<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="3.0" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">hFZFTwPvsctSKTrVhLsQDwD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000500010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014005000053</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140053</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Incid&#234;ncia de Arritmias Ventriculares ap&#243;s Terapia Celular
               em Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia Chag&#225;sica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Sebba Barroso de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Sandra Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Elis Marra de Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Ant&#244;nio Batista</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Salvador</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de
                  Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia (GO) &#8722; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Adriana Sebba Barroso de Souza, </bold>Universidade Federal de
               Goi&#225;s, - Av. Esperan&#231;a, s/n - Setor Itatiaia. CEP 74001-970, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil.
               E-mail: <email>adrianasebba@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Costa SA, Freitas EMM, Carvalho G; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos
                  dados: Souza ASB, S&#225; LAB; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Souza ASB; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito:
                  Souza ASB; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual
                  importante: Souza WKSB, Souza ASB, Rassi S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Mestrado de Adriana Sebba Barroso de Souza pela
                  Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>05</issue>
      <fpage>489</fpage>
      <lpage>494</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p> O tratamento com c&#233;lulas-tronco nas diversas cardiomiopatias pode estar
                  relacionado ao aumento nas arritmias.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p> Determinar se a inje&#231;&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de c&#233;lulas-tronco em portadores de
                  cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica est&#225; associada ao aumento da incid&#234;ncia de arritmias
                  ventriculares, comparado ao Grupo Controle.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p> Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, que avaliou o prontu&#225;rio de 60 pacientes que
                  participaram de estudo transversal anterior. Foram coletados os seguintes dados:
                  idade, sexo, medicamentos utilizados e vari&#225;veis do Holter, que demonstraram
                  presen&#231;a de arritmia complexa. O Holter foi realizado em quatro momentos:
                  randomiza&#231;&#227;o, 2, 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. O Grupo Controle recebeu tratamento
                  medicamentoso e inje&#231;&#227;o intracoronaria de placebo e o Grupo Estudo tratamento
                  medicamentoso e implante aut&#243;logo de c&#233;lulas-tronco.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p> N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre os Grupos Controle e Estudo nos crit&#233;rios de arritmia
                  analisados. Na an&#225;lise intragrupo, foi encontrada diferen&#231;a com signific&#226;ncia
                  entre os exames de Holter do Grupo Estudo na vari&#225;vel total de extrass&#237;stoles
                  ventriculares comparada &#224; basal, sendo entre de p = 0,014 entre Holter na
                  randomiza&#231;&#227;o e Holter aos 2 meses, p = 0,004 entre Holter na randomiza&#231;&#227;o e Holter
                  aos 6 meses, e p = 0,014 entre Holter na randomiza&#231;&#227;o e Holter aos 12 meses. A
                  vari&#225;vel taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada entre Holter na randomiza&#231;&#227;o e
                  Holter aos 6 meses apresentou p = 0,036.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p> A inje&#231;&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de c&#233;lulas-tronco n&#227;o aumentou a incid&#234;ncia de arritmia
                  ventricular complexa em pacientes com cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica, comparada ao Grupo
                  Controle.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplante de C&#233;lulas-Tronco</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Chag&#225;sica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="5"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="6"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, a Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (IC) emergiu como problema de sa&#250;de
            p&#250;blica. Kannel, a partir de estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos obtidos no Framinghan Heart Study,
            estimou que, nos Estados Unidos, existam 5 milh&#245;es de portadores de IC, com
            aproximadamente 400 mil novos casos por ano. No Brasil, presume-se que o problema tenha
            a mesma magnitude<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>.</p>
      <p>Segundo dados da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS), ainda que a transmiss&#227;o vetorial
            tenha sido interrompida em pa&#237;ses como Brasil, Chile e Uruguai, a preval&#234;ncia de doentes
            com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica cr&#244;nica foi estimada entre 18 e 20 milh&#245;es de indiv&#237;duos na
            Am&#233;rica Latina, com 300 mil novos casos a cada ano, e 50 mil mortes anuais associados &#224;
               doen&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
      <p>A despeito do impacto amplamente favor&#225;vel com as novas drogas para o tratamento da IC,
            essa progride e o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes permanece reservado e com reduzida Qualidade
            de Vida e sobrevida. Assim, existe um enorme interesse e necessidade de se buscarem
            novas alternativas terap&#234;uticas que venham proporcionar efeitos ben&#233;ficos na evolu&#231;&#227;o
            desses pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>Dos novos procedimentos terap&#234;uticos um dos mais promissores parece ser a terapia
            celular.</p>
      <p>No Brasil, estudos preliminares, com inclus&#227;o de n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes,
            demonstraram que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas-tronco da medula &#243;ssea &#233; segura e
            potencialmente efetiva em pacientes com IC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>As c&#233;lulas-tronco apresentam um potencial intr&#237;nseco para arritmia, principalmente
            relacionada &#224; sua falta comum de integra&#231;&#227;o eletromec&#226;nica no mioc&#225;rdio destinat&#225;rio,
            sendo tamb&#233;m importante reconhecer que os pacientes eleg&#237;veis para terapia de
            substitui&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas s&#227;o propensos a desenvolver arritmias devido &#224; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca
            de base<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
      <p>O estudo de Satsuki Fukushima forneceu evid&#234;ncias experimentais de que a inje&#231;&#227;o
            intramioc&#225;rdica direta de c&#233;lulas-tronco da medula &#243;ssea pode induzir a arritmias
            ventriculares graves nos primeiros 14 dias ap&#243;s a inje&#231;&#227;o intramioc&#225;rdica em modelos
            insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>.</p>
      <p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a frequ&#234;ncia de arritmia ventricular entre um
            grupo de pacientes que recebeu inje&#231;&#227;o intracoronariana de c&#233;lulas-tronco com um grupo
            controle.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica e Pesquisa do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da
            Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, com protocolo n&#250;mero 179/2011.</p>
      <p>Trata-se de uma an&#225;lise retrospectiva de uma coorte de pacientes participantes de um
            ensaio cl&#237;nico prospectivo, duplo-cego e randomizado inclu&#237;dos no Estudo Multic&#234;ntrico
            Randomizado de Terapia Celular em Cardiopatias (EMRTCC) - bra&#231;o cardiopatia chag&#225;sica,
            realizado no Servi&#231;o de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade
            Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
      <p>A amostra foi constitu&#237;da por 60 pacientes inclu&#237;dos no referido protocolo no per&#237;odo de
            abril de 2006 a novembro de 2009 e que tiveram seguimento de pelo menos 1 ano a partir
            da randomiza&#231;&#227;o. Esta foi uma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram:
            ter sido inclu&#237;do no estudo e ter realizado os exames de Holter durante o per&#237;odo de
            acompanhamento. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de forma duplo-cega: o Grupo
            Controle (GC) recebeu tratamento medicamentoso adequado e otimizado para IC e inje&#231;&#227;o
            intracoron&#225;ria de placebo; o Grupo Estudo (GE) recebeu, al&#233;m do tratamento medicamentoso
            adequado, o implante aut&#243;logo de c&#233;lulas-tronco derivado de aspirado de medula &#243;ssea.
