1 &#233; um par&#226;metro importante na regula&#231;&#227;o tanto da ativa&#231;&#227;o da enzima quanto da
            funcionalidade no tecido<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Por conseguinte, a rela&#231;&#227;o MMP9/TIMP1 poderia
            ser vista como um marcador mais fi&#225;vel, &#250;til e determinante na avalia&#231;&#227;o da sua
            potencial capacidade progn&#243;stica comparada com o MMP9 e o TIMP1 separadamente.
            Determinar as altera&#231;&#245;es no equil&#237;brio e atividade de ECM usando um m&#233;todo mais adequado
            poderia possibilitar a observa&#231;&#227;o das influ&#234;ncias sobre os resultados com maior
            precis&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Santos AB, Junges M, Silvello D, Macari A, Ara&#250;jo BS, Seligman
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            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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        <mixed-citation>3. Avadanei R, Caruntu ID, Amalinei C, Lozneanu L, Balan R, Grigoras
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              <surname>Shubayev</surname>
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            <etal>et al</etal>
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          <article-title xml:lang="en">The MMP-9/ TIMP-1 axis controls the status of
                        differentiation and function of myelin-forming Schwann cells in nerve
                        regeneration</article-title>
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    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Agradecemos os coment&#225;rios inteligentes e valiosos. Sabe-se que o equil&#237;brio entre a
                metaloproteinase (MMP) e seus inibidores de tecido (TIMP) regula parcialmente a
                homeostase da matriz extracelular do mioc&#225;rdio. Os comentaristas sugeriram que a
                descri&#231;&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o de MMP / TIMP poderia fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais sobre a
                degrada&#231;&#227;o e a modula&#231;&#227;o da s&#237;ntese de col&#225;geno. Isto poderia ser inferido a partir
                da nossa an&#225;lise anterior, onde os pacientes com s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica (SM)
                apresentaram n&#237;veis mais altos de MMP9 em compara&#231;&#227;o com controles saud&#225;veis, apesar
                de terem n&#237;veis semelhantes de TIMP1. Optamos principalmente por mostrar estes
                biomarcadores individualmente fornecendo uma descri&#231;&#227;o mais detalhada do cen&#225;rio,
                considerando a resposta individual e a intera&#231;&#227;o entre estes biomarcadores.</p>
      <p>Realizando a an&#225;lise sugerida, a rela&#231;&#227;o MMP9/TIMP1 foi maior no MS em rela&#231;&#227;o aos
                controles ( 2,4 &#177; 1,1 vs 1,5 em MS &#177; 0,6 no grupo controle, p &lt; 0,001) ,
                refletindo os achados iniciais. Al&#233;m disso, na an&#225;lise multivariada, a MMP9/ TIMP1
                mais elevado manteve-se associada ao MS (p = 0,006), independentemente das restantes
                co-vari&#225;veis relevantes. A rela&#231;&#227;o MMP9/TIMP1 superior, refor&#231;a o conceito de que um
                aumento do <italic>turnover</italic> de col&#225;geno est&#225; associado ao MS, mesmo nesta
                popula&#231;&#227;o jovem. Se as altera&#231;&#245;es do MMP9 individualmente ou na rela&#231;&#227;o MMP9/TIMP1
                tem valor progn&#243;stico em MS continua a ser determinado. O fato das altera&#231;&#245;es do
                MMP9 individualmente ou na rela&#231;&#227;o MMP9/ TIMP1 terem ou n&#227;o valor progn&#243;stico em MS
                continua por esclarecer.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Extracellular Matrix Turnover: a Balance between MMPs
                    and their Inhibitors</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bugan</surname>
            <given-names>Baris</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Aksaz Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mugla</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Aksaz Military Hospital - Departamento de
                    Cardiologia, Mugla, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty - Departamento
                    de Cardiologia, Ankara, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Malatya Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Malatya</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Malatya Military Hospital - Departamento de
                    Cardiologia, Malatya, Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Emre Yalcinkaya,</bold> Aksaz Military Hospital
                    Department of Cardiology; Aksaz Asker Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Bolumu, 48750,
                    Aksaz/Marmaris/Mugla, Turkey Email: <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Matrix Metalloproteinase 1</kwd>
        <kwd>Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors</kwd>
        <kwd>Metabolic X Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Extracellular matrix</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>To the Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article by Santos et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>, entitled "Early Change of Extracellular Matrix and Diastolic
                Parameters in Metabolic Syndrome", which was published in october of Arquivos
                Brasileiros de Cardiologia. The authors<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
                aimed to compare diastolic function, biomarkers representing extracellular matrix
                activity (MMP9 and TIMP1), inflammation and cardiac hemodynamic stress in patients
                with the metabolic syndrome and healthy controls. We thank authors for their
                excellent data and valuable study but some comments may be of beneficial.</p>
      <p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play major roles in tissue development, matrix
                collagen turnover, repair and remodeling<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. The TIMPs are
                usually secreted together with variable amounts of their MMPs and regulate MMPs'
                proteolytic activities by binding tightly to their catalytic sites<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
      <p>Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is largely modulated by the interaction between
                MMPs and their TIMPs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>A correlation and reciprocal influences
                between MMP and their TIMP determines the combined effect on ECM turnover<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>Expression patterns of MMP9 andTIMP1 (a specific inhibitor of MMP9), are closely
                correlated with physiological, pathological and micro-environmental processes
                characterized by the degradation and accumulation of the ECm<sup>3</sup>. A balance
                between MMP9 and TIMP1 is a major parameter in regulating both the enzyme activation
                and functionality in the tissue<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Consequently,
                MMP9/TIMP1 ratio could be viewed as a more reliable, useful and determinative marker
                in the evaluation of their potential prognostic capacities compared with MMP9 and
                TIMP1 separately. Determining the changes in the ECM balance and activity with a
                more appropriate method could give a chance to observe the influences on the results
                more precisely.</p>
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        <article-title xml:lang="en">Reply</article-title>
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      <p>We appreciate the thoughtful and valuable comments. It is currently known that the
                balance between metalloproteinase (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) partly
                regulates the myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis. The commenters suggested
                that the description of the MMP/TIMP ratio would provide additional information
                about degradation and modulation of collagen synthesis.i,ii. This could be inferred
                from our previous analysis where patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) had higher
                levels of MMP9 compared to healthy controls, despite similar levels of TIMP1.iii We
                primarily opted to show these biomarkers individually providing a more comprehensive
                description of the scenario, considering the individual response and interplay
                between these biomarkers.</p>
      <p>Performing the suggested analysis, the MMP9/TIMP1 ratio was higher in MS compared to
                controls (2.4 &#177; 1.1 in MS vs. 1.5 &#177; 0.6 in control group, p &lt; 0.001), reflecting
                the original findings. Additionally, in multivariate analysis, higher MMP9/TIMP1
                remained associated with MS (p = 0.006), independently of the remaining relevant
                covariates. The higher MMP9/TIMP1 ratio reinforces the concept that an increased
                turnover of collagen is associated with MS even in this young population. Whether
                changes in MMP9 individually or in MMP9/TIMP1 ratio have prognostic value in MS
                remains to be determined.</p>
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