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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Jw4F97QkDFdz8Sc4SNCxNyF</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000400009</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00009</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014005000010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140031</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt"><italic>Duke Activity Status Index</italic> em Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares:
					Valida&#231;&#227;o de Tradu&#231;&#227;o em Portugu&#234;s</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coutinho-Myrrha</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Ros&#226;ngela C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fernandes</surname>
            <given-names>Aline A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Christiano G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hlatky</surname>
            <given-names>Mark A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Danielle G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas
					Gerais</institution>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Programa de
					P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) -
					Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">UFMG</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Fisioterapia</institution>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Fisioterapia - UFMG -
					Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">UFMG</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Setor de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Setor de Cardiologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas
					da UFMG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Standford University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
        <institution content-type="original">Standford University School of
					Medicine</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold> Raquel Rodrigues Britto. Departamento de
					Fisioterapia, Av. Prof. Antonio Carlos, 6637, Pampulha. CEP 31140-500, Belo
					Horizonte, MG - Brasil. E- mail: <email>r3britto@gmail.com</email>,
						<email>rbrito@ufmg.br</email>.</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>383</fpage>
      <lpage>390</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p> O <italic>Duke Activity Status Index</italic> (DASI) avalia a capacidade
						funcional de pacientes com doen&#231;a cardiovascular (DCV), mas n&#227;o h&#225; vers&#227;o
						validada em portugu&#234;s para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p> Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o DASI para o idioma portugu&#234;s do Brasil, e
						verificar suas propriedades psicom&#233;tricas na avalia&#231;&#227;o da capacidade
						funcional de pacientes com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p> O DASI foi traduzido para o portugu&#234;s, verificado pela retrotradu&#231;&#227;o para o
						ingl&#234;s e avaliado por um comit&#234; de especialistas. A vers&#227;o pr&#233;-teste foi
						avaliada pela primeira vez em 30 indiv&#237;duos. As propriedades psicom&#233;tricas e
						a correla&#231;&#227;o com o teste de esfor&#231;o foram verificadas em um segundo grupo de
						67 indiv&#237;duos. Uma an&#225;lise fatorial explorat&#243;ria foi realizada em todos os
						97 pacientes para verificar a validade de construto do DASI. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title> Resultados:</title>
          <p> O coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse para a confiabilidade teste-reteste
						foi de 0,87 e para a confiabilidade entre avaliadores foi de 0,84. O alfa de
						Cronbach para consist&#234;ncia interna foi de 0,93. A validade concorrente foi
						verificada por correla&#231;&#245;es positivas significativas de pontua&#231;&#245;es do DASI
						com o VO<sub>2</sub> max (r = 0,51, p &lt; 0,001). A an&#225;lise fatorial
						mostrou dois fatores que explicaram 54% da vari&#226;ncia total, com o fator 1
						respons&#225;vel por 40 % da vari&#226;ncia. A aplica&#231;&#227;o do DASI requer entre um e
						tr&#234;s minutos e meio por paciente. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p> A vers&#227;o brasileira do DASI parece ser um instrumento v&#225;lido, confi&#225;vel,
						r&#225;pido e f&#225;cil de administrar para avaliar a capacidade funcional em
						pacientes com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da capacidade de trabalho</kwd>
        <kwd>Guia de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de esfor&#231;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de valida&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e
						Tecnol&#243;gico</funding-source>
          <award-id>302913/2008-4</award-id>
          <award-id>307597/2001-3</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas
						Gerais</funding-source>
          <award-id>PPM00478-11</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="1"/>
        <table-count count="3"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="29"/>
        <page-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) levam a defici&#234;ncias f&#237;sicas e reduzem a qualidade
				de vida dos pacientes por seu impacto direto na capacidade funcional e no
				desempenho. A avalia&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional &#233; importante para investigar o
				impacto da doen&#231;a na vida do paciente, para determinar o grau de restri&#231;&#227;o imposta
				pela DCV, sendo tamb&#233;m um fator no diagn&#243;stico, progn&#243;stico e um forte preditor de
					mortalidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. O teste de esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo &#233;
				o &#250;nico m&#233;todo preciso para determinar a capacidade aer&#243;bica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. No entanto, nem sempre est&#225; dispon&#237;vel devido &#224; condi&#231;&#227;o
				f&#237;sica do paciente ou quando houver possibilidade de expor um determinado paciente a
				risco maior do que o normal. Os question&#225;rios s&#227;o uma ferramenta barata, simples e
				segura para avaliar a condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica ou funcional<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>, assim como para ser usados antes do teste
				de exerc&#237;cio para determinar a capacidade de um paciente para atingir o esfor&#231;o
					apropriado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>O <italic>Duke Activity Status Index</italic> (DASI) &#233; um question&#225;rio desenvolvido
				originalmente em ingl&#234;s<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>, para avaliar a
				capacidade funcional. O DASI tem sido usado principalmente para avaliar pacientes
				com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, tais como doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia
				card&#237;aca, isquemia mioc&#225;rdica e infarto<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, o DASI pode ser usado
				para avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos m&#233;dicos e da reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> e ainda para auxiliar nas decis&#245;es
					cl&#237;nicas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Em ensaios cl&#237;nicos controlados, o DASI
				pode servir para avaliar interven&#231;&#245;es e como um componente da avalia&#231;&#227;o do
				custo/beneficio de um tratamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>.</p>
      <p>Considerando-se que o DASI &#233; caracterizado como um bom question&#225;rio de capacidade
				funcional, a evid&#234;ncia de validade, a utilidade e a ampla aplicabilidade cl&#237;nica e
				cient&#237;fica, parece ser uma ferramenta &#250;til para avaliar pacientes card&#237;acos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Assim, para ser usado com pacientes
				brasileiros com DCV &#233; necess&#225;rio validar o DASI e verificar suas propriedades
				psicom&#233;tricas nesta popula&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
      <p>O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o DASI para
				portugu&#234;s do Brasil e verificar suas propriedades psicom&#233;tricas na avalia&#231;&#227;o da
				capacidade funcional dos indiv&#237;duos com DCV.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Participantes</title>
        <p>Os participantes eram de ambos os sexos, com diagn&#243;stico de DCV, maiores de 22
					anos, com &#237;ndice de massa corporal entre 18,6 e 39,9 kg/m2, com nacionalidade
					brasileira e que viveram a maior parte da sua vida no Brasil. Os crit&#233;rios de
					inclus&#227;o foram: diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, como doen&#231;a arterial
					coronariana, doen&#231;a valvular card&#237;aca, arritmia com pelo menos um sintoma<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> tais como dor no peito, palpita&#231;&#245;es,
					fadiga ou dispneia e encaminhamento m&#233;dico para realiza&#231;&#227;o de teste ergom&#233;trico.
					Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram: d&#233;ficit cognitivo verificado por mini exame do
					estado mental de acordo com os pontos de corte recomendados por Bertolucci e
						cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia ou
					hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o nos dois meses anteriores, assim como doen&#231;a aguda, febre ou
					limita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica grave que lhes impediriam de fazer o teste de esfor&#231;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
        <p>Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e agosto de 2012 e os pacientes foram
					recrutados no Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade. A
					pesquisa foi realizada de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque e foi aprovada
					pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o. Todos os participantes foram informados
					sobre os objetivos da pesquisa e assinaram termo de consentimento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title><italic>Duke Activity Status Index</italic> (DASI)</title>
        <p>O DASI foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de corrigir as defici&#234;ncias apresentadas
					por outros instrumentos, como a Escala da <italic>New York Heart
						Association</italic> (NYHA) e da <italic>Canadian Cardiovascular
						Society</italic> (SCCS). &#201; um question&#225;rio de 12 itens que avalia atividades
					di&#225;rias como higiene pessoal, locomo&#231;&#227;o, tarefas dom&#233;sticas, fun&#231;&#227;o sexual e
					recrea&#231;&#227;o com os respectivos custos metab&#243;licos. Cada item tem um peso
					espec&#237;fico com base no custo metab&#243;lico (MET). Os participantes foram convidados
					a identificar cada uma das atividades que eles eram capazes de fazer. A
					pontua&#231;&#227;o final varia entre zero e 58,2 pontos. Quanto maior a pontua&#231;&#227;o, melhor
					a capacidade funcional<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tradu&#231;&#227;o e Adapta&#231;&#227;o Cultural</title>
        <p>O processo de tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural seguiu os passos propostos por Beaton
					e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. A vers&#227;o original (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Tabela 1</xref>) foi traduzida para o portugu&#234;s
					do Brasil de forma independente por dois tradutores bil&#237;ngues, qualificados, que
					tinham o portugu&#234;s como l&#237;ngua materna, gerando as vers&#245;es T1 e T2. O primeiro
					tradutor n&#227;o tinha conhecimento sobre a &#225;rea m&#233;dica e n&#227;o foi informado sobre os
					objetivos e conceitos estudados. O segundo tradutor era um fisioterapeuta, PhD
					em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, apresentando conhecimento sobre os conceitos
					avaliados. Os tradutores foram instru&#237;dos a fazer um relat&#243;rio sobre d&#250;vidas e
					dificuldades.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t01">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vers&#227;o original do <italic>Duke Activity Status Index</italic>
						</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2" align="left">
                  <bold>Duke Activity Status Index <italic>Mark A. Hlatky et
												al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
										</italic>
									</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Can you</td>
                <td align="center">Weight</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1. Take care of yourself, that is, eating, dressing, bathing or
									using the toilet?</td>
                <td align="center">2.75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2. Walk indoors, such as around your house?</td>
                <td align="center">1.75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3. Walk a block or two on level ground?</td>
                <td align="center">2.75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4. Climb a flight of stairs or walk up a hill?</td>
                <td align="center">5.50</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>5. Run a short distance?</td>
                <td align="center">8.00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6. Do light work around the house like dusting or washing
									dishes?</td>
                <td align="center">2.70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7. Do moderate work around the house like vacuuming, sweeping
									floors, or carrying in groceries?</td>
                <td align="center">3.50</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8. Do heavy work around the house like scrubbing floors or
									lifting or moving heavy furniture?</td>
                <td align="center">8.00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9. Do yardwork like raking leaves, weeding, or pushing a power
									mower?</td>
                <td align="center">4.50</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10. Have sexual relations?</td>
                <td align="center">5.25</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>11. Participate in moderate recreational activities like golf,
									bowling, dancing, doubles tennis, or throwing a baseball or
									football?</td>
                <td align="center">6.00</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12. Participate in strenuous sports like swimming, singles
									tennis, football, basketball, or skiing?</td>
                <td align="center">7.50</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">Pontua&#231;&#227;o total:</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p><bold>Pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI:</bold> o peso das respostas positivas s&#227;o
								somados para se obter uma pontua&#231;&#227;o total que varia de 0 a 58.2.
								Quanto maior a pontua&#231;&#227;o, maior a capacidade funcional.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Um terceiro tradutor bil&#237;ngue, que tinha o Portugu&#234;s como l&#237;ngua materna,
					sintetizou as tradu&#231;&#245;es T1 e T2, comparando-as com a vers&#227;o original. Assim, foi
					gerada a vers&#227;o de consenso (T - 1.2). A partir desta vers&#227;o, a retrotradu&#231;&#227;o
					foi feita para o ingl&#234;s por outros dois tradutores independentes, sem qualquer
					conhecimento sobre a vers&#227;o original. Estes tradutores tinham o ingl&#234;s como
					l&#237;ngua materna, viviam no Brasil, n&#227;o pertenciam &#224; &#225;rea m&#233;dica e n&#227;o foram
					informados sobre os conceitos analisados no question&#225;rio.</p>
        <p>As tradu&#231;&#245;es foram revisadas por um comit&#234; de especialistas formado por uma
					equipe multidisciplinar, incluindo os pesquisadores, os cinco tradutores e um
					profissional de sa&#250;de com experi&#234;ncia em metodologia de pesquisa e compreens&#227;o
					dos conceitos e objetivos do DASI. De todas as vers&#245;es, com base no contexto
					sociocultural do Brasil, o comit&#234; avaliou a clareza, relev&#226;ncia, coer&#234;ncia e
					significado dos itens. Foram avaliados todos os itens da vers&#227;o de consenso em
					compara&#231;&#227;o com a vers&#227;o original, a fim de conseguir a equival&#234;ncia sem&#226;ntica,
					idiom&#225;tica, conceitual e de conte&#250;do. </p>
        <p>A vers&#227;o pr&#233;-teste foi aprovada por todos os membros da comiss&#227;o, com itens
					considerados claros e f&#225;ceis de entender, mesmo pensando numa pessoa de 12 anos
					de idade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. Esta vers&#227;o foi aplicada em
					indiv&#237;duos com DCV para avaliar poss&#237;veis desvios e erros cometidos durante a
					tradu&#231;&#227;o investigando se todos os itens foram entendidos com clareza e de forma
					inequ&#237;voca. Os participantes foram questionados sobre a clareza dos itens e se
					eles conheciam todas as atividades contidas no question&#225;rio.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o psicom&#233;trica</title>
        <p>O DASI foi aplicado como uma entrevista, considerando o n&#237;vel de escolaridade
					mais baixo da popula&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, os pesquisadores mantiveram uma posi&#231;&#227;o
					neutra durante a mesma. Dois examinadores treinados, cegados quanto &#224; aplica&#231;&#227;o
					do um outro avaliador, aplicaram o question&#225;rio com um intervalo de uma hora
					para avaliar a confiabilidade entre examinadores. O mesmo examinador reaplicou o
					question&#225;rio pessoalmente ou por telefone, com um intervalo entre sete e dez
					dias para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste. O tempo necess&#225;rio para a
					aplica&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi registrado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Protocolo do Teste de Esfor&#231;o</title>
        <p>O protocolo do teste de esfor&#231;o foi o usado rotineiramente no laborat&#243;rio onde os
					pacientes foram recrutados. Um cardiologista realizou os testes e todos os
					equipamentos necess&#225;rios para reanima&#231;&#227;o estavam dispon&#237;veis. Os sujeitos foram
					instru&#237;dos a manter a sua medica&#231;&#227;o habitual, fazer jejum de duas horas antes do
					teste e evitar a cafe&#237;na, fumar e fazer exerc&#237;cio no dia do teste. O teste de
					esfor&#231;o foi realizado de acordo com o protocolo Bruce<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>, usando uma esteira rolante (Micromed &#174;, Brasil),
					seguindo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. Foi permitido um apoio m&#237;nimo no
					corrim&#227;o. Durante o teste, incluindo os per&#237;odos de repouso e recupera&#231;&#227;o, foram
					monitoradas continuamente a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC) e as 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es
					eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas por eletrocardi&#243;grafo (Micromed &#174;, Brasil), em conex&#227;o com
					o software (PC Elite Ergo 13), bem como a press&#227;o arterial a cada tr&#234;s minutos.