            Randomizaram-se 34 pacientes no GE e 26 no GC. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no
            per&#237;odo de janeiro a julho de 2012 por meio do prontu&#225;rio m&#233;dico. Essa randomiza&#231;&#227;o foi
            feita pelo estudo EMRTCC a n&#237;vel nacional, o que justifica o fato de que, no Servi&#231;o de
            Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, os
            grupos tenham ficado com amostras diferentes.</p>
      <p>Foram coletados dados referentes &#224; idade (em anos); sexo (masculino ou feminino); &#243;bito
            (sim ou n&#227;o); medicamentos utilizados (bloqueador do sistema renina-angiotensina,
            digit&#225;licos, inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina, espironolactona, diur&#233;ticos,
            amiodarona, betabloqueadores); o n&#250;mero e a viabilidade das c&#233;lulas-tronco usadas para o
            transplante.</p>
      <p>A presen&#231;a de arritmia foi avaliada a partir do Holter. Os exames de Holter foram
            realizados na randomiza&#231;&#227;o (basal &#8722; Holter 1) e aos 2 (Holter 2), 6 (Holter 3) e 12
            (Holter 4) meses de seguimento. Os crit&#233;rios avaliados no Holter foram o total de
            batimentos, de extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares, de extrass&#237;stoles supraventriculares, total
            de Taquicardia Ventricular N&#227;o Sustentada (TVNS), e de epis&#243;dios de Taquicardia
            Ventricular Sustentada (TVS). Foi considerada como TVNS a presen&#231;a de tr&#234;s ou mais
            batimentos ventriculares ect&#243;picos consecutivos em um intervalo de 30 segundos, com
            frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca acima de cem batimentos por minuto, enquanto TVS foi considerada a
            presen&#231;a de batimentos ventriculares ect&#243;picos por um per&#237;odo maior que 30 segundos ou
            que causasse instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica em qualquer intervalo de tempo com frequ&#234;ncia
            card&#237;aca acima de cem batimentos por minuto. Para efeito do estudo, foi considerado
            arritmia ventricular um aumento na incid&#234;ncia no total de TVNS e epis&#243;dios de TVS.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados foram digitados no <italic>software Excel</italic> para Windows e analisados
               por meio do <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences </italic>(SPSS) nas
               vers&#245;es 17.0 e 19.0.</p>
        <p>A idade foi apresentada em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o e o sexo em frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e
               relativa.</p>
        <p>O teste de Fisher foi utilizado para comparar a frequ&#234;ncia de utiliza&#231;&#227;o de
               medicamentos entre GE e o GC.</p>
        <p>Ap&#243;s aplica&#231;&#227;o do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para as vari&#225;veis quantitativas obtidas
               no Holter, foram realizados o teste de <italic>t</italic> de Student, para as
               vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal, e o teste de Mann Whitney, para aquelas com
               distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal. Esses testes foram utilizados para compara&#231;&#227;o entre
               grupos.</p>
        <p>Para comparar as vari&#225;veis do Holter em diferentes momentos intragrupo, utilizou-se o
               teste <italic>t</italic> de Student ou Wilcoxon, para a escolha a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos
               dados. O teste de Wilcoxon foi usado na compara&#231;&#227;o das porcentagens dos achados em
               rela&#231;&#227;o ao total de batimentos das vari&#225;veis: salvas de TVNS e total de epis&#243;dios de
               TVS, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao Holter em diferentes momentos intragrupos, para verificar a
               exist&#234;ncia ou n&#227;o de diferen&#231;a significativa entre os Holter.</p>
        <p>Para todas as an&#225;lises, foi fixado o n&#237;vel de 95% de confian&#231;a, ou seja,
               considerou-se p &lt; 0,05 como significativo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Os pacientes inclu&#237;dos, apresentavam a m&#233;dia de faixa et&#225;ria de 50,7 &#177; 9,6 anos, sendo
            70% (42) do sexo masculino e 30% (18) do sexo feminino. Ocorreram dez &#243;bitos no GE e
            nove no GC durante os 12 meses de acompanhamento.</p>
      <p>A viabilidade das c&#233;lulas-tronco foi de 98% nos dois grupos. A quantidade de c&#233;lulas no
            GC foi, em m&#233;dia, de 2,75 x 10<sup>8</sup> e, no GE, 2,62 x 10<sup>8</sup>. N&#227;o houve
            diferen&#231;a significativa entre os grupos.</p>
      <p>Os dados do Holter foram apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Tabela
               1</xref>, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o havendo diferen&#231;a entre os grupos com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis que
            demonstraram presen&#231;a de arritmia nos exames de Holter em nenhum dos momentos
            (randomiza&#231;&#227;o, 2 meses, 6 meses e 12 meses de seguimento).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t01">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Apresenta&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis obtidas por melo do Holter realizado na
                  randomiza&#231;&#227;o (Holter 1), 2 meses (Holter 2), 6 meses (Holter 3) e 12 meses (Holter
                  4) de seguimento no estudo, n = 60, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr align="center">
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Grupo Estudo</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Grupo Controle</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Valor de p</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 34)</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de batimentos</td>
              <td align="center">81.209,33 &#177; 17.417,57</td>
              <td align="center">86.343,54 &#177; 17.474,21</td>
              <td align="center">0,189</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">2.685,18 &#177; 3.052,48</td>
              <td align="center">2.640,06 &#177; 3.412,12</td>
              <td align="center">0,435</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles supraventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">926,77 &#177; 3.659,93</td>
              <td align="center">2.330,33 &#177; 9.875,09</td>
              <td align="center">0,514</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TVNS</td>
              <td align="center">5,15 &#177; 12,02</td>
              <td align="center">3,79 &#177; 5,68</td>
              <td align="center">0,744</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS</td>
              <td align="center">0,00 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 2</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 32)</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de batimentos</td>
              <td align="center">89.474,62 &#177; 10.906,01</td>
              <td align="center">88.457,09 &#177; 20.175,04</td>
              <td align="center">0,994</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">3.764,00 &#177; 5.313,65</td>
              <td align="center">3.611,22 &#177; 4.549,22</td>
              <td align="center">0,478</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles supraventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">1.363,07 &#177; 4.609,85</td>
              <td align="center">457,41 &#177; 1.703,04</td>
              <td align="center">0,994</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TVNS</td>
              <td align="center">29,92 &#177; 135,33</td>
              <td align="center">14,77 &#177; 33,31</td>
              <td align="center">0,456</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS</td>
              <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 3</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 28)</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 21)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de batimentos</td>
              <td align="center">92.394,25 &#177; 11.519,21</td>
              <td align="center">94.715,06 &#177; 19.856,30</td>
              <td align="center">0,836</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">4.817,48 &#177; 6.152,71</td>
