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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">zCdpjCmNGVSQWFt4xHrc69x</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000400007</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00007</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014005000011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140032</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Constru&#231;&#227;o e Valida&#231;&#227;o do Question&#225;rio de Conhecimentos
					para Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bonin</surname>
            <given-names>Christiani Decker Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rafaella Zulianello dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghisi</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Lima de Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Ariany Marques</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amboni</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado de Santa
					Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
					(UDESC) Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Toronto</institution>
        <country>Canad&#225;</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Toronto, Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold> Rafaella Zulianello dos Santos. Avenida Engenheiro
					Max de Souza, 890, apto. 303, Coqueiros. CEP 88080-000, Florian&#243;polis, SC -
					Brasil. E-mail: <email>rszhb10@yahoo.com.br</email>,
						<email>rafaella.zulianello@gmail.com</email>.</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>364</fpage>
      <lpage>373</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p> A aus&#234;ncia de instrumentos capazes de mensurar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento de
						pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sobre sua pr&#243;pria s&#237;ndrome,
						participantes de programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o, demonstra a car&#234;ncia de
						recomenda&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas a respeito da quantidade ou do conte&#250;do de
						informa&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p> Construir e validar um question&#225;rio para avaliar o conhecimento sobre sua
						condi&#231;&#227;o de pacientes portadores de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca participantes de
						programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p> O instrumento foi constru&#237;do com base no question&#225;rio de conhecimento para
						doen&#231;a coronariana e aplicado em 96 pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca,
						com m&#233;dia de idade de 60,22 &#177; 11,6 anos, 64% homens. A reprodutibilidade foi
						obtida por meio do coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse, utilizando-se as
						situa&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo de teste-reteste. A consist&#234;ncia interna foi obtida pelo
						alfa de Cronbach e a validade do construto, pela an&#225;lise fatorial
						explorat&#243;ria. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p> A vers&#227;o final do instrumento apresentou 19 quest&#245;es dispostas em dez &#225;reas
						de import&#226;ncia para a educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente. O instrumento proposto
						apresentou um &#237;ndice de clareza de 8,94 &#177; 0,83. O valor do coeficiente de
						correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse foi de 0,856 e do alfa de Cronbach, 0,749. A an&#225;lise
						fatorial revelou cinco fatores associados &#224;s &#225;reas de conhecimento. Quando
						os escores finais foram comparados com as caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o,
						verificou-se que baixa escolaridade e baixa renda est&#227;o significativamente
						associadas a baixos escores de conhecimento. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p> O instrumento possui &#237;ndice de clareza satisfat&#243;rio e de validade adequado,
						podendo ser utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes com
						insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca participantes de programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o
						card&#237;aca.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca / reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos de valida&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Question&#225;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="35"/>
        <page-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (IC) vem se tornando um problema crescente em sa&#250;de p&#250;blica;
				estima-se que, no mundo, aproximadamente 23 milh&#245;es de pessoas s&#227;o portadoras de IC
				e 2 milh&#245;es de novos casos s&#227;o diagnosticados a cada ano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. A IC &#233; ainda uma das principais causas de
				interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares em todo o mundo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, resultando em grande impacto econ&#244;mico,
				mortalidade e qualidade de vida<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
      <p>Desse modo, tem-se observado a tend&#234;ncia de buscar alternativas que possam reduzir as
				taxas de mortalidade e morbidade da IC. Dentre elas, destaca-se a necessidade do
				paciente ter um maior acesso ao conhecimento e compreender mais sobre os
				procedimentos efetuados e sobre sua pr&#243;pria s&#237;ndrome, contribuindo diretamente ao
				tratamento de sua enfermidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>.</p>
      <p>Segundo a Diretriz de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca (RC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, os programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o desenvolvidos com o prop&#243;sito de
				trazer os pacientes de volta &#224;s suas atividades di&#225;rias habituais e laborais. Para
				tanto, h&#225; &#234;nfase na pr&#225;tica do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, acompanhado de a&#231;&#245;es educacionais
				voltadas a mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
      <p>Acredita-se que a falta de conhecimento dos pacientes contribui para piora da
				qualidade de vida, isolamento social, aumento das comorbidades, falta de
				autocuidado, desconhecimento de sinais e sintomas, e falta de ades&#227;o ao
					tratamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. Tais fatores s&#227;o inerentes aos crescentes
				gastos com sa&#250;de, visto que o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre sua condi&#231;&#227;o &#233;
				determinante para a ader&#234;ncia e o sucesso de seu tratamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
      <p>Instrumentos de avalia&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o recursos utilizados em programas educativos na &#225;rea da
				sa&#250;de, pois possibilitam mensura&#231;&#245;es dos efeitos do processo de ensino e
				aprendizagem, al&#233;m de poss&#237;veis mudan&#231;as de atitudes sobre a doen&#231;a em quest&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>. Entretanto, n&#227;o s&#227;o descritos na
				literatura instrumentos validados capazes de determinar o n&#237;vel de conhecimento de
				pacientes com IC participantes de programas de RC. Isso porque as necessidades
				educacionais dos pacientes com IC, especificamente aqueles que frequentam programas
				de RC, s&#227;o diferentes das dos pacientes card&#237;acos em geral, justificando, assim, a
				necessidade de um instrumento espec&#237;fico para avaliar seu conhecimento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>.</p>
      <p>Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi construir e validar o instrumento para
				avaliar o conhecimento sobre sua pr&#243;pria s&#237;ndrome em pacientes com IC participantes
				de programas de RC.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Amostra</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do qual fizeram parte tr&#234;s amostras
					intencionais e n&#227;o probabil&#237;sticas distintas, no per&#237;odo de fevereiro de 2012 a
					mar&#231;o de 2013.</p>
        <p>Primeiramente, foram selecionados profissionais da sa&#250;de com experi&#234;ncia em RC,
					tamb&#233;m chamados de especialistas, que participaram do processo de valida&#231;&#227;o de
					conte&#250;do e avalia&#231;&#227;o de clareza (Grupo I). Na segunda amostra (Grupo II), foram
					selecionados pacientes portadores de IC (classes I a III) que participaram das
					etapas de validade de clareza e reprodutibilidade do instrumento. A terceira
					amostra (Grupo III) foi composta por pacientes com IC (classes I a III), que
					participaram das etapas de validade de construto e consist&#234;ncia interna. </p>
        <p>Os pacientes dos grupos II e III atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o propostos:
					ter diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de IC; 18 anos ou mais; e ser participante de um
					programa de RC por um per&#237;odo superior a 1 m&#234;s. Foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo
					pacientes com altera&#231;&#245;es cognitivas que dificultassem o preenchimento do
					question&#225;rio e analfabetismo. Os locais previamente selecionados foram: Cl&#237;nica
					de Cardiologia e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiopulmonar e Metab&#243;lica - Cardiosport, N&#250;cleo
					de Cardiologia e Medicina do Esporte da Cl&#237;nica Escola de
					Fisioterapia/Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (CEFID/UDESC) e Instituto
					de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina (ICSC), do Hospital Regional de S&#227;o Jos&#233;, em
					Santa Catarina (SC).</p>
        <p>Todos os pacientes aceitaram participar da pesquisa por meio da assinatura do
					Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido, de acordo com a Resolu&#231;&#227;o no 196/96 do
					Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica em
					pesquisa em seres humanos da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC),
					sob o protocolo n&#250;mero 63.405/12.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Constru&#231;&#227;o do instrumento</title>
        <p>O processo de constru&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio de conhecimento para paciente com IC
					contemplou tr&#234;s etapas, com tr&#234;s diferentes procedimentos: te&#243;rico, emp&#237;rico e
						anal&#237;tico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. O procedimento te&#243;rico referiu-se &#224;
					fundamenta&#231;&#227;o te&#243;rica e &#224; adapta&#231;&#227;o do construto a ser elaborado. O procedimento
					emp&#237;rico compreendeu as t&#233;cnicas de aplica&#231;&#227;o do instrumento piloto e a coleta
					de informa&#231;&#245;es utilizadas na avalia&#231;&#227;o das propriedades do instrumento. O
					procedimento anal&#237;tico compreendeu as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas dos dados, visando &#224;
					valida&#231;&#227;o do instrumento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do e clareza</title>
        <p>Para a valida&#231;&#227;o do conte&#250;do e clareza, solicitou-se aos profissionais da &#225;rea
					proverem dois tipos de an&#225;lise: sem&#226;ntica, com o objetivo de verificar se todos
					os itens eram compat&#237;veis para a popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo (pacientes com IC) e de
					conte&#250;do, cujo objetivo foi verificar a adequa&#231;&#227;o da apresenta&#231;&#227;o dos
						atributos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. O crit&#233;rio para avaliar o conte&#250;do e
					o &#237;ndice de clareza foi o n&#237;vel intervalar: para cada quest&#227;o testada,
					organizou-se uma escala com valores em um intervalo de 1 a 10, sendo que, de 1 a
					4, a quest&#227;o era considerada confusa; de 5 a 7, pouco clara; e, de 8 a 10,
						clara<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. Abaixo de cada componente havia um
					espa&#231;o para sugest&#245;es pertinentes a an&#225;lise de conte&#250;do e de sem&#226;ntica dos itens
					propostos. O &#237;ndice de clareza foi obtido por meio da m&#233;dia aritm&#233;tica dos
					somat&#243;rios das notas atribu&#237;das pelos profissionais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
        <p>Os enunciados com &#237;ndice de clareza inferior a 8,0 foram reelaborados, sendo
					substitu&#237;dos por outros termos, com o mesmo conceito, para que a estrutura e a
					propriedade do instrumento n&#227;o fossem alteradas de modo significativo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. Essa vers&#227;o foi reapresentada aos
					mesmos profissionais para gerar a segunda vers&#227;o do question&#225;rio.</p>
        <p>A segunda vers&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi submetida &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da clareza por dez
					pacientes com IC, por meio de um estudo piloto, que procedeu de forma similar a
					etapa dos profissionais da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de. Essa fase objetivou avaliar o
					entendimento dos itens propostos. Quest&#245;es com nota igual ou inferior a 8,0
					foram reformuladas, gerando a vers&#227;o final do question&#225;rio, submetida ao
					processo de valida&#231;&#227;o de construto e reprodutibildade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Reprodutibilidade</title>
        <p>A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correla&#231;&#227;o Intraclasse
					(CCI), utilizando o m&#233;todo de teste reteste. Nesta fase, os dez pacientes que
					participaram da etapa da avalia&#231;&#227;o da clareza responderam ao question&#225;rio em
					duas ocasi&#245;es distintas, com o intervalo de 14 dias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>. Para a an&#225;lise do CCI, utilizaram-se os escores totais
					gerados pelo instrumento, tomando por base valor superior a 0,8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o de construto</title>
        <p>Foi realizada por meio de an&#225;lise fatorial explorat&#243;ria, com an&#225;lise dos
					componentes principais e rota&#231;&#227;o ortogonal, por meio do m&#233;todo Varimax.