					O teste foi conclu&#237;do por solicita&#231;&#227;o do indiv&#237;duo, pelo relato de sintomas como
					dor nas pernas, taquicardia, angina ou qualquer outro desconforto e de acordo
					com os crit&#233;rios absolutos para interrup&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
        <p>Infelizmente, n&#243;s n&#227;o tivemos um analisador de consumo de oxig&#234;nio dispon&#237;vel,
					sendo o consumo de oxig&#234;nio (VO<sub>2</sub>) estimado utilizando um software de
					acordo com a seguinte f&#243;rmula<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>:</p>
        <p>VO<sup>2</sup> (ml/kg.min) = (tempo-minutos de teste de esfor&#231;o x 2,33) + 9,48
					para homens </p>
        <p>VO<sup>2</sup> (ml/kg.min) = (tempo-minutos de teste de esfor&#231;o x 3,36) + 1,06
					para as mulheres</p>
        <p>A fim de evitar fatores de confus&#227;o, o m&#233;dico que realizou o teste de exerc&#237;cio
					foi cegado em rela&#231;&#227;o ao resultado do question&#225;rio DASI.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>A vers&#227;o SPSS 15,0 foi usada para armazenar e analisar dados. A distribui&#231;&#227;o
					normal dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Kolmogorov- Smirnov. As vari&#225;veis
					com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram expressas em m&#233;dia, desvio padr&#227;o e intervalo de
					confian&#231;a de 95%. As vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o-normal foram expressas como
					mediana e intervalo interquartil de 25-75%. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5% foi
					adotado para todos os testes estat&#237;sticos.</p>
        <p>O grupo que fez o pr&#233;-teste foi comparado com o grupo que realizou o teste de
					exerc&#237;cio, por testes <italic>t</italic> independentes. Para avaliar os
					testes-retestes e a confiabilidade entre os avaliadores foi utilizado o
					coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse (CCI), calculado para a pontua&#231;&#227;o total do
					question&#225;rio. A consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada pelo coeficiente alfa de
					Cronbach. A avalia&#231;&#227;o da validade de crit&#233;rio concorrente foi realizada
					utilizando a correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman entre a pontua&#231;&#227;o final do DASI e do
						VO<sub>2</sub> m&#225;ximo alcan&#231;ado no teste de esfor&#231;o.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise fatorial foi utilizada para avaliar a validade do construto<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. Foram realizadas an&#225;lises de
					componentes principais com rota&#231;&#227;o varimax com normaliza&#231;&#227;o Kaiser. A adequa&#231;&#227;o
					da matriz de correla&#231;&#227;o foi verificada pelo crit&#233;rio de Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin
					(KMO), que deve ser maior do que 0,60 e o teste de Bartlett considerando um
					n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0,05. Como crit&#233;rio para a extra&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de
					fatores, foram considerados fatores relevantes aqueles que mostraram valores
					pr&#243;prios maiores ou iguais a um. Seguindo a matriz de rota&#231;&#227;o, os itens com um
					fator de carga maior ou igual a 0,4 foram adicionados ao fator. O tempo
					necess&#225;rio para a aplica&#231;&#227;o do DASI foi expresso como m&#233;dia, em minutos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Participantes</title>
        <p>Seguindo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de Beaton e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, 30 indiv&#237;duos participaram do pr&#233;-teste. O teste-reteste e a
					confiabilidade entre avaliadores e a consist&#234;ncia interna foram observados em
					outros 67 sujeitos. As caracter&#237;sticas destes participantes s&#227;o apresentadas na
						<xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 2</xref>. A validade de crit&#233;rio
					concorrente foi realizada em 62 indiv&#237;duos, uma vez que cinco foram exclu&#237;dos
					por n&#227;o terem completado o teste de esfor&#231;o. A verifica&#231;&#227;o da validade do
					construto foi realizada com a amostra total de 97 indiv&#237;duos. N&#227;o houve
					diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os indiv&#237;duos que participaram do
					pr&#233;-teste e aqueles que participaram da avalia&#231;&#227;o das propriedades psicom&#233;tricas
					(p &gt; 0,05). A amostra foi composta predominantemente por homens e pacientes
					com doen&#231;a da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria. A maioria dos indiv&#237;duos tinha fatores de risco
					cardiovascular, como hipertens&#227;o, hipercolesterolemia e tabagismo.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t02">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Dados demogr&#225;ficos, cl&#237;nicos e capacidade funcional</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>n = 67</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino / Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">41/26 (61,2% / 38,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">56,88 &#177; 11,93 (53,97-59,79)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Peso (Kg)</td>
                <td align="center">72,63 &#177; 15,61 (68,37-75,84)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Altura (m)</td>
                <td align="center">1,63 &#177; 0,09 (1,60-1,65)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice de Massa Corporal (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">27,28 &#177; 4,76 (26,12-28,44)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Tipo de Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                <td align="center">27 (40,31%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                <td align="center">21 (31,34%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cardiomiopatia Isqu&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">8 (11,94%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Valvulopatia</td>
                <td align="center">9 (13,43%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,98%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Fatores de Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">53 (79,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes</td>
                <td align="center">11 (16,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipercolesterolemia</td>
                <td align="center">42 (62,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fumante</td>
                <td align="center">14 (20,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ex-fumante</td>
                <td align="center">23 (34,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Analfabeto</td>
                <td align="center">9 (13,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1 a 7 anos</td>
                <td align="center">34 (50,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8 anos ou mais</td>
                <td align="center">19 (28,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Universidade</td>
                <td align="center">5 (7,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Capacidade Funcional</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DASI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t02-fn01">a</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">42,7 &#177; 1,95 (28,45-52,95)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>VO<sub>2</sub>max (ml.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t02-fn02">b</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">26,17 &#177; 9,07 (23,85-28,46)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>METmax<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t02-fn02">b</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">7,47 &#177; 2,60 (6,81-8,13)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>Dados expressos como frequ&#234;ncia (%), m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o (intervalo
								de confian&#231;a de 95%) ou mediana &#177; erro padr&#227;o (intervalo
								interquartil de 25-75%; </p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="t02-fn01">
              <label>a</label>
              <p>datos expressos como mediana;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="t02-fn02">
              <label>b</label>
              <p> n = 62 ; MET: equivalente metab&#243;lico m&#225;ximo ao teste ergom&#233;trico,
									VO<sub>2</sub>max : consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio no teste de
								esfor&#231;o</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tradu&#231;&#227;o e Adapta&#231;&#227;o Cultural</title>
        <p>A partir da an&#225;lise e sugest&#245;es do comit&#234; de especialistas, com o objetivo de
					obter uma maior equival&#234;ncia entre a vers&#227;o traduzida e o original, uma melhor
					adapta&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio para a cultura brasileira e uma maior compreens&#227;o dos
					itens, foram feitas altera&#231;&#245;es na vers&#227;o T-1.2. No item 7, o termo <italic>"use
						vacuum cleaner"</italic> (usar o aspirador de p&#243;) foi substitu&#237;do por
						<italic>"vacuuming" </italic> (passar o aspirador de p&#243;), considerado mais
					ad equado e utilizado pela popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. No item 8, o termo
						<italic>"scrubbing floor"</italic> (esfregar o ch&#227;o) poderia ser entendido
					como esfregar o ch&#227;o com uma vassoura ou outro objeto na posi&#231;&#227;o de p&#233;. Para
					esclarecer esta atividade, que deve ser feita na posi&#231;&#227;o de joelhos para
					combinar com o gasto metab&#243;lico desejado (8 METS), foi escolhido o termo
						<italic>"scrubbing the floor with your hands using a brush"</italic>
					(esfregar o ch&#227;o com as m&#227;os usando uma escova). O termo <italic>"moving heavy
						furniture"</italic> (deslocar m&#243;veis pesados) tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi considerado
					claro. Assim, foi acrescentado <italic>"move heavy furniture of the
						place"</italic> (deslocar m&#243;veis pesados do lugar). Foi inclu&#237;do o termo
						<italic>"electric"</italic> ao item 9 para especificar o equipamento
					corretamente e comparar o gasto metab&#243;lico (4,5 METS). Os itens 11 e 12 eram
					atividades que n&#227;o s&#227;o usuais no Brasil, sendo substitu&#237;das por voleibol,
					ciclismo, hidrogin&#225;stica, futebol e corrida, que t&#234;m um gasto metab&#243;lico
						equivalente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
        <p>Todos os participantes do pr&#233;-teste disseram que foi f&#225;cil responder o
					question&#225;rio, que os itens eram claros, n&#227;o tiveram d&#250;vidas durante a aplica&#231;&#227;o
					e conheciam todas as atividades enumeradas. No entanto, a partir dessa
					aplica&#231;&#227;o, verificou-se que o termo <italic>"walk"</italic> (caminhar) nos itens
					2 e 3 foi confundido com a atividade f&#237;sica habitual conhecida como
						<italic>"walk"</italic> (caminhada) pelos brasileiros. Ent&#227;o, decidimos
					substituir a palavra <italic>"walk"</italic> por <italic>"walking"</italic>
					(andar). Esta vers&#227;o foi considerada culturalmente adaptada para o Brasil,
					mostrando equival&#234;ncia com a vers&#227;o original e foi usada para testar as
					propriedades psicom&#233;tricas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Tabela
					3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vers&#227;o final Brasileira do <italic>Duke Activity Status
								Index</italic>
						</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="left">
                <th colspan="4">
                  <bold>Duke Activity Status Index Vers&#227;o Brasileira
										Coutinho-Myrrha MA et al</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Voc&#234; consegue</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Peso (MET)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>Sim</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>N&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1. Cuidar de si mesmo, isto &#233;, comer, vestir-se, tomar banho ou
									ir ao banheiro?</td>
                <td align="center">2,75</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2. Andar em ambientes fechados, como em sua casa?</td>
                <td align="center">1,75</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3. Andar um quarteir&#227;o ou dois em terreno plano?</td>
                <td align="center">2,75</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4. Subir um lance de escadas ou subir um morro?</td>
                <td align="center">5,50</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>5. Correr uma dist&#226;ncia curta?</td>
                <td align="center">8,00</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas leves como tirar p&#243; ou lavar a
									lou&#231;a?</td>
                <td align="center">2,70</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas moderadas como passar o aspirador de
									p&#243;, varrer o ch&#227;o ou carregar as compras de supermercado?</td>
                <td align="center">3,50</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas pesadas como esfregar o ch&#227;o com as
									m&#227;os usando uma escova ou deslocar m&#243;veis pesados do lugar?</td>
                <td align="center">8,00</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9. Fazer trabalhos de jardinagem como recolher folhas, capinar
									ou usar um cortador el&#233;trico de grama?</td>
                <td align="center">4,50</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10. Ter rela&#231;&#245;es sexuais?</td>
                <td align="center">5,25</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>11. Participar de atividades recreativas moderadas como v&#244;lei,
									boliche, dan&#231;a, t&#234;nis em dupla, andar de bicicleta ou fazer
									hidrogin&#225;stica?</td>
                <td align="center">6,00</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12. Participar de esportes extenuantes como nata&#231;&#227;o, t&#234;nis
									individual, futebol, basquetebol ou corrida?</td>
                <td align="center">7,50</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Pontua&#231;&#227;o total:</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p><bold>Pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI:</bold> o peso das respostas positivas s&#227;o
								somados para se obter uma pontua&#231;&#227;o total que varia de 0 a 58.2.