              <td align="center">5.072,41 &#177; 7.508,33</td>
              <td align="center">0,379</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles supraventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">1.893,07 &#177; 5.341,60</td>
              <td align="center">2.580,45 &#177; 9.623,00</td>
              <td align="center">0,809</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TVNS</td>
              <td align="center">30,11 &#177; 135,37</td>
              <td align="center">24,12 &#177; 56,53</td>
              <td align="center">0,956</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS</td>
              <td align="center">2,11 &#177; 10,96</td>
              <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">0,277</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 4</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
              <td align="center">(n = 16)</td>
              <td align="center">&#160;</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de batimentos</td>
              <td align="center">96.965,00 &#177; 10.386,72</td>
              <td align="center">91.487,25 &#177; 16.403,77</td>
              <td align="center">0,255</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">9.713,17 &#177; 1.8607,40</td>
              <td align="center">4.234,29 &#177; 4.010,05</td>
              <td align="center">0,459</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de extrassistoles supraventriculares</td>
              <td align="center">1.480,58 &#177; 2.957,37</td>
              <td align="center">2.477,79 &#177; 8.422,73</td>
              <td align="center">0,862</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>TVNS</td>
              <td align="center">19,17 &#177; 36,47</td>
              <td align="center">2,25 &#177; 4,59</td>
              <td align="center">0,117</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS</td>
              <td align="center">0,12 &#177; 0,61</td>
              <td align="center">0,0 &#177; 0,0</td>
              <td align="center">0,400</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01t01">
            <p>Teste de Mann-Whitney; p &lt; 0,05. TVNS: taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o
                     sustentada; TVS: taquicardia ventricular sustentada.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Quando comparado o Holter 1 (randomiza&#231;&#227;o) aos demais, no GE, houve diferen&#231;a
            significativa entre o total de extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares em todas as compara&#231;&#245;es,
            diferen&#231;a no total de batimentos e TVNS entre os exames de Holter 1 e 3 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t02">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o entre os exames de Holter realizados no Grupo Estudo durante os 12
                  meses de seguimento, n = 60, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr align="center">
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de batimentos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn01t02">*</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t02">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Salvas de TVNS<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t02">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t02">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
              <td align="center">0,524</td>
              <td align="center">0,014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t02">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,070</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
              <td align="center">0,024<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t02">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,004<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t02">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,036<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t02">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,317</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
              <td align="center">0,083</td>
              <td align="center">0,014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t02">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,375</td>
              <td align="center">0,102</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="tfn01t02">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Foi usado o teste Student;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn02t02">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>No total de batimentos e teste Wilcoxon;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn03t02">
            <label>***</label>
            <p>no total de extrassistoles ventriculares TVNS e epis&#243;dios TVS e encontro
                     signific&#226;ncia p &lt; 0.05 nos itens</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn04t02">
            <p>Holter 1: realizado na randomiza&#231;&#227;o; Holter 2: realizado com 2 meses de
                     seguimento; Holter 3: realizado com 6 meses de seguimento; Holter 4: realizado
                     com 12 meses de seguimento. TVNS: taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada; TVS:
                     taquicardia ventricular sustentada.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A mesma an&#225;lise foi realizada no GC (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Tabela 3</xref>),
            por&#233;m sem apresentar signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t03">
        <label>Tabela 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o entre os exames de Holter realizados no Grupo Controle durante os
                  12 meses de seguimento, n = 60, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de batimentos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn01t03">*</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de extrassistoles ventriculares<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t03">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Salvas de TVNS<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t03">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Total de epis&#243;dios de TVS<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t03">**</xref>
								</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
              <td align="center">0,026<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t03">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,239</td>
              <td align="center">0,984</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
              <td align="center">0,014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t03">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,161</td>
              <td align="center">0,975</td>
              <td align="center">0,317</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
              <td align="center">0,015<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t03">***</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">0,128</td>
              <td align="center">0,061</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="tfn01t03">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Foi usado o teste Student;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn02t03">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>No total de batimentos e teste Wilcoxon;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn03t03">
            <label>***</label>
            <p>no total de extrassistoles ventriculares TVNS e epis&#243;dios TVS e encontro
                     signific&#226;ncia p &lt; 0.05 nos itens</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="tfn04t03">
            <p>Holter 1: realizado na randomiza&#231;&#227;o; Holter 2: realizado com 2 meses de
                     seguimento; Holter 3: realizado com 6 meses de seguimento; Holter 4: realizado
                     com 12 meses de seguimento. TVNS: taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada; TVS:
                     taquicardia ventricular sustentada.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Foi realizada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica no GE com as vari&#225;veis TVNS e TVS de forma
            percentual em rela&#231;&#227;o ao total de batimentos do Holter, a qual n&#227;o apresentou
            signific&#226;ncia na an&#225;lise intragrupo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Tabela 4</xref>).