					Inicialmente verificou se adequa&#231;&#227;o dos dados a essa an&#225;lise pelos testes de
					Keiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) e o de esfericidade de Bartlett <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
        <p>O m&#233;todo de componentes principais foi utilizado para extra&#231;&#227;o dos fatores,
					considerando apenas aqueles com autovalores superiores a 1,0 e fatores com carga
					superior a 0,3. Selecionados os valores, foi gerada uma matriz fatorial, na qual
					foram observadas as rela&#231;&#245;es entre os itens e os fatores por meio das cargas
						fatoriais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Consist&#234;ncia interna</title>
        <p>A consist&#234;ncia interna foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach em todos os sujeitos do
					estudo, tomando por base o valor m&#237;nimo de 0,6<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise descritiva</title>
        <p>Foi utilizada para a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da amostra, que contemplou os seguintes
					itens: sexo; profiss&#227;o; idade; tempo de diagn&#243;stico; tempo de participa&#231;&#227;o no
					programa de RC; diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico; tipo de RC (p&#250;blica ou privada) e n&#237;vel
					socioecon&#244;mico (determinado pela renda familiar e grau de escolaridade)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Utilizaram-se recursos de estat&#237;stica
					descritiva - frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas, m&#233;dia, mediana e Desvio Padr&#227;o
					(DP).</p>
        <p>Foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov Smirnov para as vari&#225;veis
					idade e escore do instrumento, sendo que estas n&#227;o seguiram os crit&#233;rios
					necess&#225;rios. Para comparar os escores de conhecimento entre pacientes do setor
					p&#250;blico e privado, foi utilizado o teste U de Mann Whitney<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Para verificar a exist&#234;ncia de rela&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel de
					conhecimento sobre a s&#237;ndrome e demais vari&#225;veis (escolaridade, n&#237;vel
					socioecon&#244;mico e tempo de perman&#234;ncia no programa), foi utilizado o teste de
					correla&#231;&#227;o de Spearman. Para todas as an&#225;lises, considerou-se um n&#237;vel de
					signific&#226;ncia &lt; 0,05<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Participantes</title>
        <p>O grupo I foi composto por 18 profissionais da &#225;rea de RC - dez m&#233;dicos, quatro
					fisioterapeutas, dois enfermeiros, um educador f&#237;sico e um nutricionista. O
					grupo II foi constitu&#237;do por dez pacientes com IC, sexo masculino e com m&#233;dia de
					idade de 73 &#177; 9 anos. O grupo III foi composto por 96 pacientes, sendo 62 homens
					e com m&#233;dia de idade de 60,22 &#177; 11,6 anos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Constru&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio</title>
        <p>A constru&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio foi realizada inicialmente por uma extensa revis&#227;o
					da literatura a partir de consulta &#224;s publica&#231;&#245;es relevantes acerca do tema nos
					&#250;ltimos 10 anos e baseada no Question&#225;rio para Educa&#231;&#227;o do Paciente Coronariano
						(CADE-Q)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
        <p>A literatura espec&#237;fica da &#225;rea de IC abrangeu especialmente as seguintes
					refer&#234;ncias: Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>, III Diretriz Brasileira de
					Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>, Diretriz
					da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, Normatiza&#231;&#227;o
					dos Equipamentos e T&#233;cnicas da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular Supervisionada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27 </xref>e Diretriz de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o
					Cardiopulmonar e Metab&#243;lica: Aspectos Pr&#225;ticos e Responsabilidades<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
        <p>Foram constru&#237;dos 19 itens, cada qual dividido em dez &#225;reas de import&#226;ncia para a
					educa&#231;&#227;o do paciente. Os itens foram divididos de acordo com o conte&#250;do proposto
					em fisiopatologia da s&#237;ndrome, conceito da s&#237;ndrome, fatores de risco, sinais e
					sintomas, h&#225;bitos de vida, diagn&#243;stico, medicamentos, tratamento, autocuidado e
					exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico. Cada quest&#227;o apresentava quatro alternativas de m&#250;ltipla
					escolha, sendo uma resposta correta; uma incompleta; uma errada e uma n&#227;o
					sei.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o do conte&#250;do</title>
        <p>O question&#225;rio foi apresentado individualmente para cada profissional com
					experi&#234;ncia em RC e os resultados da avalia&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t01">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Valida&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do realizada pelos especialistas</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Quest&#245;es</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Clara (10-9-8) n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Pouco clara (7-6-5) n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th>
                  <bold>Confusa (4-3-2-1) n (%)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td align="center">12 (66,66)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (33,33)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4</td>
                <td align="center">14 (77,77)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>5</td>
                <td align="center">14 (77,77)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6</td>
                <td align="center">10 (55,55)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (44,44)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7</td>
                <td align="center">17 (94,44)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8</td>
                <td align="center">11 (61,11)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (33,33)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9</td>
                <td align="center">17 (94,44)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>11</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,11)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12</td>
                <td align="center">16 (88,88)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,11)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>13</td>
                <td align="center">16 (88,88)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>14</td>
                <td align="center">17 (94,44)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>15</td>
                <td align="center">10 (55,55)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (33,33)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,11)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>16</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>17</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>18</td>
                <td align="center">15 (83,33)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (16,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>19</td>
                <td align="center">13 (72,22)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,11)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (11,11)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Verificou-se que 66,66% dos especialistas consideraram claras as regras de
					constru&#231;&#227;o referente &#224; fonte dos itens, &#224;s regras de constru&#231;&#227;o e &#224; an&#225;lise
					te&#243;rica dos itens, conte&#250;do e sem&#226;ntica. Entretanto, a maioria dos itens
					avaliados apresentou coment&#225;rios no contexto sem&#226;ntico. Cada item foi amplamente
					discutido entre os autores, sendo realizadas as altera&#231;&#245;es sugeridas pelos
					especialistas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da clareza</title>
        <p>Os valores da avalia&#231;&#227;o da clareza foram obtidos concomitantes &#224; valida&#231;&#227;o do
					conte&#250;do pelos especialistas, que, ao assinalarem entre as op&#231;&#245;es clara, pouco
					clara ou confusa, apontaram, simultaneamente, as notas que julgassem
					correspondentes &#224;s express&#245;es previamente assinaladas. A m&#233;dia das notas de
					clareza foi de 8,91 &#177; 0,63. </p>
        <p>Para a finaliza&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio, este foi reapresentado aos mesmos
					profissionais, com as sugest&#245;es acatadas, afim de gerar a segunda vers&#227;o, que
					obteve 80% de concord&#226;ncia dos itens avaliados. A m&#233;dia das notas de clareza foi
					de 8,83 &#177; 0,43.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Estudo piloto</title>
        <p>Os dez pacientes selecionados preencheram o question&#225;rio assinalando a quest&#227;o
					que julgassem a mais correta de quatro poss&#237;veis respostas e, logo abaixo,
					indicaram a op&#231;&#227;o e a nota que melhor classificava o conjunto de pergunta e
					resposta, no contexto de entendimento e clareza do item proposto, e, assim, foi
					gerado o &#237;ndice de clareza do instrumento. O instrumento apresentou um &#237;ndice de
					clareza de 8,94 &#177; 0,83 e tempo m&#233;dio de preenchimento de 15,3 &#177; 1,6 minutos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da confiabilidade</title>
        <p>Os dez pacientes que participaram do estudo piloto responderam o question&#225;rio em
					duas etapas distintas para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da confiabilidade. Nas duas etapas
					marcaram apenas uma alternativa em cada quest&#227;o - aquela que consideraram a mais
					correta. Os escores estabelecidos para as alternativas foram: correta = 3;
					incompleta = 1; errada = 0; n&#227;o sei = 0<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. A pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima foi estabelecida
					de acordo com o n&#250;mero final de quest&#245;es respondidas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. O CCI demonstrou um resultado de
					0,856, obtido por meio dos escores finais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. </p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 2</xref> representa a classifica&#231;&#227;o do
					n&#237;vel de conhecimento baseada em outros estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t02">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de conhecimento do paciente segundo