								Quanto maior a pontua&#231;&#227;o, maior a capacidade funcional.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O CCI encontrado para a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi de 0,87 e 0,84 para
					examinadores. Encontramos um valor de alfa de Cronbach de 0,93 para a
					consist&#234;ncia interna. Na an&#225;lise de crit&#233;rio de validade concorrente, houve
					correla&#231;&#227;o significativa e positiva entre o VO<sub>2max</sub> e a pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI
					(r = 0,51, p &lt; 0,001) como se mostra na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura
						1</xref>.</p>
        <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Correla&#231;&#227;o entre a pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI e a capacidade funcional m&#225;xima.
							DASI: Duke Activity Status Index; METmax: equivalente metab&#243;lico m&#225;ximo;
								VO<sub>2</sub>max: consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-04-0383-40031-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>A an&#225;lise fatorial explorat&#243;ria para avaliar a validade de construto foi
					realizada excluindo os itens 1 e 2 do question&#225;rio, uma vez que todos os
					indiv&#237;duos da amostra responderam que foram capazes de realizar as atividades
					propostas. Portanto, n&#227;o houve varia&#231;&#227;o desses itens. O valor de signific&#226;ncia
					obtido pelo KMO (0,85) e o teste de Bartlett (p &lt; 0,0001) foram adequados
					para o uso da an&#225;lise fatorial para o tratamento de dados. Foram extra&#237;dos dois
					fatores. Esses fatores foram respons&#225;veis por 53,81 % da vari&#226;ncia total, com o
					fator 1 respondendo por 39,99% da vari&#226;ncia. O primeiro fator foi composto pelos
					itens 5,8,9,11,12 e reflete as atividades com maior demanda metab&#243;lica. O
					segundo fator foi composto pelos itens 3,4,6,7,10 e reflete as atividades com um
					gasto metab&#243;lico mais baixo.</p>
        <p>A aplica&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio variou entre um e tr&#234;s minutos e meio, com uma m&#233;dia
					de 1,57 &#177; 0,56 (1,37 2,05) minutos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este estudo traduziu o question&#225;rio DASI, o adaptou culturalmente, e verificou suas
				propriedades psicom&#233;tricas. O question&#225;rio teve alta consist&#234;ncia interna, bom
				teste-reteste e confiabilidade dos avaliadores, excelente validade de crit&#233;rio
				concorrente e tamb&#233;m foi r&#225;pido e f&#225;cil de usar na popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo.</p>
      <p>&#201; importante enfatizar a import&#226;ncia do comit&#234; de especialistas multidisciplinares no
				processo de tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural. Ap&#243;s a avalia&#231;&#227;o de pessoas de diferentes
				&#225;reas, foi poss&#237;vel introduzir itens mais claros e equivalentes &#224; vers&#227;o original.
				Al&#233;m disso, o pr&#233;-teste indicou uma poss&#237;vel falha de interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos itens 2 e 3,
				que foi corrigida na vers&#227;o final. A metodologia forneceu qualidade e seguran&#231;a &#224;
				tradu&#231;&#227;o. Ent&#227;o, seguir os passos propostos pelos estudos de tradu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o
				cultural &#233; essencial para que a vers&#227;o final seja equivalente &#224; original. Os
				resultados deste estudo mostraram que o DASI, adaptado para o Brasil, mostrou
				equival&#234;ncia sem&#226;ntica, idiom&#225;tica e conceitual com a vers&#227;o original.</p>
      <p>N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as entre a amostra pr&#233; teste e a amostra em que as
				propriedades psicom&#233;tricas foram verificadas. Estas amostras devem ser semelhantes e
				compostas pela popula&#231;&#227;o alvo, assegurando assim que a vers&#227;o &#233; apropriada para esta
				popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>&#201; importante verificar as propriedades psicom&#233;tricas, porque a simples tradu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o
				garante a manuten&#231;&#227;o de tais propriedades<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. A
				avalia&#231;&#227;o demonstrou que o DASI apresenta uma confiabilidade e validade adequadas
				para avaliar a capacidade funcional dos indiv&#237;duos com DCV. O alto valor do CCI
				encontrado para a confiabilidade do teste-reteste e entre avaliadores demonstra a
				consist&#234;ncia da medida. O question&#225;rio mostrou-se homog&#234;neo, medindo o mesmo
				construto, com adequada consist&#234;ncia interna (valores de alfa de Cronbach &gt;
				0,90). Foram encontradas correla&#231;&#245;es moderadas entre a pontua&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio e
				as vari&#225;veis obtidas no teste de esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo. Este &#233; um resultado favor&#225;vel e
				esperado, pois o DASI avalia a capacidade funcional percebida pelo indiv&#237;duo, sendo
				uma medida subjetiva, enquanto o teste ergom&#233;trico avalia objetivamente a capacidade
				m&#225;xima. Assim, a validade do crit&#233;rio concorrente foi adequada. Al&#233;m disso, outros
				autores encontraram correla&#231;&#227;o semelhante entre as pontua&#231;&#245;es no DASI e o
					VO<sub>2</sub> pico em indiv&#237;duos card&#237;acos (r = 0,62<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> e = 0,64<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>, p &lt;
				0,001). </p>
      <p>Entre outros question&#225;rios que tamb&#233;m avaliam a capacidade funcional, como os
					<italic>Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire</italic> (VSAQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>, the <italic>Specific Activity
					Questionnaire</italic> (SAQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> e a Escala
				de Atividade Espec&#237;fica de Goldman (SAS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>, o
				DASI apresentou melhor correla&#231;&#227;o com o VO<sub>2</sub> obtido usando o teste de
					exerc&#237;cio<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. A correla&#231;&#227;o entre o DASI e
				o VO<sub>2 </sub>pico mostrou uma correla&#231;&#227;o boa a excelente quando aplicados como
				uma entrevista (r = 0,81, p &lt; 0,001) e moderada quando era auto administrada (r =
				0,58, p &lt; 0,001), sendo melhor do que a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o VO<sub>2</sub> pico e
				o SCCS (r = 0,49, p &lt; 0,01) e SAS (r = 0,30, p &lt; 0,01) em indiv&#237;duos com
					DCV<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. O MET avaliado por meio do DASI
				antes do teste ergom&#233;trico, mostrou correla&#231;&#227;o direta com a capacidade funcional
				avaliada pelo protocolo de Bruce<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. Estes estudos enfatizam a sua utilidade
				para escolher o melhor protocolo de exerc&#237;cio<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Quanto menor for a pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI antes de realizar o teste de
				esfor&#231;o, maior ser&#225; incapacidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de qualquer protocolo de teste.</p>
      <p>Os resultados da an&#225;lise fatorial explorat&#243;ria indicaram a presen&#231;a de dois fatores e
				os itens foram separados de acordo com o custo metab&#243;lico (MET). O Item 9 sobre
				trabalho de jardinagem, apesar de corresponder a um baixo custo metab&#243;lico (4 METS),
				foi relacionado aos itens de maior MET (Fator 1). As atividades de jardinagem n&#227;o
				s&#227;o muito habituais entre os brasileiros que residem em um ambiente urbano. Por
				isso, pode ter existido uma superestima&#231;&#227;o pelos participantes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel
				de dificuldade da atividade. Durante a avalia&#231;&#227;o do comit&#234; de especialistas foi
				discutida a possibilidade de substituir este item por outra atividade. No entanto,
				optou-se por manter este item devido &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o residente em &#225;reas rurais no Brasil
					(15,64%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> e por se considerar que
				aqueles que residem em &#225;reas urbanas t&#234;m acesso a tais atividades.</p>
      <p>Em estudos anteriores, o DASI demonstrou ser uma ferramenta na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e na
				pesquisa, sendo poss&#237;vel discernir diferentes gravidades da doen&#231;a, avaliar os
				efeitos do tratamento m&#233;dico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>, da
				reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes para decis&#245;es cl&#237;nicas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Apesar da grande utilidade cl&#237;nica e
				cient&#237;fica, o DASI pode n&#227;o ser adequado para diferenciar as pessoas com capacidade
				funcional elevada, devido a um efeito teto encontrado neste estudo e em outros<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. Este efeito existe quando mais do que 15 %