            Essa avalia&#231;&#227;o foi realizada devido &#224; observa&#231;&#227;o de que o n&#250;mero total de batimentos,
            assim como a TVNS, teve aumento nos exames de Holter de seguimento.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t04">
        <label>Tabela 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Teste de compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada
                  (TVNS) e taquicardia ventricular sustentada (TVS) de forma percentual nos exames
                  de Holter com 2 meses, 6 meses e 12 meses de seguimento, n = 60, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s,
                  2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr align="center">
              <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                <bold>Compara&#231;&#227;o</bold>
              </th>
              <th colspan="2">
                <bold>Controle</bold>
              </th>
              <th colspan="2">
                <bold>Pesquisa</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Salvas de TVNS (p)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Total de epis&#243;dios TVS (p)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Salvas de TVNS (p)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center">
                <bold>Total de epis&#243;dios TVS (p)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
              <td align="center">0,904</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
              <td align="center">0,286</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
              <td align="center">0,796</td>
              <td align="center">0,317</td>
              <td align="center">0,198</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
              <td align="center">0,753</td>
              <td align="center">1,000</td>
              <td align="center">0,381</td>
              <td align="center">0,317</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01t04">
            <p>Teste Wilcoxon; p &lt; 0,05. Holter 1: realizado na randomiza&#231;&#227;o; Holter 2:
                     realizado com 2 meses de seguimento; Holter 3: realizado com 6 meses de
                     seguimento; Holter 4: realizado com 12 meses de seguimento.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica quanto &#224;s medica&#231;&#245;es para o tratamento da IC utilizadas
            pelos pacientes nos dois grupos, no momento da randomiza&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Tabela 5</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t05">
        <label>Tabela 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos medicamentos em uso pelos pacientes no momento da randomiza&#231;&#227;o, n
                  = 60, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s, 2010</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left">
                <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Grupo Estudo (n = 34) n (%)</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Grupo Controle (n = 26) n (%)</bold>
              </th>
              <th>
                <bold>Valor de p</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>BRA</td>
              <td align="center">7 (25,9)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (30,3)</td>
              <td align="center">0,212</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Digit&#225;licos</td>
              <td align="center">14 (51,9)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (42,4)</td>
              <td align="center">0,158</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>IECA</td>
              <td align="center">8 (29,6)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (30,3)</td>
              <td align="center">0,222</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Espironolactona</td>
              <td align="center">19 (70,4)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (63,6)</td>
              <td align="center">0,188</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Diur&#233;ticos</td>
              <td align="center">19 (70,4)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (75,8)</td>
              <td align="center">0,206</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Amiodarona</td>
              <td align="center">10 (37,0)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (33,3)</td>
              <td align="center">0,204</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Betabloqueadores</td>
              <td align="center">2 (7,4)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (36,4)</td>
              <td align="center">0,171</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN01t05">
            <p>Fonte: prontu&#225;rio dos pacientes. Teste Fisher. BRA: bloqueador do sistema
                     renina-angiotensina; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>No presente estudo, n&#227;o foi encontrado aumento do n&#250;mero de extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares
            isoladas, quando comparado com GC, em concord&#226;ncia com estudos de Vilas Boas e
               cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Os estudos de Vilas Boas e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> apresentaram pacientes
            com perfil semelhante ao nosso. Foram estudados 28 pacientes chag&#225;sicos em classe
            funcional III e IV do <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA). Vilas Boas e
               cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, tal qual este estudo, avaliaram pacientes com cardiomiopatia em
            est&#225;gio avan&#231;ado e comprovaram a seguran&#231;a quanto &#224; g&#234;nese de arritmias nesse grupo de
            pacientes.</p>
      <p>Dentro do GE, que recebeu as c&#233;lulas-tronco, &#233; poss&#237;vel perceber aumento na densidade de
            extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares, ao comparar o Holter basal com os realizados
            posteriormente com 2, 6 e 12 meses de seguimento, tendo essa diferen&#231;a significado
            estat&#237;stico. De tal modo, &#233; poss&#237;vel ponderar que houve aumento na incid&#234;ncia de
            extrass&#237;stole ventricular quando comparada com o basal do pr&#243;prio grupo. Em discord&#226;ncia
            com o estudo HEBE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> realizado na Holanda, que
            avaliou 200 pacientes isqu&#234;micos que receberam a terapia celular e infus&#227;o de
            c&#233;lulas-tronco dentro de 12 horas do evento isqu&#234;mico, com excelente perfil de
            seguran&#231;a, o presente estudo n&#227;o apresentou eventos de arritmia grave.</p>
      <p>Quando se analisou a presen&#231;a de TVNS comparando com o basal do pr&#243;prio GE, observou-se
            diferen&#231;a entre Holter 1 e o Holter 3 com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. Tal fato est&#225; em
            desacordo com o estudo multic&#234;ntrico randomizado STAR-HEART<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, que analisou 191 pacientes com miocardiopatia isqu&#234;mica e que,
            em seu seguimento, apresentaram melhora da arritmia naqueles tratados com
            c&#233;lula-tronco.</p>
      <p>Na an&#225;lise de dados TVNS e TVS, de forma percentual em rela&#231;&#227;o ao total de batimentos,
            ficou claro que esse aumento foi de forma proporcional e sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica,
            tal qual como nos estudos multic&#234;ntricos BOOST<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
            e TOPCARE-AMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, que avaliaram pacientes com
            miocardiopatia isqu&#234;mica e n&#227;o encontraram aumento no n&#250;mero de eventos de arritmias
            ventriculares.</p>
      <p>A terapia com c&#233;lulas-tronco tem sido usada em v&#225;rias cardiopatias diferentes com um bom
            perfil de seguran&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica &#233; progressiva, apesar do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico
            intensivo, e permanece como uma doen&#231;a grave em todo mundo. Por conseguinte, s&#227;o
            necess&#225;rios regimes de tratamento que, em adi&#231;&#227;o ao convencional, possam melhorar a
            Qualidade de Vida, e aumentar o desempenho ventricular e a sobrevida.</p>
      <p>O tratamento com c&#233;lulas de medula &#243;ssea n&#227;o cura a doen&#231;a de Chagas, mas tenta reparar
            os danos causados durante anos ou at&#233; d&#233;cadas de agress&#227;o ao mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
      <p>Nossos dados sugerem que o transplante de c&#233;lulas-tronco da medula &#243;ssea para o
            mioc&#225;rdio de pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca de etiologia chag&#225;sica, com
            insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca classes III e IV, n&#227;o apresentou aumento na incid&#234;ncia de
            taquicardia ventricular sustentada, mas apresentou aumento de taquicardia ventricular
            n&#227;o sustentada entre Holter na randomiza&#231;&#227;o e no Holter aos 6 meses no Grupo Estudo, bem
            como aumentou a densidade de EV extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares no Grupo Estudo. Na an&#225;lise
            percentual, n&#227;o houve aumento significativo de taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada e
            nem de taquicardia ventricular sustentada.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Kannel WB. Incidence and epidemiology of heart failure. Heart Fail
               Rev. 2000;5(2):167-73.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kannel</surname>
              <given-names>WB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Incidence and epidemiology of heart
                  failure</article-title>
          <source>Heart Fail Rev</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>167</fpage>
          <lpage>173</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Engels D, Savioli L. Reconsidering the underestimated burden caused
               by neglected tropical diseases. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22(8):363-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Engels</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Savioli</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Reconsidering the underestimated burden caused by
                  neglected tropical diseases</article-title>
          <source>Trends Parasitol</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>22</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>363</fpage>
          <lpage>366</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B03">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Almeida DR. Avan&#231;os no tratamento cl&#237;nico da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.