							escores</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Soma dos escores (pontos)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>51 - 57</td>
                <td align="center">90 - 100</td>
                <td align="center">&#211;timo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>40 - 50</td>
                <td align="center">70 - 89</td>
                <td align="center">Bom</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>29 - 39</td>
                <td align="center">50 - 69</td>
                <td align="center">Aceit&#225;vel</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>17 - 28</td>
                <td align="center">30 - 49</td>
                <td align="center">Pouco conhecimento</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 17</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 30</td>
                <td align="center">Conhecimento insuficiente</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise descritiva</title>
        <p>Foi composta por 96 pacientes, com m&#233;dia de idade de 60,22 &#177; 11,6 anos, todos
					portadores de IC, com tempo m&#233;dio de diagn&#243;stico de 6,77 &#177; 5,99 anos. A
					caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da amostra est&#225; disposta na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Tabela 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Categoria</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>n (%)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo</td>
                <td align="center">Masculino Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">62 (64,6) 34 (35,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="7">Comorbidades</td>
                <td align="center">Obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">9(9,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">49 (51,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">DAC</td>
                <td align="center">66 (68,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">DPOC DAOP</td>
                <td align="center">3(3,1) 11 (11,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">HAS</td>
                <td align="center">58 (60,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">DM</td>
                <td align="center">22 (25)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">AVC</td>
                <td align="center">5(5,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Procedimentos cardiol&#243;gicos</td>
                <td align="center">Angioplastia Cirurgia card&#237;aca</td>
                <td align="center">40 (41,7) 25 (26)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tipo de reabilita&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">Privado P&#250;blico</td>
                <td align="center">35 (36,5) 61 (63,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="5">Renda familiar (sal&#225;rio)</td>
                <td align="center">At&#233; 1</td>
                <td align="center">6(6,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">De 1 a 5</td>
                <td align="center">48 (50)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">De 5 a 10</td>
                <td align="center">15 (15,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">De 10 a 20</td>
                <td align="center">18 (18,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Acima de 20</td>
                <td align="center">9(9,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="7">Grau de escolaridade</td>
                <td align="center">Nunca esteve na escola</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Fundamental incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">13 (13,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Fundamental completo</td>
                <td align="center">13 (13,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dio incompleto M&#233;dio completo</td>
                <td align="center">9(9,4) 28 (29,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Superior incompleto</td>
                <td align="center">2(2,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Superior completo</td>
                <td align="center">22 (22,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">8(8,3)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva
								cr&#244;nica; DAOP: doen&#231;a arterial obstrutiva perif&#233;rica; HAS:
								hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DM: Diabetes mellitus; AVC: acidente
								vascular cerebral.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O instrumento revelou um escore total m&#233;dio de 45,52 &#177; 8,39, com mediana de 47.
					Na classifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes, observou-se preval&#234;ncia do tipo "bom
					conhecimento", com 44,8%. Quando comparados os escores de conhecimento entre os
					pacientes dos programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o p&#250;blico e privado, observou-se uma
					diferen&#231;a significativa entre os dois grupos (p &lt; 0,001), de modo que os
					pacientes do programa privado apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre a
					s&#237;ndrome.</p>
        <p>Foram encontradas correla&#231;&#245;es positivas moderadas entre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento e
					as vari&#225;veis sociodemogr&#225;ficas escolaridade (rho = 0,603; p &lt; 0,001) e renda
					familiar (rho = 506; p &lt; 0,001); enquanto isso, a idade (rho = 0,225; p =
					0,027) apresentou correla&#231;&#227;o positiva fraca com o n&#237;vel de conhecimento. N&#227;o foi
					verificada correla&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento com o tempo de perman&#234;ncia
					no programa de RC (p = 0,224) e com o sexo (p = 0,083).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Validade de construto do instrumento</title>
        <p>Para analisar a validade de construto, foi realizada a an&#225;lise fatorial
					explorat&#243;ria dos dados, apresentada na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Tabela
						4</xref>. Esse m&#233;todo foi escolhido porque os fatores do question&#225;rio s&#227;o
					relativamente independentes.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t04">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Estrutura fatorial do instrumento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead>
              <tr align="center">
                <th rowspan="2" align="left">
                  <bold>Item</bold>
                </th>
                <th>&#160;</th>
                <th colspan="5">
                  <bold>Fatores</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>&#193;rea</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>1</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>2</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>3</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>4</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>5</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>11</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico</td>
                <td align="center">0,712</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>19</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Medicamento</td>
                <td align="center">0,656</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>6</td>
                <td align="center">Conceito - Sinais e sintomas</td>
                <td align="center">0,656</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>10</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Fatores de risco - H&#225;bitos de
									vida</td>
                <td align="center">0,547</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Diagn&#243;stico</td>
                <td align="center">0,530</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>8</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Autocuidado - H&#225;bitos de vida</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,720</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>13</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,712</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3</td>
                <td align="center">Sinais e sintomas - Autocuidado</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,653</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>14</td>
                <td align="center">Fisiopatologia</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,752</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>15</td>
                <td align="center">Autocuidado</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,596</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>16</td>
                <td align="center">Exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico - Tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,511</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>12</td>
                <td align="center">Exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico - Tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,416</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td align="center">Conceito - Fisiopatologia</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,404</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>5</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,715</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>17</td>
                <td align="center">Tratamento - Medicamento - Autocuidado</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,643</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>9</td>
                <td align="center">Autocuidado - H&#225;bitos de vida - Fatores de
									risco</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,607</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2</td>
                <td align="center">Conceito - Fatores de risco</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,492</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>4</td>
                <td align="center">Autocuidado - Sinais e sintomas - Fatores de
									risco</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,479</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>18</td>
                <td align="center">Autocuidado</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                <td align="center">0,441</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O teste de KMO, bem como o de esfericidade de Bartlett indicaram que os dados s&#227;o
					apropriados para an&#225;lise fatorial (KMO = 0,634 e Bartlett apresentou p &lt;
						0,001)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Observou se a exist&#234;ncia de
					cinco fatores, que, juntos, responderam por 50,6% da vari&#226;ncia total dos itens,
					cujos autovalores foram maiores que 1,2.</p>