				da amostra atinge a pontua&#231;&#227;o total<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. Neste
				estudo, 17,52% do total da amostra (n = 97) receberam a pontua&#231;&#227;o total. Observou-se
				tamb&#233;m, como no estudo original, que os pacientes com baixa capacidade informaram a
				pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI m&#225;xima (vide a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>, menos
				de 20 ml.kg <sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>). Assim, estudos futuros devem ser feitos
				para investigar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade f&#237;sica e a percep&#231;&#227;o do
				paciente.</p>
      <p>Estudos recentes t&#234;m aplicado este question&#225;rio em outras popula&#231;&#245;es, como a doen&#231;a
				pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> e doen&#231;a
					renal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>. Tavares e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>, em um estudo conduzido em paralelo ao
				presente estudo, realizaram a adapta&#231;&#227;o cultural e avalia&#231;&#227;o da reprodutibilidade do
				DASI no Brasil, em uma amostra de indiv&#237;duos com DPOC. Os autores encontraram um CCI
				de 0,95 intra e interobservador de 0,90 e uma melhor correla&#231;&#227;o com o dom&#237;nio de
				atividade do Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (p &lt;0,001, r =
				-0,70).</p>
      <p>Recomenda-se que os profissionais de sa&#250;de avaliem e desenvolvam planos de tratamento
				de acordo com o modelo proposto pela Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Funcionalidade,
				Incapacidade e Sa&#250;de (CIF). &#201; importante ter como foco as implica&#231;&#245;es que uma
				condi&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de pode ter na vida de um indiv&#237;duo, a ado&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos
				baseados em um modelo que n&#227;o s&#243; informa sobre as condi&#231;&#245;es, mas, principalmente, o
				seu impacto na vida das pessoas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>. O DASI
				fornece essas informa&#231;&#245;es, especificando quais as atividades que s&#227;o limitadas pela
				doen&#231;a e o impacto na vida do paciente. Neste estudo o DASI apresentou
				caracter&#237;sticas apropriadas para ser considerado uma boa ferramenta na &#225;rea de
					reabilita&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>.</p>
      <p>Este estudo tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Em primeiro lugar, n&#243;s n&#227;o utilizamos um
				protocolo de esteira individualizado nem medimos diretamente o consumo de oxig&#234;nio.
				Em segundo lugar, embora o question&#225;rio fosse aplicado em forma de entrevista, a
				menor escolaridade dos sujeitos pode ter aumentado as dificuldades de interpreta&#231;&#227;o
				inerentes a este tipo de ferramenta. Provavelmente estas limita&#231;&#245;es contribu&#237;ram
				para a menor correla&#231;&#227;o (0,51) com a capacidade m&#225;xima em compara&#231;&#227;o com o estudo
					inicial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> (0,81). Finalmente, temos de
				considerar que algumas quest&#245;es est&#227;o relacionadas com atividades inespec&#237;ficas que
				podem ter varia&#231;&#245;es em termos de MET (por exemplo, o ponto 10 - "ter rela&#231;&#245;es
				sexuais?"). Estudos futuros s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para abranger estas quest&#245;es.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>A presente vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s do DASI est&#225; adaptada para a cultura brasileira e
				parece ser um instrumento v&#225;lido, confi&#225;vel, r&#225;pido e f&#225;cil para avaliar a
				capacidade funcional dos indiv&#237;duos com DCV.</p>
      <p>Esta vers&#227;o DASI brasileira pode ser utilizada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e tamb&#233;m na &#225;rea de
				pesquisa para comparar os estudos brasileiros com os de outros pa&#237;ses usando a mesma
				ferramenta.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Dias RC, Britto RR; Obten&#231;&#227;o
					de dados: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Fernandes AA, Ara&#250;jo CG; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o
					dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Dias RC, Fernandes AA,
					Pereira DG, Britto RR; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Pereira DG,
					Britto RR; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Britto RR; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito
					quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Dias RC, Ara&#250;jo CG, Hlatky MA, Pereira DG.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de Disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Mariana A. Coutinho-Myrrha pela
					Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelas CNPq, FAPEMIG e CAPES</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Pesquisa parcialmente financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico
				e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), Processo 302913/2008-4 e 307597/2001-3 e pela Funda&#231;&#227;o de
				Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Processo PPM00478-11. Mariana
				A. C. Myrrha recebeu bolsa de mestrado da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal
				de N&#237;vel Superior (CAPES).</p>
    </ack>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Duke Activity Status Index for Cardiovascular Diseases:
					Validation of the Portuguese Translation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coutinho-Myrrha</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Ros&#226;ngela C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fernandes</surname>
            <given-names>Aline A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Christiano G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff07">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hlatky</surname>
            <given-names>Mark A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff08">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Danielle G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Britto</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Programa de
					P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) -
					Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Fisioterapia - UFMG -
					Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff07">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Setor de Cardiologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas
					da UFMG- Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff08">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Standford University School of
					Medicine</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address:</bold> Raquel Rodrigues Britto Departamento de
					Fisioterapia, Av. Prof. Antonio Carlos, 6637, Pampulha. CEP 31140-500, Belo
					Horizonte, MG - Brazil. E- mail: <email>r3britto@gmail.com</email>,
						<email>rbrito@ufmg.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) assesses the functional capacity of
						patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but there is no Portuguese
						version validated for CVD. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To translate and adapt cross-culturally the DASI for the Portuguese-Brazil
						language, and to verify its psychometric properties in the assessment of
						functional capacity of patients with CVD. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p> The DASI was translated into Portuguese, then checked by back-translation
						into English and evaluated by an expert committee. The pre-test version was
						first evaluated in 30 subjects. The psychometric properties and correlation
						with exercise testing was performed in a second group of 67 subjects. An
						exploratory factor analyses was performed in all 97 subjects to verify the
						construct validity of the DASI. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.87
						and for the inter-rater reliability was 0.84. Cronbach's &#945; for internal
						consistency was 0.93. The concurrent validity was verified by significant
						positive correlations of DASI scores with the VO<sub>2</sub>max (r = 0.51, p
						&lt; 0.001). The factor analysis yielded two factors, which explained 54% of
						the total variance, with factor 1 accounting for 40% of the variance.
						Application of the DASI required between one and three and a half minutes
						per patient. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>The Brazilian version of the DASI appears to be a valid, reliable, fast and
						easy to administer tool to assess functional capacity among patients with
						CVD.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Work capacity evaluation</kwd>
        <kwd>Practice guidelines</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise test</kwd>
        <kwd>Questionnaires</kwd>
        <kwd>Validation studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) lead to physical disabilities and reduce patients'
					quality of life by their direct impact on functional capacity and performance.