               In: Barreto AC, Bocchi EA. Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, Local: Segmento, 2003. p.
               251-67.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="pt">Avan&#231;os no tratamento cl&#237;nico da insufici&#234;ncia
                  card&#237;aca</article-title>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bocchi</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source xml:lang="pt">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</source>
          <publisher-loc>Local</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Segmento</publisher-name>
          <fpage>251</fpage>
          <lpage>267</lpage>
          <year>2003</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B04">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Vilas-Boas F, Feitosa GS, Soares MB, Pinho-Filho JA, Mota AC, Almeida
               AJ, et al. Bone marrow cell transplantation in chagas' disease heart failure: report
               of the first human experience. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011; 96(4):325-31.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vilas-Boas</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feitosa</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soares</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinho-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mota</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Bone marrow cell transplantation in chagas' disease
                  heart failure: report of the first human experience</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>96</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>325</fpage>
          <lpage>331</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B05">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Bocchi EA, Bacal F, Guimar&#227;es G, Mendroni A, Mocelin A, Filho AE, et
               al. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
               associated to stem cell intracoronary infusion effects in non ischemic refractory
               heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2010;138(1):94-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bocchi</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bacal</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mendroni</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mocelin</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Filho</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor or
                  granulocyte-colony stimulating factor associated to stem cell intracoronary
                  infusion effects in non ischemic refractory heart failure</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>138</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>94</fpage>
          <lpage>97</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B06">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Menasch&#233; P. Stem cell therapy for heart failure: are arrhythmias a
               real safety concern? Circulation. 2009;119(20):2735-2740.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Menasch&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cell therapy for heart failure: are arrhythmias a
                  real safety concern?</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>20</issue>
          <fpage>2735</fpage>
          <lpage>2740</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B07">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Fukushima S, Varela-Carver A, Coppen SR, Yamahara K, Felkin LE, Lee
               J, et al. Direct intramyocardial but not intracoronary injection of bone marrow cells
               induces ventricular arrhythmias in a rat chronic ischemic heart failure model.
               Circulation. 2007;115(17):2254-61.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fukushima</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Varela-Carver</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coppen</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yamahara</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Felkin</surname>
              <given-names>LE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Direct intramyocardial but not intracoronary injection
                  of bone marrow cells induces ventricular arrhythmias in a rat chronic ischemic
                  heart failure model</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>115</volume>
          <issue>17</issue>
          <fpage>2254</fpage>
          <lpage>2261</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B08">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Vilas-Boas F, Feitosa GS, Soares MB, Mota A, Pinho-Filho JA, Almeida
               AJ, et al. Early results of bone marrow cell transplantation to the myocardium of
               patients with heart failure due to Chagas disease. Arq Bras Cardiol.
               2006;87(2):159-66.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vilas-Boas</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feitosa</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soares</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mota</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinho-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Early results of bone marrow cell transplantation to the
                  myocardium of patients with heart failure due to Chagas disease</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>87</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>159</fpage>
          <lpage>166</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B09">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Hirsch A, Nijveldt R, van der Vleuten PA, Tijssen JG, van der Giessen
               WJ, Tio RA, et al; HEBE Investigators. Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear cells
               from bone marrow or peripheral blood compared with standard therapy in patients after
               acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention:
               results of the randomized controlled HEBE Trial. Eur Heart J.
               2011;32(14):1736-47.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hirsch</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nijveldt</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
            <name>
              <surname>van der Vleuten</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tijssen</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van der Giessen</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>Tio RAHEBE Investigators</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear cells from bone
                  marrow or peripheral blood compared with standard therapy in patients after acute
                  myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention:
                  results of the randomized controlled HEBE Trial</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>32</volume>
          <issue>14</issue>
          <fpage>1736</fpage>
          <lpage>1747</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Strauer BE, Yousef M, Schannwell CM. The acute and long-term effects
               of intracoronary Stem cell Transplantation in 191 patients with chronic heARt
               failure: the STAR-HEART study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(7):721-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Strauer</surname>
              <given-names>BE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yousef</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schannwell</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">The acute and long-term effects of intracoronary Stem
                  cell Transplantation in 191 patients with chronic heARt failure: the STAR-HEART
                  study</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>721</fpage>
          <lpage>729</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Meyer GP, Wollert KC, Lotz J, Pirr J, Rager U, Lippolt P, et al.
               Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: 5-year follow-up
               from the randomized-controlled BOOST Trial. Eur Heart J.
               2009;30(24):2978-984.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Meyer</surname>
              <given-names>GP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wollert</surname>
              <given-names>KC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lotz</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pirr</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rager</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lippolt</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial
                  infarction: 5-year follow-up from the randomized-controlled BOOST
                  Trial</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>24</issue>
          <fpage>2978</fpage>
          <lpage>2984</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Britten MB, Abolmaali ND, Assmus B, Lehmann R, Honold J, Schmitt J,
               et al. Infarct remodeling after intracoronary progenitor cell treatment in patients
               with acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI): mechanistic insights from serial
               contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation.