        <p>Na tentativa de alterar o n&#250;mero dos fatores, observou-se que a vari&#226;ncia total
					dos itens expressaria valores inferiores a 50%, ou fatores com cargas inferiores
					a 0,3 e/ou itens com autovalores &lt; 1, considerados valores n&#227;o recomendados
					em processos de valida&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. </p>
        <p>O primeiro fator, denominado "Fator Geral", abrangeu cinco itens, envolvendo as
					seguintes &#225;reas do conhecimento: exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, tratamento, medicamentos,
					conceito, sinais e sintomas, diagn&#243;stico, h&#225;bitos de vida e fatores de risco,
					sendo respons&#225;vel por 20,4% da vari&#226;ncia total, enquanto os demais fatores
					obtiveram menor contribui&#231;&#227;o nessa vari&#226;ncia. </p>
        <p>O fator de n&#250;mero dois abrangeu tr&#234;s itens, envolvendo como &#225;reas de
					conhecimento: tratamento, autocuidado, h&#225;bitos de vida e sinais e sintomas,
					sendo denominado "Fator Tratamento". O terceiro fator agrupou cinco itens,
					englobando o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, tratamento, autocuidado e a fisiopatologia, sendo
					denominado "Fator Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico". O quarto fator com dois itens abrangeu as
					seguintes &#225;reas de conhecimento: medicamentos, tratamento e autocuidado, e
					denominou-se "Fator Medicamento". O quinto fator envolveu as seguintes &#225;reas;
					medicamentos, tratamento, autocuidado, h&#225;bitos de vida, conceito e fatores de
					risco e foi chamado de "Fator Diverso".</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Consist&#234;ncia Interna do Instrumento</title>
        <p>O instrumento na totalidade apresentou um boa consist&#234;ncia interna, com o alfa de
					Cronbach = 0,749<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O primeiro passo no desenvolvimento de a&#231;&#245;es educacionais &#233; identificar as
				necessidades de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o que realmente o paciente sabe sobre sua
				s&#237;ndrome. A constru&#231;&#227;o e a valida&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos que mensuram a quantidade e o
				conte&#250;do de informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o essenciais na tentativa de aprimorar o conhecimento de
				pacientes com IC participantes de programas de RC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>.</p>
      <p>O &#237;ndice de clareza gerado pelos profissionais e pacientes determinou que o
				instrumento proposto &#233; de f&#225;cil compreens&#227;o para a popula&#231;&#227;o que se deseja
					avaliar<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. Ainda na avalia&#231;&#227;o da clareza, o
				instrumento cumpriu os pr&#233;-requisitos m&#237;nimos para estrutura&#231;&#227;o, seguindo os
				princ&#237;pios de clareza, simplicidade, relev&#226;ncia, credibilidade e equil&#237;brio, por
				meio de itens intelig&#237;veis, consistentes e de express&#245;es condizentes ao atributo,
				expressando uma &#250;nica ideia ao proposto instrumento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>.</p>
      <p>Os dados referentes &#224; consist&#234;ncia interna e a confiabilidade determinaram a
				homogeneidade e a estabilidade do question&#225;rio, demonstrando que m&#250;ltiplas
				aplica&#231;&#245;es poder&#227;o gerar resultados similares e precisos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>. Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao tamanho da amostra,
				atenderam-se aos pr&#233;-requisitos b&#225;sicos descritos da literatura, que preconizam um
				n&#250;mero de cinco a dez sujeitos por item proposto em processos de constru&#231;&#227;o e
				valida&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>.</p>
      <p>A an&#225;lise fatorial explorat&#243;ria exibiu cinco fatores, visto que os fatores foram
				agrupados em termos de estabilidade, interpreta&#231;&#227;o das &#225;reas e princ&#237;pios b&#225;sicos
				das regras de constru&#231;&#227;o, a fim de elaborar construto confi&#225;vel e consistente. Os
				cinco fatores abrangeram uma quantidade diversificada de itens em cada dom&#237;nio,
				entretanto correlacionadas entre si, o que pode ser explicado pela IC ser
				caracterizada por uma s&#237;ndrome complexa de car&#225;ter sist&#234;mico e multifatorial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. </p>
      <p>Comparando &#224; an&#225;lise fatorial relatada no CADE-Q<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, o question&#225;rio de conhecimento para IC apresentou conformidade com a
				disposi&#231;&#227;o dos fatores e itens, sendo que, em cada um dos cinco fatores,
				predominaram itens com similaridade com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s &#225;reas do conhecimento. A
				semelhan&#231;a do presente instrumento com os demais citados na literatura decorre
				especificamente das &#225;reas do conhecimento de import&#226;ncia e dos itens sugeridos,
				demonstrando tamb&#233;m a aus&#234;ncia de instrumentos voltados &#224; programas de RC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>.</p>
      <p>O instrumento proposto tamb&#233;m avaliou o n&#237;vel de conhecimento dos pacientes
				avaliados, que foi comparado com as caracter&#237;sticas socioecon&#244;micas. Quanto maiores
				a renda familiar e a escolaridade, maior o escore atingido pelos pacientes do
				estudo, indicando que o conhecimento &#233; mediado pela educa&#231;&#227;o, n&#237;vel cultural, n&#237;vel
				econ&#244;mico e de linguagem dos sujeitos, dados similares foram verificados em diversos
					estudos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>.</p>
      <p>Ainda que os resultados deste estudo n&#227;o tenham sido significativos com rela&#231;&#227;o a
				tempo de perman&#234;ncia no programa de RC e n&#237;vel de conhecimento, outros estudos t&#234;m
				demonstrado que, quando todos os componentes do n&#250;cleo de um programa assistencial
				voltado a pacientes com IC s&#227;o aplicados de forma sistem&#225;tica e abrangente,
				incluindo a educa&#231;&#227;o, h&#225; um impacto significativo sobre o n&#237;vel de conhecimento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. Destaque para o fato de que o tempo de
				perman&#234;ncia em programas assistenciais interfere diretamente no n&#237;vel de
				conhecimento destes pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>.</p>
      <p>Um programa de RC estruturado engloba o processo educativo do paciente, que deve ser
				provido de informa&#231;&#245;es b&#225;sicas sobre a fisiopatologia de sua doen&#231;a; rela&#231;&#227;o da
				doen&#231;a com exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o dos f&#225;rmacos e reformula&#231;&#227;o dos
				h&#225;bitos de vida, al&#233;m da avalia&#231;&#227;o de necessidades individuais de aprendizagem, que
				refor&#231;am o conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>. Esse fato refor&#231;a a necessidade da
				constru&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos capazes de realizar tal mensura&#231;&#227;o e consequente
				acompanhamento de pacientes com IC em programas de RC.</p>
      <p>Tendo em vista que a compreens&#227;o inadequada de sua s&#237;ndrome e de fatores relacionados
				pode causar altera&#231;&#245;es emocionais, n&#227;o ades&#227;o ao tratamento e progress&#227;o da
				s&#237;ndrome, torna-se fundamental a aplica&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos espec&#237;ficos para a
				mensura&#231;&#227;o de quanto o pacientes sabe sobre sua afec&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>. Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; IC, a otimiza&#231;&#227;o da
				terap&#234;utica e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento diminui o n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es
				relacionadas &#224; s&#237;ndrome, com consequ&#234;ncias diretas na Qualidade de Vida, no
				autocuidado e redu&#231;&#227;o dos custos hospitalares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>O instrumento denominado "Question&#225;rio de conhecimentos da doen&#231;a para pacientes com
				insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca" atendeu &#224;s propriedades psicom&#233;tricas desde sua constru&#231;&#227;o
				at&#233; o processo de valida&#231;&#227;o. Assim, esse instrumento se mostrou cientificamente
				apropriado para avaliar o conhecimento sobre sua pr&#243;pria s&#237;ndrome de pacientes com
				insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca participantes de programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Bonin CDB, Ghisi GLM, Amboni R, Benetti M;
					Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Bonin CDB, Vieira AM, Amboni R; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Bonin
					CDB, Santos RZ, Amboni R; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Bonin CDB, Santos
					RZ, Ghisi GLM, Vieira AM, Benetti M; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Bonin CDB, Santos
					RZ, Vieira AM, Amboni R; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do
					intelectual: Bonin CDB, Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Benetti M.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Christiani Decker Batista Bonin
					pela Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app>
        <title>Question&#225;rio de Conhecimentos da Doen&#231;a para Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia
					Card&#237;aca</title>
        <sec>
          <title>1. A Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (IC) &#233;:</title>
          <p>a) Uma doen&#231;a que acomete pessoas idosas devido ao enfraquecimento do
						cora&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p>b) Um problema card&#237;aco que ocasiona uma diminui&#231;&#227;o da quantidade de sangue
						para os tecidos, podendo causar altera&#231;&#245;es pulmonares e vasculares.</p>
          <p>c) Uma altera&#231;&#227;o das art&#233;rias do cora&#231;&#227;o que se manifesta desde a
						inf&#226;ncia.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>2. Qual grupo de fatores abaixo tem maior influ&#234;ncia no desenvolvimento
						da IC:</title>
          <p>a) Fatores ambientais (clima) e idade (menor de 65 anos).</p>
          <p>b) Altera&#231;&#245;es na dieta: sobrepeso/obesidade.</p>
          <p>c) Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, hipertens&#227;o arterial e doen&#231;a de Chagas.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>3. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos sintomas de uma pessoa que tem IC, marque a alternativa
						correta:</title>
          <p>a) Dor de cabe&#231;a durante o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico.</p>