					Assessment of functional capacity is important to investigate the impact of the
					disease on a patient's life, to determine the degree of constraint imposed by
					CVD, as well as by being a factor in diagnosis, prognosis and a strong predictor
					of mortality<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. </p>
        <p>The maximal exercise testing is the only accurate method to determine the aerobic
						capacity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. However, it is not always
					usable either due to patient physical condition or when it may expose a given
					patient to higher-than-normal risk. Questionnaires are an inexpensive, simple
					and safe tool to assess the functional or clinical status<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> that might be used before the exercise
					test to determine a patient's ability to perform appropriate effort<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. </p>
        <p>The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a questionnaire, originally developed in
						English<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>, to assess the functional
					capacity. DASI has been used mainly to evaluate patients with cardiovascular
					diseases, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial ischemia
					and infarction<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>. In clinical practice, DASI can be used
					to assess the effects of medical treatments and cardiac rehabilitation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> and to assist clinical decisions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. In controlled clinical trials, DASI
					can serve to evaluate interventions and as a component of the assessment of the
					treatment cost/benefit<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. </p>
        <p>Considering that DASI is characterized as a good functional capacity
					questionnaire, the evidence of validity, the usefulness and large clinical and
					scientific applicability, it appears to be a useful tool to evaluate cardiac
						patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. So, to be used with Brazilian CVD
					patients it is necessary to validate DASI and verify its psychometric properties
					in this population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
        <p>The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the DASI to
					Brazilian Portuguese and verify its psychometric properties in the assessment of
					functional capacity of individuals with CVD.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Participants</title>
          <p>The participants were of both sexes, diagnosed with CVD, older than 22 years
						old, with body mass index between 18.6 and 39.9 kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>, from Brazilian nationality and who had lived most of
						their life in Brazil. The inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of
						cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease, valvular heart
						disease, arrhythmia with at least one symptom<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> such as chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, or dyspnea and
						physician referral to exercise testing. The excluded criteria were:
						cognitive deficit screened by Mini Mental State Examination according to the
						cutoff points recommended by Bertolucci et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>, emergency care or hospitalization two months before as well
						as acute illness, fever or severe physical limitation that would prevent
						from doing the exercise test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>. </p>
          <p>Data was collected between February and August 2012 and patients were
						recruited at Stress Testing Laboratory of the University Hospital's
						Cardiology Service. The research was carried out according to the
						Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the
						institution. All subjects were informed about the research objectives and
						signed a consent form. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Duke Activity Status Index (DASI)</title>
          <p>The DASI was developed aiming at correcting failures presented by other
						instruments such as the New York Heart Association Scale (NYHA) and the
						Canadian Cardiovascular Society (SCCS). It is a 12-item questionnaire that
						assesses daily activities such as personal care, ambulation, household
						tasks, sexual function and recreation with respective metabolic costs. Each
						item has a specific weight based on the metabolic cost (MET). The
						participants were asked to identify each activity they are able to do. The
						final score ranges between zero and 58.2 points. The higher the score, the
						better the functional capacity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Translation and Cultural Adaptation</title>
          <p>The process of translation and cultural adaptation followed the steps
						proposed by Beaton et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. The
						original version (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Table 1</xref>) was
						independently translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two bilingual
						translators, qualified, whose mother tongue was Portuguese, generating
						versions T1 and T2. The first translator had no knowledge about medical area
						and was not informed about the goals and concepts studied. The second
						translator was a physiotherapist, PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences, with
						knowledge about the concepts assessed. The translators were instructed to
						make a report about doubts and difficulties.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t04">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Original version of Duke Activity Status Index<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
							</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2" align="left">
                    <bold>Duke Activity Status Index <italic>Mark A. Hlatky et
												al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
											</italic>
										</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Can you</td>
                  <td align="center">Weight</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1. Take care of yourself, that is, eating, dressing, bathing
										or using the toilet?</td>
                  <td align="center">2.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2. Walk indoors, such as around your house?</td>
                  <td align="center">1.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3. Walk a block or two on level ground?</td>
                  <td align="center">2.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4. Climb a flight of stairs or walk up a hill?</td>
                  <td align="center">5.50</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5. Run a short distance?</td>
                  <td align="center">8.00</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6. Do light work around the house like dusting or washing
										dishes?</td>
                  <td align="center">2.70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7. Do moderate work around the house like vacuuming,
										sweeping floors, or carrying in groceries?</td>
                  <td align="center">3.50</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8. Do heavy work around the house like scrubbing floors or
										lifting or moving heavy furniture?</td>
                  <td align="center">8.00</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9. Do yardwork like raking leaves, weeding, or pushing a
										power mower?</td>
                  <td align="center">4.50</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10. Have sexual relations?</td>
                  <td align="center">5.25</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11. Participate in moderate recreational activities like
										golf, bowling, dancing, doubles tennis, or throwing a
										baseball or football?</td>
                  <td align="center">6.00</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12. Participate in strenuous sports like swimming, singles
										tennis, football, basketball, or skiing?</td>
                  <td align="center">7.50</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">Total Score:</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p><bold>DASI scoring:</bold> Positive responses are summed to get
									a total score, which ranges from 0 to 58.2. Higher scores
									indicate higher functional capacity.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>A third bilingual translator, whose mother tongue is Portuguese, synthesized
						the translations T1 and T2, comparing them with the original version. Thus,
						it was generated the consensus version (T-1.2). From this version, the back
						translation was done into English by two other independent translators with
						no knowledge about the original version. These translators were English
						native speakers, lived in Brazil, did not belong to the medical area and
						were not informed about the concepts assessed in the questionnaire.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Psychometric Validation</title>
          <p>The translations were reviewed by an expert committee formed by a
						multidisciplinary team including the researchers, the translators, the five
						translators and an healthcare professional an expert in research methodology
						and who understands the concepts and goals of DASI. From all versions, based
						on the sociocultural context of Brazil, the committee assessed the clarity,
						relevance, coherence and significance of the items. All items of the
						consensus version were evaluated and compared to the original version in
						order to achieve the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and content
						equivalence.</p>
          <p>The pre-test version was approved by all committee members, with items
						considered clear and easy to understand even to a 12- year old person<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. This version was submitted to
						subjects with CVD to evaluate possible deviations and errors committed
						during translation checking whether all items were clearly and unequivocally
						understood. Participants were questioned about the clarity of the items and
						if they knew all the activities contained in the questionnaire.</p>
          <p>The DASI was submited as an interview considering the lower education level
						of the population. However, the researchers maintained a neutral stance
						during the submission. Two trained raters, blinded as to the application of
						another evaluator, were given the questionnaire with an interval of one hour
						to assess interrater reliability. The same examiner reapplied the
						questionnaire personally or by phone with an interval between seven to ten
						days to assess the test-retest reliability. The time required for the
						questionnaire application was recorded.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Exercise Test Protocol</title>
          <p>The exercise test protocol was the routinely used in the laboratory where
						patients were recruited. A cardiologist performed the tests and all
						equipments required to life support were available. The subjects were
						instructed to maintain their usual medication, resting two hours before the
						test and avoid caffeine, smoking and exercise on the test day. The exercise
						testing was performed according to the Bruce protocol<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>, using a treadmill (<italic>Micromed<sup>&#174;</sup>,
							Brazil</italic>) following the recommendations of the Brazilian Cardiac
							Society<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. A minimal handrail
						support was allowed. During the test, including rest and recovery periods,
						heart rate (HR) and 12-lead electrocardiographic were continuously monitored
						by electrocardiograph (<italic>Micromed<sup>&#174;</sup>
						</italic>, Brazil) in connection with the software (<italic>PC Ergo Elite
							13</italic>) as well as blood pressure every three minutes. The test was
						finished upon subject request, on report of symptoms such as leg pain,
						tachycardia, angina or any other discomfort and according to the absolute
						criteria for interruption<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>.</p>
          <p>Unfortunately we did not have an oxygen consumption analyzer available, the
						oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>) was estimated using a software according to
						the following formulas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>: </p>
          <p>VO<italic><sub>2</sub></italic> (ml/kg.min)=(time-minutes from exercise test x 2.33)+9.48 for
						men</p>
          <p>VO<sub>2</sub> (ml/kg.min)=(time-minutes from exercise test x 3.36)+1.06 for
						women</p>
          <p>In order to avoid confounding factors, the physician conducting the exercise
						test was blinded regarding the outcome of the DASI questionnaire.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>The SPSS version 15.0 was used to store and analyse data. The normal
						distribution of data was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
						Variables with normal distribution were expressed as mean, standard
						deviation and confidence interval of 95%. Variables with non-normal
						distribution were expressed as median and interquartile range of 25-75%. A
						significance level of 5% was adopted for all statistical tests.</p>
          <p>The group that submitted the pre-test was compared with the group that
						performed the exercise test by independent t-test. To assess the test-retest
						and interrater reliabilities it was used the intraclass correlation
						coefficient (ICC) calculated for the total score of the questionnaire.