               2003;108(18):2212-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Britten</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abolmaali</surname>
              <given-names>ND</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Assmus</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Honold</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schmitt</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Infarct remodeling after intracoronary progenitor cell
                  treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI): mechanistic
                  insights from serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>108</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>2212</fpage>
          <lpage>2218</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. Martin-Rendon E, Brunskill SJ, Hyde CJ, Stanworth SJ, Mathur A, Watt
               SM. Autologous bone marrow stem cells to treat acute myocardial infarction: a
               systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(15):1807-18.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Martin-Rendon</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brunskill</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hyde</surname>
              <given-names>CJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stanworth</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mathur</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Watt</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Autologous bone marrow stem cells to treat acute
                  myocardial infarction: a systematic review</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>15</issue>
          <fpage>1807</fpage>
          <lpage>1818</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmias after Stem Cell
               Therapy in Patients with Chagas Cardiomyopathy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Sebba Barroso de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Sandra Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Elis Marra de Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Ant&#244;nio Batista</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Salvador</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de
                  Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia (GO) &#8722; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Adriana Sebba Barroso de Souza, </bold>Universidade Federal de
               Goi&#225;s, - Av. Esperan&#231;a, s/n - Setor Itatiaia. Postal Code 74001-970, Goi&#226;nia, GO -
               Brazil. E-mail: <email>adrianasebba@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Acquisition of data:Costa SA, Freitas EMM, Carvalho G; Analysis and interpretation
                  of the data: Souza ASB, S&#225; LAB; Statistical analysis: Souza ASB; Writing of the
                  manuscript: Souza ASB; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual
                  content: Souza WKSB, Souza ASB, Rassi S.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Adriana Sebba Barroso de
                  Souza from Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p> Treatment with stem cells in several cardiomyopathies may be related to the
                  increase in arrhythmias.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To determine whether intracoronary injection of stem cells in patients with Chagas
                  cardiomyopathy is associated with increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias,
                  compared to the Control Group.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A retrospective cohort study that evaluated the medical records of 60 patients who
                  participated in a previous cross-sectional study. The following data were
                  collected: age, gender, drugs used and Holter variables that demonstrated the
                  presence of arrhythmias. Holter was performed in four stages: randomization, 2, 6
                  and 12 months segments. The Control Group received medical treatment and
                  intracoronary injection of placebo and the Study Group had drug treatment and
                  autologous stem cell implant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p> There was no difference between Control Group and Study Group when analyzing the
                  arrhythmia criteria. In the intra-group analysis, significant difference was found
                  between the Holter tests of the Study Group for the variable total ventricular
                  premature beats when compared with baseline, with p = 0.014 between Holter at
                  randomization and Holter at 2 months, p = 0.004 between Holter at randomization
                  and Holter at 6 months, and p = 0.014 between Holter at randomization and Holter
                  at 12 months. The variable non-sustained ventricular tachycardia between Holter at
                  randomization and Holter at 6 months showed p = 0.036.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion: </title>
          <p>The intracoronary injection of stem cells did not increase the incidence of
                  ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy compared to the
                  Control Group.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Arrhythmias</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Stem Cell Transplantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Chagas Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>In the past decades, heart failure (HF) has emerged as a public health problem.
               Kannel, based on epidemiological studies obtained in the Framingham Heart Study,
               estimated that in the United States, there are 5 million HF patients, with
               approximately 400,000 new cases per year. The problem is presumed to be of the same
               magnitude in Brazil<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>.</p>
        <p>According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), although vectorial
               transmission has been interrupted in countries such as Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, the
               prevalence of patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy was estimated between 18 and
               20 million people in Latin America, with 300,000 new cases each year, and 50,000
               annual deaths associated with the disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>Despite the widely positive impact with new drugs for the treatment of HF, the
               disease progresses and patient prognosis remains reserved, with reduced quality of
               life and survival. Thus, there is an enormous interest and need to seek new therapies
               that may offer beneficial effects in the evolution of these patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>Of the new therapeutic procedures, the most promising seems to be stem cell
               therapy.</p>
        <p>In Brazil, preliminary studies including a limited number of patients have shown that
               the use of stem cells from bone marrow is safe and potentially effective in patients
               with HF<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
        <p>Stem cells have an intrinsic potential for arrhythmia, mainly related to their common
               lack of electromechanical integration in the recipient myocardium; it is also
               important to recognize that patients eligible for cell replacement therapy are likely
               to develop arrhythmias due to underlying heart disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <p>The study by Satsuki Fukushima provided experimental evidence that direct
               intramyocardial injection of stem cells from bone marrow can induce severe
               ventricular arrhythmias in the first 14 days after the injection in chronic HF
                  models<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>.</p>
        <p>The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in a
               group of patients who received intracoronary injection of stem cells with a control
               group.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Hospital das Clinicas
               of Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, protocol number 179/2011.</p>
        <p>This is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients enrolled in a prospective,
               double-blind, randomized clinical trial, included in the Multicenter Randomized Study
               of Cell Therapy in Cardiopathies (EMRTCC) - chagasic cardiopathy arm, carried out at
               the Heart Failure Service of Hospital das Clinicas of Universidade Federal de
               Goi&#225;s.</p>
        <p>The sample consisted of 60 patients included in the abovementioned protocol from
               April 2006 to November 2009, followed for at least 1 year after randomization. This
               was a convenience sample. Inclusion criteria were: having been included in the study
               and undergone Holter monitoring during the follow-up period. Patients were divided
               into two groups in a double-blind fashion: the control group (CG) received
               appropriate medical treatment and optimized for HF and intracoronary injection of
               placebo; the Study Group (SG) received, in addition to adequate drug treatment,
               autologous stem cell transplant obtained from bone marrow aspirate.</p>
        <p>A total of 34 patients were randomly assigned to the SG and 26 to the CG. Data
               collection was performed from January to July 2012 from medical records. This
               randomization was carried out by the EMRTCC national study, which explains the fact
               that the groups ended up with different samples at the Heart Failure Service,
               Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        <p>Data regarding age (in years), gender (male or female); death (yes or no),
               medications used (renin-angiotensin system blocker, digitalis, angiotensin-converting
               enzyme inhibitors, spironolactone, diuretics, amiodarone, beta-blockers), and the
               number and viability of stem cells used for transplant were collected.</p>
        <p>The presence of arrhythmia was assessed from Holter results. Holter monitoring was
               performed at randomization (baseline - Holter 1) and after 2 (Holter 2), 6 (Holter 3)
               and 12 (Holter 4) months of follow-up.</p>
        <p>The criteria assessed by Holter were total number of beats, ventricular premature
               beats, supraventricular premature beats, total episodes of Nonsustained Ventricular
               Tachycardia (NSVT), and Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT). The presence of
               three or more consecutive ventricular premature beats in a 30-second interval with
               heart rate above one hundred beats per minute was considered NSVT, while SVT was
               considered in the presence of ventricular premature beats for a period greater than
               30 seconds or causing hemodynamic instability at any time interval with heart rate
               above one hundred beats per minute. For this study, ventricular arrhythmia was
               considered as an increase in the total incidence of NSVT and SVT episodes.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>Data were entered in Excel for Windows software spreadsheets and analyzed using
                  the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), releases 17.0 and 19.0.</p>
          <p>Age was shown as mean and standard deviation and gender as absolute and relative
                  frequency.</p>
          <p>Fisher's test was used to compare the frequency of medication use between the SG
                  and the CG.</p>
          <p>After applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for quantitative variables obtained at
                  Holter, Student's <italic>t </italic>test was performed for normally distributed
                  variables and the Mann Whitney's test for those with non-normal distribution.