          <p>b) Palpita&#231;&#245;es durante realiza&#231;&#227;o de um esfor&#231;o.</p>
          <p>c) Desconforto tor&#225;cico, falta de ar e fadiga (cansa&#231;o).</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>4. Ainda sobre a IC: </title>
          <p>a) A ingest&#227;o de s&#243;dio (sal) e h&#237;drica (de l&#237;quidos) em excesso podem agravar
						os sintomas da doen&#231;a e piorar a condi&#231;&#227;o do paciente com IC.</p>
          <p>b) A falta de ar est&#225; associada com a presen&#231;a de l&#237;quido nos pulm&#245;es.</p>
          <p>c) Os sintomas de uma pessoa com IC podem ser prevenidos apenas com mudan&#231;as
						no estilo de vida.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>5. Com rela&#231;&#227;o a pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico acompanhado
						(supervisionado), realizada por pacientes portadores de altera&#231;&#245;es
						card&#237;acas, como a IC, a indica&#231;&#227;o &#233; para: </title>
          <p>a) Medidas da press&#227;o arterial e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca durante a pr&#225;tica do
						exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico.</p>
          <p>b) Medidas da press&#227;o arterial e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, e observa&#231;&#227;o de
						sinais (edema) e sintomas (falta de ar) referentes ao problema card&#237;aco
						durante a pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico.</p>
          <p>c) Nenhuma monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ou medida, pois n&#227;o &#233; indicada a pr&#225;tica de
						exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos para pacientes com IC devido ao alto risco da doen&#231;a.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>6. A classifica&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas da IC &#233; dividida em classes I, II, III e
						IV, e avalia o qu&#234;?</title>
          <p>a) As dificuldades e limita&#231;&#245;es provocadas pela doen&#231;a para as atividades do
						dia a dia realizadas pelo paciente portador de IC.</p>
          <p>b) A Qualidade de Vida do paciente com IC.</p>
          <p>c) A quantidade de medica&#231;&#245;es utilizadas pelo indiv&#237;duo com IC.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>7. Qual alternativa indica os exames mais utilizados no diagn&#243;stico
						(conhecimento) e no progn&#243;stico (evolu&#231;&#227;o) da IC:</title>
          <p>a) Cateterismo e tomografia.</p>
          <p>b) Raio X de t&#243;rax e eletrocardiograma.</p>
          <p>c) Teste de esteira, ecocardiograma e avalia&#231;&#227;o laboratorial.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>8. Qual a orienta&#231;&#227;o nutricional mais indicada para o paciente com
						IC:</title>
          <p>a) Uso de complemento nutricional para os pacientes que consomem poucas
						calorias.</p>
          <p>b) A dieta n&#227;o &#233; fator de piora da doen&#231;a.</p>
          <p>c) Controle do consumo de s&#243;dio (sal).</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>9. Qual dos itens relacionados indica piora do progn&#243;stico (evolu&#231;&#227;o) da
						doen&#231;a:</title>
          <p>a) Baixa capacidade para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos e v&#225;rias
						interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares.</p>
          <p>b) Perda de peso.</p>
          <p>c) Complica&#231;&#245;es gastrintestinais.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>10. O tratamento da IC inclui:</title>
          <p>a) Abandono da atividade profissional.</p>
          <p>b) Dieta nutricional e suporte psicol&#243;gico.</p>
          <p>c) Uso de medicamentos associados &#224; reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o de
						fatores agravantes da doen&#231;a.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>11. A realiza&#231;&#227;o do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico prescrito indicado ao pacientes com
						IC est&#225; relacionado a:</title>
          <p>a) Redu&#231;&#227;o dos riscos para outras doen&#231;as card&#237;acas.</p>
          <p>b) Adapta&#231;&#245;es do organismo favor&#225;veis para a redu&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas da doen&#231;a e
						melhora na Qualidade de Vida.</p>
          <p>c) N&#227;o deve ser realizado pelos pacientes com IC devido ao alto risco de
						morte.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>12. O exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico para portadores de IC deve:</title>
          <p>a) Respeitar as necessidades individuais do paciente que ser&#227;o analisadas
						mediante avalia&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica.</p>
          <p>b) Iniciar ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico com caminhadas.</p>
          <p>c) Ser padronizada para indiv&#237;duos de mesmo sexo, idade e sintomas.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>13. Quais interven&#231;&#245;es usadas no tratamento da IC podem prolongar e
						melhorar a Qualidade de Vida dos pacientes: </title>
          <p>a) Tratamento medicamentoso + repouso prolongado + tratamento cir&#250;rgico.</p>
          <p>b) Tratamento medicamentoso + tratamento cir&#250;rgico em alguns casos.</p>
          <p>c) Tratamento medicamentoso + mudan&#231;a do estilo de vida + tratamento
						cir&#250;rgico em alguns casos</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>14. Assinale uma das consequ&#234;ncias da IC n&#227;o tratada:</title>
          <p>a) Risco de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
          <p>b) Progressivo enfraquecimento do m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco com piora dos sintomas e
						risco de morte.</p>
          <p>c) Aumenta os n&#237;veis de gordura no sangue.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>15. Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao autocuidado da pessoa com IC, &#233; importante:</title>
          <p>a) O conhecimento da doen&#231;a pelo paciente com IC e pelos familiares melhora a
						Qualidade de Vida de pessoas com IC.</p>
          <p>b) A quantidade de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares de pessoas com IC ocorre com
						pacientes mais graves.</p>
          <p>c) A realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico aumenta a depress&#227;o e a ansiedade de
						pessoas com IC.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>16. A recomenda&#231;&#227;o para a pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico para pacientes com
						IC deve incluir:</title>
          <p>a) Exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio (caminhadas) associado ao exerc&#237;cio resistido
						(fortalecimento muscular), al&#233;m de exerc&#237;cios de alongamento.</p>
          <p>b) Exerc&#237;cios de alongamento associados aos exerc&#237;cios de flexibilidade.</p>
          <p>c) Pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios localizados para a redu&#231;&#227;o de peso.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>17. Quais os poss&#237;veis efeitos colaterais que os medicamentos utilizados
						no tratamento da IC podem causar?</title>
          <p>a) Hipotens&#227;o arterial (diminui&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial) e disfun&#231;&#227;o
						sexual.</p>
          <p>b) Tosse e desidrata&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          <p>c) Dermatites (doen&#231;as da pele) e dist&#250;rbios intestinais.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>18. O que a pessoa com IC precisa saber:</title>
          <p>a) Pessoas com IC apresentam depress&#227;o e &#233; indicado o acompanhamento de
						psic&#243;logos.</p>
          <p>b) Que o conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a ajuda as pessoas na identifica&#231;&#227;o dos
						sinais e sintomas da IC.</p>
          <p>c) O acompanhamento e o tratamento de doen&#231;as n&#227;o card&#237;acas (exemplo:
						diabetes) n&#227;o s&#227;o importantes para a sa&#250;de dos pacientes com IC.</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>19. Das alternativas abaixo, quais s&#227;o os medicamentos que podem ser
						utilizados no tratamento da IC:</title>
          <p>a) Diur&#233;ticos (furosemida, lasix e hidroclorotiazida). </p>
          <p>b) Inibidores da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina (IECA), ou seja captopril
						e enalapril; betabloqueadores (carvedilol, propranolol, atenolol, selozok e
						nebivolol); diur&#233;ticos (furosemida, lasix e hidroclorotiazida).</p>
          <p>c) Nitratos (isordil e monocordil).</p>
          <p>d) N&#227;o sei.</p>
        </sec>
      </app>
    </app-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire about
					Heart Failure Patients' Knowledge of Their Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bonin</surname>
            <given-names>Christiani Decker Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rafaella Zulianello dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghisi</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Lima de Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Ariany Marques</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amboni</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benetti</surname>
            <given-names>Magnus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
					(UDESC), Florian&#243;polis, SC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Toronto, Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address:</bold> Rafaella Zulianello dos Santos. Avenida Engenheiro
					Max de Souza, 890, apto. 303, Coqueiros. Postal Code 88080-000, Florian&#243;polis,
					SC - Brazil. E-mail: <email>rszhb10@yahoo.com.br</email> ,
						<email>rafaella.zulianello@gmail.com</email>.</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p> The lack of tools to measure heart failure patients' knowledge about their
						syndrome when participating in rehabilitation programs demonstrates the need
						for specific recommendations regarding the amount or content of information
						required. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p> To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess heart failure patients'
						knowledge about their syndrome when participating in cardiac rehabilitation
						programs. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p> The tool was developed based on the Coronary Artery Disease Education
						Questionnaire and applied to 96 patients with heart failure, with a mean age
						of 60.22 &#177; 11.6 years, 64% being men. Reproducibility was obtained via the
						intraclass correlation coefficient, using the test-retest method. Internal