						Internal consistency was assessed using &#945;-Cronbach's coefficient. The
						assessment of concurrent criterion validity was performed using the Spearman
						correlation between the final score of the DASI and maximal VO<sub>2</sub>
						achieved in exercise test.</p>
          <p>Factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. We performed principal components
						analysis with varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization. The adequacy of
						the correlation matrix was verified by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)
						criteria, which should be greater than 0.60 and Bartlett's test considering
						a significance level of 0.05. As a criterion for extracting the number of
						factors, eigenvalues greater than or equal to one were considered relevant
						factors. Following rotation matrix, items with a factor loading greater than
						or equal to 0.4 were added to the factor. The time required for the
						application of DASI was expressed as median, in minutes. </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Participants</title>
          <p>Following Beaton et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
						recommendations, 30 individuals participated in the pre-test. The
						test-retest and interrater reliabilities and internal consistency were
						observed in other 67 subjects. The characteristics of these participants are
						presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Table 2</xref>. The concurrent
						criterion validity was performed in 62 subjects, since five were excluded
						due to non completion of exercise test. The verification of construct
						validity was conducted with the total sample of 97 individuals. There was no
						statistically difference between individuals who participated in the
						pre-test and those who participated in the evaluation of psychometric
						properties (p &gt; 0.05). The sample consisted predominantly of males and
						coronary artery disease patients. The majority of the subjects had
						cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and
						smoking addiction.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t05">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Demographic, clinical and functional capacity</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>n = 67</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Male/Female</td>
                  <td align="center">41/26 (61.2% / 38.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (years)</td>
                  <td align="center">56.88 &#177; 11.93 (53.97-59.79)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Weight (Kg)</td>
                  <td align="center">72.63 &#177; 15.61 (68.37-75.84)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Height (m)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.63 &#177; 0.09 (1.60-1.65)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Body Mass Index (Kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">27.28 &#177; 4.76 (26.12-28.44)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Type of Cardiovascular Disease</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary arterial disease</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (40.31%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (31.34%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ischemic Cardiomiopathy</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (11.94%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Valvulopathy</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (13.43%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arrhythmia</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2.98%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Risk Factors</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (79.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (16.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypercholesterolemia</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (62.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesity</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (25.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoker</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (20.9%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ex-smoker</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (34.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Schooling</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Illiterate</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (13.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1 to 7 years</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (50.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8 years or more</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (28.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>College</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (7.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Functional Capacity</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DASI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t05-fn01">a</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">42.7 &#177; 1.95 (28.45-52.95)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>VO<sub>2</sub>max (ml.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t05-fn02">b</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">26.17 &#177; 9.07 (23.85-28.46)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>METmax<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t05-fn02">b</xref>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">7.47 &#177; 2.60 (6.81-8.13)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>Data expressed as frequency (%), mean &#177; standard deviation
									(confidence interval 95%) or median &#177; standard error
									(interquartile range of 25-75%); </p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="t05-fn01">
                <label>a</label>
                <p>data expressed as median;</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="t05-fn02">
                <label>b</label>
                <p>n = 62; MET: maximal metabolic equivalent at exercise test;
										VO<sub>2</sub>max: maximal oxygen uptake at exercise
									test.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Translation and Cultural Adaptation</title>
          <p>From the analysis and suggestions of the expert committee, aiming at getting
						greater equivalence of the translated version with the original, a better
						adaptation of the questionnaire to Brazilian culture and a greater
						understanding of the items, changes were made in version T-1.2. In the item
						7, the term <italic>"use vacuum cleaner"</italic> (usar o aspirador de p&#243;)
						was replaced by <italic>"vacuuming"</italic> (passar o aspirador de p&#243;),
						considered more appropriate and used by the Brazilian population. In item 8,
						the term <italic>"scrubbing floor"</italic> (esfregar o ch&#227;o) could be
						understood to mop the floor using a broom or other object in a standing
						position. To clarify this activity, which should be held in the kneel down
						position to match the desired metabolic expenditure (8 METS), was chosen the
						term <italic>"scrubbing the floor with your hands using a brush"</italic>
						(esfregar o ch&#227;o com as m&#227;os usando uma escova). The term <italic>"moving
							heavy furniture"</italic> (deslocar m&#243;veis pesados) was also considered
						not clear. Thus, it was added <italic>"move heavy furniture of the
							place"</italic> (deslocar m&#243;veis pesados do lugar). It was included the
						term <italic>"electric"</italic> to item 9 to specify the equipment
						correctly and match the metabolic expenditure (4.5 METS). Items 11 and 12
						referred activities that are not usual in Brazil. These activities have been
						replaced by volleyball, riding a bicycle, doing water aerobics, soccer and
						running, which have equivalent metabolic expenditure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
          <p>All participants of the pre-test said that the questionnaire was easy to
						answer; the items were clear, they had no doubts during application and knew
						all the activities listed. However, from that application, it was found that
						the term "walk" (caminhar) in items 2 and 3 was confused with habitual
						physical activity known as "walk" (caminhada) to Brazilians. So, we decided
						to replace the word "walk" by "walking" (andar). This version was considered
						culturally adapted to Brazil, showing equivalence with the original version
						and was used for testing the psychometric properties (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Table 3</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t06">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Final Version Duke Activity Status Index Brazilian
								version</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="4" align="left">
                    <bold>Duke Activity Status Index Vers&#227;o Brasileira
											Coutinho-Myrrha MA et al</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Voc&#234; consegue</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Peso (MET)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Sim</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>N&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1. Cuidar de si mesmo, isto &#233;, comer, vestir-se, tomar banho
										ou ir ao banheiro?</td>
                  <td align="center">2,75</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2. Andar em ambientes fechados, como em sua casa?</td>
                  <td align="center">1,75</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3. Andar um quarteir&#227;o ou dois em terreno plano?</td>
                  <td align="center">2,75</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4. Subir um lance de escadas ou subir um morro?</td>
                  <td align="center">5,50</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5. Correr uma dist&#226;ncia curta?</td>
                  <td align="center">8,00</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas leves como tirar p&#243; ou lavar a
										lou&#231;a?</td>
                  <td align="center">2,70</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas moderadas como passar o
										aspirador de p&#243;, varrer o ch&#227;o ou carregar as compras de
										supermercado?</td>
                  <td align="center">3,50</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8. Fazer tarefas dom&#233;sticas pesadas como esfregar o ch&#227;o com
										as m&#227;os usando uma escova ou deslocar m&#243;veis pesados do
										lugar?</td>
                  <td align="center">8,00</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9. Fazer trabalhos de jardinagem como recolher folhas,
										capinar ou usar um cortador el&#233;trico de grama?</td>
                  <td align="center">4,50</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10. Ter rela&#231;&#245;es sexuais?</td>
                  <td align="center">5,25</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11. Participar de atividades recreativas moderadas como
										v&#244;lei, boliche, dan&#231;a, t&#234;nis em dupla, andar de bicicleta ou
										fazer hidrogin&#225;stica?</td>
                  <td align="center">6,00</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12. Participar de esportes extenuantes como nata&#231;&#227;o, t&#234;nis
										individual, futebol, basquetebol ou corrida?</td>
                  <td align="center">7,50</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Pontua&#231;&#227;o total:</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p><bold>Pontua&#231;&#227;o DASI:</bold> o peso das respostas positivas s&#227;o
									somados para se obter uma pontua&#231;&#227;o total que varia de 0 a 58.2.
									Quanto maior a pontua&#231;&#227;o, maior a capacidade funcional.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Psychometric Validation</title>
          <p>The ICC found for the test-retest reliability was 0.87 and 0.84 for
						interrater. We found a Cronbach's &#945; of 0.93 for internal consistency. In the
						analysis of concurrent criterion validity, there were significant and
						positive correlation between VO<sub>2max</sub> and DASI score (r = 0.51, p
						&lt; 0.001) as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
          <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Correlation between DASI score and maximal functional capacity.