                  These tests were used to compare the groups.</p>
          <p>To compare the Holter variables at different intragroup moments, the Student's
                     <italic>t</italic> test or Wilcoxon test was used for choosing data
                  distribution. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the percentages of the findings
                  in relation to the total number of beats of the variables: salvos of NSVT and
                  total SVT episodes, in relation to Holter at different intragroup moments, to
                  verify whether there was a significant difference between the Holter results.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A 95% level of confidence was established for all analyses, i.e., p &lt; 0.05 was
               considered significant.</p>
        <p>Patients included in the study had a mean age of 50.7 &#177; 9.6 years; 70% (42) were
               males and 30% (18) females. There were ten deaths in the SG and nine in the CG during
               the 12-month follow-up.</p>
        <p>Stem cell viability was 98% in both groups. The amount of cells in the CG was on
               average 2.75 x 10<sup>8</sup> and in the SG, 2.62 x 10<sup>8</sup>. There was no
               significant difference between the groups.</p>
        <p>Holter data are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Table 1</xref>, with no
               difference between groups regarding the variables that demonstrated the presence of
               arrhythmia on Holter examinations at any time (randomization, 2 months, 6 months and
               12 months of follow-up).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t06">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Variables obtained by Holter performed at randomization (Holter 1), 2
                     months (Holter 2), 6 months (Holter 3) and 12 months (Holter 4) of study
                     follow-up, n = 60, Goiania, Goias, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Variable</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Study Group</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Control Group</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>p value</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 34)</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total number of beats</td>
                <td align="center">81,209.33 &#177; 17,417.57</td>
                <td align="center">86,343.54 &#177; 17,474.21</td>
                <td align="center">0.189</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total ventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">2,685.18 &#177; 3,052.48</td>
                <td align="center">2,640.06 &#177; 3,412.12</td>
                <td align="center">0.435</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total supraventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">926.77 &#177; 3,659.93</td>
                <td align="center">2.330.33 &#177; 9,875.09</td>
                <td align="center">0.514</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NSVT</td>
                <td align="center">5.15 &#177; 12.02</td>
                <td align="center">3.79 &#177; 5.68</td>
                <td align="center">0.744</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total SVT episodes</td>
                <td align="center">0.00 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 2</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 32)</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total number of beats</td>
                <td align="center">89,474.62 &#177; 10,906.01</td>
                <td align="center">88,457.09 &#177; 20,175.04</td>
                <td align="center">0.994</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total ventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">3,764.00 &#177; 5,313.65</td>
                <td align="center">3,611.22 &#177; 4,549.22</td>
                <td align="center">0.478</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total supraventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">1.363.07 &#177; 4,609.85</td>
                <td align="center">457.41 &#177; 1,703.04</td>
                <td align="center">0.994</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NSVT</td>
                <td align="center">29.92 &#177; 135.33</td>
                <td align="center">14.77 &#177; 33.31</td>
                <td align="center">0.456</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total SVT episodes</td>
                <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 3</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 28)</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 21)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total number of beats</td>
                <td align="center">92,394.25 &#177; 11,519.21</td>
                <td align="center">94,715.06 &#177; 19,856.30</td>
                <td align="center">0.836</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total ventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">4,817.48 &#177; 6,152.71</td>
                <td align="center">5,072.41 &#177; 7,508.33</td>
                <td align="center">0.379</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total supraventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">1,893.07 &#177; 5,341.60</td>
                <td align="center">2,580.45 &#177; 9,623.00</td>
                <td align="center">0.809</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NSVT</td>
                <td align="center">30.11 &#177; 135.37</td>
                <td align="center">24.12 &#177; 56.53</td>
                <td align="center">0.956</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total SVT episodes</td>
                <td align="center">2.11 &#177; 10.96</td>
                <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.277</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 4</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 26)</td>
                <td align="center">(n = 16)</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total number of beats</td>
                <td align="center">96,965.00 &#177; 10,386.72</td>
                <td align="center">91,487.25 &#177; 16,403.77</td>
                <td align="center">0.255</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total ventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">9,713.17 &#177; 1,8607.40</td>
                <td align="center">4,234.29 &#177; 4,010.05</td>
                <td align="center">0.459</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total supraventricular premature beats</td>
                <td align="center">1,480.58 &#177; 2,957.37</td>
                <td align="center">2,477.79 &#177; 8,422.73</td>
                <td align="center">0.862</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>NSVT</td>
                <td align="center">19.17 &#177; 36.47</td>
                <td align="center">2.25 &#177; 4.59</td>
                <td align="center">0.117</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Total SVT episodes</td>
                <td align="center">0.12 &#177; 0.61</td>
                <td align="center">0.0 &#177; 0.0</td>
                <td align="center">0.400</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN01t06">
              <p>Mann-Whitney test; p &lt; 0.05. NSVT: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia;
                        SVT: sustained ventricular tachycardia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>When comparing Holter 1 (randomization) to the others, in the SG, there was a
               significant difference between total ventricular premature beats in all comparisons,
               differences in total number of beats and NSVT between Holter monitoring tests 1 and 3
                  (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Table 2</xref>). The same analysis was performed
               in the CG (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Table 3</xref>), which showed no
               statistical significance.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t07">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparison between Holter tests performed in the Study Group during the
                     12-month follow-up, n = 60, Goiania, Goias, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>
                  <bold>Variable</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total number of beats<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn01t07">*</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total number of ventricular premature beats<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t07">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Salvos of NSVT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t07">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total episodes of SVT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t07">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
                <td align="center">0.524</td>
                <td align="center">0.014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t07">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.070</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
                <td align="center">0.024<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t07">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.004<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t07">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.036<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t07">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.317</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
                <td align="center">0.083</td>
                <td align="center">0.014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t07">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.375</td>
                <td align="center">0.102</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="tfn01t07">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Student test was used;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="tfn02t07">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>in total heartbeats and Wilcoxon test; p &lt; 0.05.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="tfn03t07">
              <label>***</label>
              <p>in total ventricular extrasystoles NSVT and SVT episodes and was found
                        significance p &lt; 0,05 for both items. Holter 1: performed at
                        randomization; Holter 2: performed at 2 months of follow-up; Holter 3:
                        performed at 6 months of follow-up; Holter 4: performed at 12 months of
                        follow-up. NSVT: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; SVT: sustained
                        ventricular tachycardia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t08">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparison between Holter tests performed in the Control Group during the