						consistency was assessed by use of Cronbach's alpha, and construct validity,
						by use of exploratory factor analysis. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p> The final version of the tool had 19 questions arranged in ten areas of
						importance for patient education. The proposed questionnaire had a clarity
						index of 8.94 &#177; 0.83. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.856, and
						Cronbach's alpha, 0.749. Factor analysis revealed five factors associated
						with the knowledge areas. Comparing the final scores with the
						characteristics of the population evidenced that low educational level and
						low income are significantly associated with low levels of knowledge. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion: </title>
          <p>The instrument has satisfactory clarity and validity indices, and can be used
						to assess the heart failure patients' knowledge about their syndrome when
						participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart failure / rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Validation studies</kwd>
        <kwd>Questionnaires</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Heart failure (HF) has become an increasing public health problem. Approximately
					23 million people worldwide are estimated to have HF, and two million new cases
					are diagnosed every year<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. In addition, HF is one of the major
					causes of hospitalization worldwide<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, having a great impact on economy,
					mortality and quality of life<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>.</p>
        <p>Thus, alternatives that can reduce HF mortality and morbidity rates have been
					sought, among which the following stand out: to provide patients with greater
					access to information on HF and on the procedures performed, contributing
					directly to HF treatment<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>.</p>
        <p>According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>, rehabilitation programs are developed to
					direct patients back to their usual daily activities and work. Therefore, the
					practice of physical exercise is emphasized, along with educational actions
					aimed at changes in lifestyle<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
        <p>The patients' lack of knowledge of HF contributes to a worse quality of life,
					social isolation, increased co morbidities, ignorance about signs and symptoms,
					and lack of self-care and of adherence to treatment<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. Such factors are inherent in
					increasing health care costs, because patients' knowledge of their condition
					determines adherence to treatment and, thus, its success<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
        <p>Assessment tools are used in health educational programs, because they enable us
					to measure the effects of the teaching and learning process, and the possible
					changes in the attitude towards HF<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>. However, validated tools capable of
					determining the level of knowledge of patients with HF participating in CR
					programs have not been described. The reason for that lies in the fact that the
					educational needs of patients with HF, specifically those in CR programs, differ
					from those of patients with heart problems in general, thus justifying the
					existence of a specific tool to assess knowledge of HF<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. </p>
        <p>This study was aimed at developing and validating a tool, a questionnaire, to
					assess HF patients' knowledge about their own disease when participating in CR
					programs.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample</title>
          <p>This is a cross-sectional study, comprising three distinct intentional and
						non-probabilistic samples (Groups I, II and III), carried out from February
						2012 to March 2013.</p>
          <p>Group I comprised health professionals experienced in CR, also known as
						specialists (CR professionals), who participated in the content validity and
						clarity evaluation stages of the tool. Group II comprised patients with HF
						(classes I to III) participating in the clarity evaluation and
						reproducibility stages of the tool. Group III comprised patients with HF
						(classes I to III) participating in the construct validity and internal
						consistency stages. </p>
          <p>Group II and III patients met the inclusion criteria proposed: clinical
						diagnosis of HF; age, 18 years and over; and be a participant in a CR
						program for at least one month. Illiterate patients and those with cognitive
						changes that hindered the completion of the questionnaire were excluded from
						this study. The study sites selected were as follows: Cl&#237;nica de Cardiologia
						e Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiopulmonar e Metab&#243;lica - Cardiosport; N&#250;cleo de
						Cardiologia e Medicina do Esporte of the Cl&#237;nica Escola de Fisioterapia/
						Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC); and Instituto de Cardiologia
						de Santa Catarina (ICSC), of the Hospital Regional de S&#227;o Jos&#233;, in the state
						of Santa Catarina.</p>
          <p>All patients provided written informed consent, in accordance with the
						Resolution 196/96 of the Brazilian Council of Health. This study was
						approved by the Committee on Ethics and Research in Human Beings of the
						Santa Catarina State University (protocol 63.405/12).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Developing the tool</title>
          <p>The development of the questionnaire about HF patients' knowledge of their
						disease comprised three steps with three different procedures: theoretical,
						empirical and analytical<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>. The theoretical step related to
						the theoretical grounding and adaptation of the construct to be elaborated.
						The empirical step comprised the application of the pilot questionnaire and
						data collection used in assessing the properties of the tool. The analytical
						step comprised statistical data analyses aimed at tool validation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Content validity and clarity evaluation</title>
          <p>For content validity and clarity evaluation, the CR professionals were asked
						to provide two types of analysis: semantic, aimed at verifying if all items
						were compatible with the study population (patients with HF); and of
						content, aimed at verifying the adequacy of the attribute presentation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. Assessing the content and clarity
						index involved intervals; for each question tested, a scale was organized
						with values ranging from 1 to 10, as follows: from 1 to 4, the question was
						considered 'confused'; from 5 to 7, 'unclear'; and from 8 to 10,
							'clear'<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. Below each component, there was
						room for suggestions regarding the analysis of content and semantics of the
						items proposed. The clarity index was obtained by use of the arithmetic mean
						of the sums of the scores attributed by the CR professionals<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
          <p>Statements with clarity index below 8 were re-elaborated, and replaced by
						others sharing the same concept, so that the structure and property of the
						tool did not significantly change<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. That version was submitted again
						to the same CR professionals to generate the second version of the
						questionnaire.</p>
          <p>Then the second version of the questionnaire was submitted to ten patients
						with HF to assess its clarity, by use of a pilot study, similarly to the
						phase of the CR professionals. The objective was to evaluate the
						understanding of the items proposed. Questions with a score equal to or
						lower than 8 were reformulated, generating the final version of the
						questionnaire, which was submitted to validation of the construct and
							reproducibility<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Reproducibility</title>
          <p>Reproducibility was assessed via Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC),
						using the test-retest method. In this phase, the ten patients participating
						in the clarity evaluation phase answered the questionnaire on two different
						occasions, at a 14 day interval<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.
						The ICC analysis used the total scores generated by the questionnaire, based
						on a value greater than 0.8<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Construct validation</title>
          <p>Exploratory factor analysis was performed with principal component analysis
						and orthogonal rotation, by use of the Varimax method. Initially sampling
						adequacy was assessed by using the Keiser-Meyer Olkin test (KMO) and the
						Bartlett's test of sphericity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
          <p>Principal components analysis was used to extract the factors, considering
						only those with autovalue greater than 1.0 and factor loading over 0.3.
						After selecting the values, a factorial matrix was generated, in which the
						relationships between the items and the factors were observed via factor
							loadings<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Internal consistency</title>
          <p>Internal consistency was assessed by use of Cronbach's alpha in all study
						participants, considering the minimum value of 0.6<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Descriptive analysis</title>
          <p>The following sample characteristics were assessed: sex; profession; age;
						time for diagnosis; CR program duration; clinical diagnosis; CR program type
						(public or private); and socioeconomic level (determined by family income
						and educational level)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Descriptive
						statistics comprised the following: absolute and relative frequencies; mean;
						median; and standard deviation (SD).</p>
          <p>The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was used for the variables age and
						questionnaire score, which did not meet the required criteria. To compare
						the knowledge scores between patients from public and private CR programs,
						the Mann Whitney U test was used<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.