								DASI: Duke Activity Status Index; METmax: Maximal metabolic
								equivalent; VO<sub>2</sub>max: Maximal oxygen uptake.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-04-0383-40031-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
          <p>The exploratory factor analysis to assess construct validity was conducted
						excluding items 1 and 2 of the questionnaire, since all subjects in the
						sample responded that they were able to carry out the proposed activities.
						Therefore, there was no variance of these items. The significance value
						obtained by KMO (0.85) and Bartlett's test (p &lt; 0.0001) were adequate to
						the use of factor analysis for the data treatment. We extracted two factors.
						These factors accounted for 53.81% of total variance, with factor 1
						accounting for 39.99% of the variance. The first factor was composed of
						items 5,8,9,11,12 and reflects activities with higher metabolic demand. The
						second factor was composed of items 3,4,6,7,10 and reflects activities with
						a lower metabolic cost.</p>
          <p>The questionnaire application varied between one and three and a half
						minutes, with a median of 1.57 &#177; 0.56 (1.37 to 2.05) minutes.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This study translated the DASI questionnaire, adapted it culturally, and verified
					its psychometric properties. The questionnaire had high internal consistency,
					good test-retest and interrater reliabilities, excellent concurrent criterion
					validity and it also was quick and easy to use in the target population.</p>
        <p>It is important to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary experts
					committee in the process of translation and cultural adaptation. After
					evaluation of people from different areas, it was possible to make items clearer
					and more equivalent to the original version. Moreover, the pre-test indicated a
					possible misinterpretation of items 2 and 3 that were corrected in the final
					version. The methodology provided the translation quality and safety. So,
					following the steps proposed for the translation and cultural adaptation studies
					it is essential for the final version to be equivalent to the original. The
					results of this study showed that the DASI, adapted to Brazil, showed semantic,
					idiomatic and conceptual equivalence with the original version.</p>
        <p>There were no statistically significant differences between the pre-test sample
					and the sample in which the psychometric properties were verified. These samples
					should be similar and composed by the target population, thus, ensuring that the
					translated version is suitable for this population.</p>
        <p>It is important to verify the psychometric properties because the simple
					translation does not ensure the maintenance of such proprieties<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. This evaluation demonstrated that DASI
					presents an adequate reliability and validity for assessing the functional
					capacity of individuals with CVD. The high value of CCI found for the
					test-retest reliabilities and interrater demonstrates the consistency of the
					measure. The questionnaire proved to be homogeneous, measuring the same
					construct, with adequate internal consistency (&#945;-Cronbach's values &gt; 0.90).
					Moderate correlations were found between the questionnaire score and variables
					obtained at maximal exercise test. This is a favorable outcome and expected
					because the DASI assesses the functional capacity perceived by the individual,
					being a subjective measure, while exercise test evaluates objectively the
					maximum capacity. So the concurrent criterion validity was suitable. Moreover,
					other authors found a similar correlation between scores on the DASI and
						VO<sub>2</sub>peak in cardiac subjects (r = 0.62<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> and r = 0.64<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>, p
					&lt; 0.001).</p>
        <p>Among other questionnaires that also evaluate functional capacity, such as the
					Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>, the Specific Activity Questionnaire (SAQ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> and the Specific Activity Scale of Goldman (SAS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>, the DASI showed better correlation with
						VO<sub>2</sub> obtained by using the exercise test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. The correlation between DASI and VO<sub>2</sub>peak
					showed good to excellent correlation when applied as an interview (r = 0.81, p
					&lt; 0.001) and moderate when self-administered (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.001), being
					better than the correlation between peak VO<sub>2 </sub>and SCCS (r = 0.49, p
					&lt; 0.01) and SAS (r = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01) in subjects with DCV<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. The MET assessed by DASI before the
					exercise test, showed direct correlation with functional capacity assessed by
					Bruce protocol<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>. These studies emphasize the usefulness
					to choose the best exercise protocol<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.
					The lower the DASI score before performing the exercise test, the greater the
					possibility of being unable to perform some test protocol. </p>
        <p>The exploratory factor analysis results indicated the presence of two factors and
					the items were separated according to the metabolic cost (MET). Item 9 regarding
					gardening works, despite the correspondence to a low metabolic cost (4 METS),
					was related to items corresponding to high MET (Factor 1). Gardening activities
					are not very usual among Brazilians residing in an urban environment. So it may
					have been an overestimation by the participants on the level of difficulty of
					this activity. During the evaluation of the expert committee it was discussed
					the possibility of replacing this item by another activity. However, we opted to
					maintain this item due to the population residing in rural areas in Brazil
						(15.64%)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> and the assumption that
					those residing in urban areas have access to such activities. </p>
        <p>In previous studies, the DASI demonstrated to be a useful tool in clinical
					practice and in research, being possible to discern different disease severity,
					assess effects of medical treatment<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>,
					cardiac rehabilitation and provide relevant information to clinical
						decisions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>. Despite the great clinical and
					scientific utility, the DASI may not be suitable to differentiate individuals
					with high functional capacity, due to a ceiling effect found in this and other
						studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. This effect exists when
					more than 15% of the sample reaches the total score<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>. In this study, 17.52% of the total sample (n = 97)
					obtained the total score. It was also observed, as the original study, that
					patients with low capacity reported the maximal DASI score (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref>, less than 20
						ml.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>). So, future studies have to be done to
					investigate the relationship between reduced physical capacity and patient
					perception. </p>
        <p>Recent studies have applied this questionnaire in other populations, such as
					those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> and kidney disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>. Tavares et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>, in a
					parallel conducted study performed the cultural adaptation and evaluation of the
					reproducibility of the DASI to Brazil in a sample of individuals with COPD. The
					authors found an ICC of 0.95 intraobserver and interobserver agreement of 0.90
					and a better correlation with the activity domain of the Saint George's
					Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (p &lt; 0.001, r = -0.70).</p>
        <p>It is recommended that health professionals assess and develop treatment plans
					according to the model proposed by the International Classification of
					Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It is important to focus on the
					implications of a health condition on an individual's life, adopting instruments
					based on a model that not only informs about conditions, but also on its impact
					on the peoples' lives<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>. The DASI
					provides this information, specifying which activities are limited by disease
					and the impact on patient's life. In this study DASI presented appropriated
					characteristics to be considered a good tool in rehabilitation area<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>. </p>
        <p>This study has several limitations. First, we did not use an individualized ramp
					treadmill protocol or directly measured the oxygen uptake. Second, although the
					questionnaire was applied as an interview, the lower educational level of the
					subjects could have increased the interpretation difficulties inherent to this
					kind of tool. Probably these limitations might have contributed to the smaller
					correlation (0.51) with maximal capacity compared to the original study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> (0.81). Finally, we have to consider that
					some questions are related to unspecific activities that could have variations
					in terms of MET (for example the item 10 - "have sexual relations?"). Future
					studies are necessary to clarify these points.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>The present Portuguese version of DASI is adapted for Brazilian culture and
					appears to be a valid, reliable, quick and easy instrument to assess the
					functional ability of individuals with CVD.</p>
        <p>This DASI Brazilian version can be used in clinical practice and also in research
					area to compare Brazilian studies with those from other countries using the same
					tool.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was funded by CNPq, FAPEMIG e CAPES.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Dias RC, Britto
						RR; Acquisition of data: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Fernandes AA, Ara&#250;jo CG;
						Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript:
						Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Dias RC, Fernandes AA, Pereira DG, Britto RR;
						Statistical analysis: Coutinho-Myrrha MA, Pereira DG, Britto RR; Obtaining
						funding: Britto RR; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual
						content: Dias RC, Ara&#250;jo CG, Hlatky MA, Pereira DG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p><bold>Study Association</bold> This article is part of the thesis of
						Doctoral submitted by Mariana A. Coutinho-Myrrha from Universidade Federal
						de Minas Gerais.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>Research partially funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e
					Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), Process 302913/2008-4 and 307597/2001-3 and Funda&#231;&#227;o de
					Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Process PPM00478-11.
					Mariana A. C. Myrrha received master scholarship from Coordena&#231;&#227;o de
					Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (CAPES)</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