                     12-month follow-up, n = 60, Goiania, Goias, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Variable</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total number of beats<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn01t08">*</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total number of ventricular premature beats<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t08">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Salvos of NSVT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t08">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total episodes of SVT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn02t08">**</xref>
									</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
                <td align="center">0.026<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t08">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.239</td>
                <td align="center">0.984</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
                <td align="center">0.014<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t08">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.161</td>
                <td align="center">0.975</td>
                <td align="center">0.317</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
                <td align="center">0.015<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn03t08">***</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">0.128</td>
                <td align="center">0.061</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="tfn01t08">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Student test was used;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="tfn02t08">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>in total heartbeats and Wilcoxon test; p &lt; 0.05.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="tfn03t08">
              <label>***</label>
              <p>in total ventricular extrasystoles NSVT and SVT episodes and was found
                        significance p &lt; 0,05 for both items. Holter 1: performed at
                        randomization; Holter 2: performed at 2 months of follow-up; Holter 3:
                        performed at 6 months of follow-up; Holter 4: performed at 12 months of
                        follow-up. NSVT: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; SVT: sustained
                        ventricular tachycardia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A statistical evaluation of the SG was carried out with the variables NSVT and SVT,
               percentage-wise, in relation to the total number of beats at Holter monitoring, which
               showed no significance in the intragroup analysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t09">Table 4</xref>). This evaluation was performed due to the observation that the
               total number of beats, as well as the NSVT, increased at Holter monitoring in the
               follow-up.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t09">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparison test of the variables: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
                     (NSVT) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) as percentages in Holter
                     examinations at 2 months, 6 months and 12 months of follow-up, n = 60, Goiania,
                     Goias, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                  <bold>Comparison</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <bold>Control group</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <bold>Study group</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>
                  <bold>Salvos of NSVT (p)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total episodes of SVT (p)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Salvos of NSVT (p)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Total episodes of SVT (p)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 2</td>
                <td align="center">0.904</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
                <td align="center">0.286</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 3</td>
                <td align="center">0.796</td>
                <td align="center">0.317</td>
                <td align="center">0.198</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Holter 1 vs. Holter 4</td>
                <td align="center">0.753</td>
                <td align="center">1.000</td>
                <td align="center">0.381</td>
                <td align="center">0.317</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN01t09">
              <p>Wilcoxon Test; p &lt; 0.05. Holter 1: performed at randomization; Holter 2:
                        performed at 2 months of follow-up; Holter 3: performed at 6 months of
                        follow-up; Holter 4: performed at 12 months of follow-up. NSVT: nonsustained
                        ventricular tachycardia; SVT: sustained ventricular tachycardia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>There was no statistical difference in terms of medications for the treatment of HF
               used by the patients in both groups, at the time of randomization (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Table 5</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Analysis of medications taken by patients at the time of randomization, n =
                     60, Goiania, Goias, 2010</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Variable</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Study Group (n = 34) n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Control Group (n = 26) n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>p value</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>ARB</td>
                <td align="center">7 (25.9)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (30.3)</td>
                <td align="center">0.212</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Digitalis</td>
                <td align="center">14 (51.9)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (42.4)</td>
                <td align="center">0.158</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ACEI</td>
                <td align="center">8 (29.6)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (30.3)</td>
                <td align="center">0.222</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Spironolactone</td>
                <td align="center">19 (70.4)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (63.6)</td>
                <td align="center">0.188</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diuretics</td>
                <td align="center">19 (70.4)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (75.8)</td>
                <td align="center">0.206</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Amiodarone</td>
                <td align="center">10 (37.0)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (33.3)</td>
                <td align="center">0.204</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Beta-blockers</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7.4)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (36.4)</td>
                <td align="center">0.171</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN01t10">
              <p>Source: patients' files. Fisher's test. ARB: angiotensin-II receptor
                        blocker; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The present study found no increase in numbers of isolated ventricular premature
               beats compared with the CG, in agreement with studies by Vilas Boas et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. The studies by Vilas Boas et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref> had a patient
               profile similar to ours. We studied 28 chagasic patients in functional class III and
               IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA). Vilas Boas et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>, similarly
               to this study, evaluated patients with advanced-stage cardiomyopathy and demonstrated
               the safety regarding the genesis of arrhythmias in this group of patients.</p>
        <p>In the SG, which received the stem cell therapy, it is possible to observe an
               increase in the density of ventricular premature beats, when comparing the baseline
               Holter monitoring with those subsequently performed after 2, 6 and 12 months of
               follow-up, with a statistically significant difference. Thus, it is possible to
               consider that there was an increase in the incidence of ventricular premature beats
               when compared with the group baseline assessment. In disagreement with the HEBE
                  study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref> carried out in Holland, which
               evaluated 200 ischemic patients who received cell therapy and stem cell infusion
               within 12 hours of the ischemic event, with excellent safety profile, the present
               study showed no severe arrhythmia events.</p>
        <p>When we analyzing the presence of NSVT, compared with baseline of the SG itself, a
               difference was observed between Holter 1 and Holter 3, with statistical significance.
               This fact is in disagreement with the randomized multicenter STAR-HEART study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, which analyzed 191 patients with ischemic
               cardiomyopathy, of which follow-up showed improvement of arrhythmia in those treated
               with stem cells.</p>
        <p>At the analysis of NSVT and SVT data, percentage-wise when compared to the total
               number of beats, it became clear that this increase was proportional and without
               statistical significance, exactly as in the multicenter studies BOOST<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> and TOPCARE-AMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, which evaluated patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and found no
               increase in the number of ventricular arrhythmia events.</p>
        <p>Stem cell therapy has been used in several different diseases, showing a good safety
                  profile<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Chronic heart failure is a progressive disease, in spite of intensive pharmacological
               treatment, and remains a severe health problem worldwide. Therefore, in addition to
               conventional therapy, treatment regimens are needed that can improve quality of life
               and increase ventricular performance and survival.</p>
        <p>Treatment with bone marrow cells does not cure Chagas disease, but attempts to repair
               the damage that results from years or even decades of aggression to the
               myocardium.</p>
        <p>Our data suggest that patients with heart failure due to Chagas disease and class III
               and IV heart failure submitted to transplantation of stem cells from bone marrow to
               the myocardium, showed no increase in the incidence of sustained ventricular
               tachycardia, but showed increase in nonsustained ventricular tachycardia between
               Holter at randomization and Holter at 6 months in the Study Group, as well as
               increased VPB density in the Study group. At the percentage analysis, there was no
               significant increase of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, or sustained
               ventricular tachycardia.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