						To assess the existence of a relationship between the level of knowledge of
						HF and the other variables (educational level, socioeconomic level, and CR
						program duration), Spearrman correlation test was used. The significance
						level of &lt; 0.05 was adopted for all analyses<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Participants</title>
          <p>Group I comprised 18 CR professionals as follows: ten physicians; four
						physical therapists; two nurses; one physical educator; and one
						nutritionist. Group II comprised ten male patients with HF, whose mean age
						was 73 &#177; 9 years. Group III comprised 96 patients (62 men), whose mean age
						was 60.22 &#177; 11.6 years.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Developing the questionnaire</title>
          <p>The development of the questionnaire comprised initially a comprehensive
						literature review of the relevant publications on the topic over the past
						ten years, and was based on the Coronary Artery Disease Education
						Questionnaire (CADE-Q)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
          <p>The specific literature about HF comprised the following references: Update
						on the Brazilian Guidelines of Chronic Heart Failure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>; III Brazilian Guidelines of Chronic Heart
							Failure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>; Brazilian Guidelines of
						Cardiac Rehabilitation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>;
						Normalization of Equipment and Techniques of Supervised Cardiovascular
							Rehabilitation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>; and Brazilian
						Guidelines of Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Rehabilitation: Practical
						Aspects and Responsibilities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
          <p>Nineteen items were developed, each one divided into ten areas of importance
						for the patient's education. The items were divided according to the content
						proposed as follows: HF pathophysiology; HF concept; risk factors; signs and
						symptoms; lifestyle; diagnosis; drugs; treatment; self care; and physical
						exercise. Each question was presented with four multiple choice
						alternatives, as follows: only one correct answer; one incomplete answer;
						one wrong answer; and 'I do not know'.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Content validation</title>
          <p>The questionnaire was individually presented to each CR professional and the
						results are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">Table 1</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t05">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Content validation performed by the cardiac rehabilitation
								professionals</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Questions</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th>
                    <bold>Clear (10-9-8) n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th>
                    <bold>Unclear (7-6-5) n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th>
                    <bold>Confused (4-3-2-1) n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (66.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (33.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (77.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (77.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (55.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (44.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (94.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (61.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (33.33)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (94.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (11.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (88.88)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (11.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>13</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (88.88)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>14</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (94.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>15</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (55.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (33.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (11.11)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>16</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.55)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>17</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>18</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (83.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (16.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>19</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (72.22)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (11.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (11.11)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Verificou-se que 66,66% dos especialistas consideraram claras as regras de
						constru&#231;&#227;o referente &#224; fonte dos itens, &#224;s regras de constru&#231;&#227;o e &#224; an&#225;lise
						te&#243;rica dos itens, conte&#250;do e sem&#226;ntica. However, most items assessed
						generated comments regarding semantics. Every item was discussed by the
						authors, and the changes suggested by the CR professionals were
						implemented.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clarity evaluation</title>
          <p>Clarity evaluation was conducted concomitantly with content validation by the
						CR professionals, who, when choosing between the options 'clear', 'unclear'
						and 'confused', indicated simultaneously the grades of the expressions
						previously marked. The mean grade for clarity was 8.91 &#177; 0.63. </p>
          <p>The second version of the questionnaire, with implementation of the
						suggestions, achieved 80% of agreement between the items assessed, being,
						then, resubmitted to the same CR professionals. The mean grade for clarity
						was 8.83 &#177; 0.43. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Pilot study</title>
          <p>In the pilot study, ten Group II patients completed the questionnaire as
						described, and attributed a grade to each set of question/answer regarding
						understanding and clarity, generating the clarity index of the
						questionnaire. The questionnaire achieved a clarity index of 8.94 &#177; 0.83,
						the mean time of questionnaire completion being 15.3 &#177; 1.6 minutes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Reliability assessment</title>
          <p>The ten patients participating in the pilot study answered the questionnaire
						on two distinct occasions, at a 14-day interval, to assess reliability. On
						the two distinct occasions, they checked only one alternative for each
						question, the one they considered correct. The scores established for the
						alternatives were as follows: correct = 3; incomplete = 1; wrong = 0; and 'I
						do not know' = 0<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. The maximum score was established
						according to the final number of questions answered<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. The ICC obtained from the final
						scores was 0.856<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. </p>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">Table 2</xref> shows the classification of
						the level of knowledge based on other studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t06">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Classification of the patient's level of knowledge according to
								the questionnaire scores</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Sum of the scores (points)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Classification of knowledge</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>51 - 57</td>
                  <td align="center">90 - 100</td>
                  <td align="center">Excellent</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>40 - 50</td>
                  <td align="center">70 - 89</td>
                  <td align="center">Good</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>29 - 39</td>
                  <td align="center">50 - 69</td>
                  <td align="center">Acceptable</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>17 - 28</td>
                  <td align="center">30 - 49</td>
                  <td align="center">Little knowledge</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt; 17</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 30</td>
                  <td align="center">Insufficient knowledge</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Descriptive analysis</title>
          <p>The descriptive analysis involved 96 patients with HF (mean age, 60.22 &#177; 11.6
						years), the mean time for diagnosis being 6.77 &#177; 5.99 years. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Table 3</xref> shows the characteristics of
						the sample.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t07">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Characteristics of the patients</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr align="center">
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th>
                    <bold>Category</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th>
                    <bold>n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Sex</td>
                  <td align="center">Male</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (64.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Female</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (35.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="8">Co-morbidities</td>
                  <td align="center">Obesity</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (9.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (51.0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">CAD</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (68.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">CPOD</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (3.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">POAD</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (11.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">SAH</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (60.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">DM</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (25)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">CVA</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (5.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Cardiac procedures</td>
                  <td align="center">Angioplasty</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (41.7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Cardiac surgery</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (26)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Rehabilitation type</td>
                  <td align="center">Private</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (36.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Public</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (63.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="5">Family income (wage)</td>
                  <td align="center">Up to 1</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (6.3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">From 1 to 5</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (50)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">From 5 to 10</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (15.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">From 10 to 20</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (18.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">More than 20</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (9.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="8">Educational level</td>
                  <td align="center">No schooling</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1.0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Incomplete elementary education</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (13.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Complete elementary education</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (13.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Incomplete secondary education</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (9.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Complete secondary education</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (29.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Incomplete higher education</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Complete higher education</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (22.9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Post-graduation</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (8.3)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary
									disease; POAD: peripheral obstructive arterial disease; SAH:
									systemic arterial hypertension; CVA: cerebral vascular accident;
									DM: diabetes mellitus.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The questionnaire had a mean total score of 45.52 &#177; 8.39, and median of 47.
						According to the patients' classification, the 'good level of knowledge'
						prevailed (44.8%). Comparing the patients' levels of knowledge between the
						public and private CR programs, a significant difference between both groups
						was observed (p &lt; 0.001), with a higher level of knowledge of HF among
						the private group.</p>
          <p>Moderate positive correlations were observed between the level of knowledge
						and the sociodemographic variables 'educational level' (rho = 0.603; p &lt;
						0.001) and 'family income' (rho = 506; p &lt; 0.001). Nevertheless, a weak
						positive correlation was observed between age (rho = 0.225; p = 0.027) and
						the level of knowledge. Correlation of the level of knowledge was observed
						with neither CR program duration (p = 0.224) nor sex (p = 0.083).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Construct validity of the questionnaire</title>
          <p>To assess the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was performed
							(<xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Table 4</xref>). That method was
						chosen because the factors of the questionnaire are relatively
						independent.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t08">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Factorial structure of the questionnaire</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr align="center">
                  <td rowspan="2" align="left">
                    <bold>Item</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>&#160;</td>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Factors</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Area</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>2</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>3</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>4</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>11</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Physical exercise</td>
                  <td align="center">0.712</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>19</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Drug</td>
                  <td align="center">0.656</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6</td>
                  <td align="center">Concept - Signs and symptoms</td>
                  <td align="center">0.656</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Risk factors - Lifestyle</td>
                  <td align="center">0.547</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Diagnosis</td>
                  <td align="center">0.530</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Self-care - Lifestyle</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.720</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>13</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.712</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">Signs and symptoms - Self-care</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.653</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>14</td>
                  <td align="center">Pathophysiology</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.752</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>15</td>
                  <td align="center">Self-care</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.596</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>16</td>
                  <td align="center">Physical exercise - Treatment</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.511</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12</td>
                  <td align="center">Physical exercise - Treatment</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.416</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">Concept - Pathophysiology</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.404</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Physical exercise</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.715</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>17</td>
                  <td align="center">Treatment - Drug - Self-care</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.643</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9</td>
                  <td align="center">Self-care - Lifestyle - Risk factors</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.607</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">Concept - Risk factors</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.492</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4</td>
                  <td align="center">Self-care - Signs and symptoms - Risk
										factors</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.479</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>18</td>
                  <td align="center">Self-care</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">&#160;</td>
                  <td align="center">0.441</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The KMO test and the Bartlett's test of sphericity showed that the data were
						adequate for factorial analysis (KMO = 0.634 and Bartlett had a p &lt;
							0.001)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. Five factors accounted
						for 50.6% of the total variance of the items, whose autovalues were greater
						than 1.2.</p>
          <p>Changing the number of factors, the total variance of the items showed values
						lower than 50%, or factor loadings under 0.3 and/or autovalues &lt; 1,
						considered not recommended in validation processes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>. </p>
          <p>Factor number one, called "General Factor", comprised five items, involving
						the following areas of knowledge: physical exercise; treatment; drugs;
						concept; signs and symptoms; diagnosis; lifestyle and risk factors. It
						accounted for 20.4% of the total variance, while the other factors
						contributed less to that variance.</p>
          <p>Factor number two, called "Treatment Factor", comprised three items,
						involving the following areas of knowledge: treatment; self-care; lifestyle;
						and signs and symptoms. Factor number three, called "Physical Exercise
						Factor", comprised five items, involving the following areas of knowledge:
						physical exercise; treatment; self-care and pathophysiology. Factor number
						four, called "Drug Factor", comprised two items, involving the following
						areas of knowledge: drugs; treatment and self-care. Factor number five,
						called "Diverse Factor", involved the following areas of knowledge: drugs;
						treatment; self-care; lifestyle; concept and risk factor.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Internal Consistency of the Questionnaire</title>
          <p>As a whole, the questionnaire had good internal consistency, with Cronbach's
						alpha of 0.749<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The first step in the development of educational actions is to identify the need
					for information on what patients really know about their own disease. The
					development and validation of tools that measure the amount and the content of
					information are essential in the attempt to improve the knowledge of HF patients
					participating in CR programs about their disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>.</p>
        <p>The clarity index generated by the CR professionals and patients determined that
					the questionnaire proposed was easy to understand<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>. In addition, the tool met the minimum
					requirements for structuration, abiding by the principles of clarity,
					simplicity, relevance, reliability and balance, and used intelligible and
					consistent items with pertinent expressions regarding the attribute, expressing
					one single idea<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>.</p>
        <p>Data regarding internal consistency and reliability determined the homogeneity
					and stability of the questionnaire, showing that multiple applications can
					generate similar and accurate results<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>. The sample size met the basic
					requirements described in the literature, which recommend a number of five to
					ten individuals per item proposed in processes of tool development and
						validation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>. </p>
        <p>The exploratory factorial analysis showed five factors, which were grouped
					considering stability and interpretation of the areas and basic principles of
					the development rules to elaborate a reliable and consistent construct. The five
					factors comprised a diversified amount of items in each domain, intercorrelated,
					which can be explained by the fact that HF is a complex syndrome of systemic and
					multifactorial character<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. </p>
        <p>Compared to the factorial analysis reported in CADE-Q<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>, this questionnaire about the HF patients' knowledge of
					their disease showed conformity with the disposition of factors and items, but
					in each of the five factors, similar items in the areas of knowledge
					predominated. The similarity of this questionnaire with those cited in the
					literature is specifically due to the relevant areas of knowledge and to the
					items suggested, also showing the lack of tools directed to CR programs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>.</p>
        <p>Our tool also assessed the HF patients' level of knowledge, which was compared
					with their socioeconomic characteristics. The greater the family income and
					educational level, the higher the score achieved by the patients, indicating
					that knowledge is mediated by the individuals' education, cultural and economic
					levels, and language. Similar data have been observed in several studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>. </p>
        <p>Although in this study the CR program duration and the level of knowledge did not
					result significant, other studies have shown that, when all the components of a
					CR program center, including education, are applied systematically and
					comprehensively, there is a significant impact on the level of knowledge<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>. It is worth noting that the CR
					program duration interferes directly with the patient's level of knowledge<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>.</p>
        <p>A structured CR program comprises the patient's educational process, which should
					provide basic information on the HF pathophysiology of the disease, relationship
					of the disease and physical exercise, mechanisms of action of the drugs and
					lifestyle reformulation, in addition to assessment of the individual learning
					needs, which strengthen the knowledge of the disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>. That highlights the need to develop
					tools capable of performing that measurement and of following HF patients on CR
					programs up.</p>
        <p>Considering that the inadequate understanding of a syndrome and related factors
					can cause emotional changes, non-adherence to treatment, and disease
					progression, the application of specific tools to measure how much patients know
					about their affections is fundamental<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>. Regarding HF, optimization of the
					therapy and adherence to treatment reduce the number of HF-related
					hospitalizations, with direct consequences to quality of life and self-care and
					a reduction in hospital costs<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The tool called "Questionnaire about heart failure patients' knowledge of
					disease" met the psychometric properties from its development to its validation
					process. Thus, that tool proved to be scientifically appropriate to assess the
					HF patients' knowledge of their own disease when participating in CR
					programs.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Christiani Decker
						Batista Bonin from Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Bonin CDB, Ghisi GLM, Amboni R,
						Benetti M; Acquisition of data: Bonin CDB, Vieira AM, Amboni R; Statistical
						analysis: Bonin CDB, Santos RZ, Amboni R; Analysis and interpretation of the
						data: Bonin CDB, Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM, Vieira AM, Benetti M; Writing of the
						manuscript: Bonin CDB, Santos RZ, Vieira AM, Amboni R; Critical revision of
						the manuscript for intellectual content: Bonin CDB, Santos RZ, Ghisi GLM,
						Benetti M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app>
          <title>Questionnaire About Heart Failure Patients' Knowledge of Their
						Disease</title>
          <sec>
            <title>1. Heart failure (HF) is:</title>
            <p>a) A disease that affects the elderly and results from heart
							weakness.</p>
            <p>b) A heart problem that reduces the amount of blood delivered to the
							tissues, and can cause pulmonary and vascular changes.</p>
            <p>c) A change in cardiac arteries that manifests since childhood.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>2. What group of factors influences most the development of
							HF?</title>
            <p>a) Environmental factors (climate) and age (younger than 65 years).</p>
            <p>b) Changes in diet: overweight/obesity.</p>
            <p>c) Coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension and Chagas disease.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>3. Regarding the symptoms of HF, check the correct
							alternative:</title>
            <p>a) Headache during physical exercise.</p>
            <p>b) Palpitations during exertion.</p>
            <p>c) Chest pain, shortage of breath and fatigue (tiredness).</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>4. Still about HF:</title>
            <p>a) Excessive ingestion of sodium (salt) and fluids can worsen the disease
							symptoms and the HF patient condition.</p>
            <p>b) Shortage of breath is associated with the presence of fluid in the
							lungs.</p>
            <p>c) The symptoms of HF can be prevented with only changes in
							lifestyle.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>5. Regarding the supervised practice of physical exercise by patients
							with cardiac changes, such as HF, the following is indicated: </title>
            <p>a) Blood pressure and heart rate measurement during physical exercise
							practice.</p>
            <p>b) Blood pressure and heart rate measurement, and observation of signs
							(edema) and symptoms (shortage of breath) of cardiac problems during
							physical exercise practice.</p>
            <p>c) Neither monitoring nor measurement, because physical exercise practice
							is not recommended for patients with HF due to the high risk of the
							disease.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>6. The symptoms of HF are classified into classes I, II, III and IV,
							whose purpose is to assess:</title>
            <p>a) The difficulties and limitations caused by the disease on daily
							activities of patients with HF.</p>
            <p>b) The quality of life of patients with HF.</p>
            <p>c) The amount of medication used by patients with HF.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>7. Which alternative indicates the most used tests for HF diagnosis
							(knowledge) and prognosis (outcome)?</title>
            <p>a) Catheterization and tomography.</p>
            <p>b) Chest X-ray and electrocardiography.</p>
            <p>c) Treadmill test, echocardiography and biochemical analysis.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>8. The most indicated nutritional guidance for patients with HF
							is:</title>
            <p>a) Use of nutritional supplement for patients who ingest few
							calories.</p>
            <p>b) Diet is not a factor that worsens the disease.</p>
            <p>c) Control of sodium (salt) intake.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>9. Which item indicates worsening of the disease prognosis
							(outcome)?</title>
            <p>a) Low exercise capacity and several hospitalizations.</p>
            <p>b) Weight loss.</p>
            <p>c) Gastrointestinal complications.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>10. The treatment of HF includes:</title>
            <p>a) Stopping working.</p>
            <p>b) Nutritional diet and psychological support.</p>
            <p>c) Use of drugs in association with cardiac rehabilitation and prevention
							of factors that aggravate the disease.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>11. The practice of physical exercise prescribed to patients with HF
							is related to:</title>
            <p>a) A reduction in the risk for other cardiac diseases.</p>
            <p>b) Favorable adaptations of the body to reduce the disease symptoms and
							improve quality of life.</p>
            <p>c) Patients with HF should not practice physical exercises because of the
							high risk of death.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>12. Physical exercise for patients with HF should:</title>
            <p>a) Respect the patient's individual needs that should be analyzed via
							medical assessment.</p>
            <p>b) Consist of walking and begin right after the diagnosis.</p>
            <p>c) Be standardized to individuals of the same sex, age and symptoms.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>13. Which interventions used to treat HF can prolong the patients'
							life and improve its quality?</title>
            <p>a) Drug treatment + prolonged rest + surgical treatment.</p>
            <p>b) Drug treatment + surgical treatment in some cases.</p>
            <p>c) Drug treatment + change in lifestyle + surgical treatment in some
							cases.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>14. One of the consequences of untreated HF is:</title>
            <p>a) Risk of acute myocardial infarction.</p>
            <p>b) Progressive cardiac muscle weakening with aggravation of symptoms and
							risk of death.</p>
            <p>c) Increased serum levels of fat.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>15. Regarding the HF patient's self-care, the following is
							important:</title>
            <p>a) Knowledge of the disease by HF patients and family members improves
							the quality of life of individuals with HF.</p>
            <p>b) Hospitalization of patients with HF is more frequent among those most
							severely ill.</p>
            <p>c) Physical exercise increases depression and anxiety of individuals with
							HF.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>16. The recommendation of physical exercise for patients with HF
							should include:</title>
            <p>a) Aerobic exercise (walking) associated with resistance exercise (muscle
							strengthening), in addition to stretching.</p>
            <p>b) Stretching exercise associated with flexibility exercise.</p>
            <p>c) Localized exercise for weight reduction.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>17. What are the possible side effects of drugs used to treat
							HF?</title>
            <p>a) Arterial hypotension (decrease in blood pressure) and sexual
							dysfunction.</p>
            <p>b) Cough and dehydration.</p>
            <p>c) Dermatitis (skin disease) and intestinal disorders.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>18. What should someone with HF know?</title>
            <p>a) Individuals with HF have depression, and psychological support is
							recommended.</p>
            <p>b) Knowing about the disease helps people to identify HF signs and
							symptoms.</p>
            <p>c) Follow-up and treatment of non-cardiac diseases, such as diabetes, are
							not important to the health of HF patients.</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>19. What drugs can be used in the treatment of HF?</title>
            <p>a) Diuretics (furosemide, lasix and hydrochlorothiazide).</p>
            <p>b) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), such as captopril and
							enalapril; beta-blockers (carvedilol, propranolol, atenolol, selozok and
							nebivolol); diuretics (furosemide, lasix and hydrochlorothiazide).</p>
            <p>c) Nitrates (isordil and monocordil).</p>
            <p>d) I do not know.</p>
          </sec>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
