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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">RtMWX8DsNDsrmttYW6hjDhx</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000300014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140028</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Dextrocardia e n&#227;o Compacta&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Finsterer</surname>
            <given-names>Josef</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>St&#246;llberger</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Viena</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>&#193;ustria</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Viena,
					&#193;ustria</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">2&#176; Departamento M&#233;dico</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Viena</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="original">2&#176; Departamento M&#233;dico, Krankenanstalt
					Rudolfstiftung, Viena, &#193;ustria</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Josef Finsterer</bold>, Postfach 20. Postal Code 1180,
					Vienna, Austria, Europe E-mail: <email>fifigs1@yahoo.de</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>307</fpage>
      <lpage>308</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias / patologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente vascular cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Dextrocardia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Caro Editor,</title>
      <p>Lemos com interesse o artigo de Gon&#231;alves e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> sobre um paciente com dextrocardia e hipertrabecula&#231;&#227;o/n&#227;o compacta&#231;&#227;o
				de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (HTVE)1. Apresentamos a seguir alguns coment&#225;rios.</p>
      <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o de dextrocardia com HTVE foi relatada repetidas vezes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
      <p>O exato mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico da HTVE ainda n&#227;o foi esclarecido. Embora uma
				defici&#234;ncia no processo de compacta&#231;&#227;o possa ter uma participa&#231;&#227;o em tal mecanismo,
				h&#225; pacientes nos quais a HTVE desenvolve-se ao longo da vida (HTVE adquirida).</p>
      <p>Qual foi a causa dos colapsos e da pr&#233;-s&#237;ncope? O paciente foi submetido a
				resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica (RM) cerebral para descartar acidente vascular cerebral
				cardioemb&#243;lico origin&#225;rio dos espa&#231;os intertrabeculares, uma complica&#231;&#227;o relatada
				v&#225;rias vezes em HTVE? Quais os resultados da investiga&#231;&#227;o ultrassonogr&#225;fica da
				car&#243;tida?</p>
      <p>Foi necess&#225;ria a implanta&#231;&#227;o de um cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) devido a
				fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular indut&#237;vel. Durante o seguimento, o CDI alguma vez apresentou
				uma descarga?</p>
      <p>Com frequ&#234;ncia, a HTVE associa-se a dist&#250;rbios neuromusculares (DNMs). O paciente foi
				visto por um neurologista para descartar DNM? Esses dist&#250;rbios, tais como paralisia
				peri&#243;dica ou s&#237;ndrome de Marden-Walker, foram associados com dextrocardia.</p>
      <p>Em geral, a HTVE &#233; familiar. Outros membros da fam&#237;lia foram investigados para HTVE?
				Encontrou-se HTVE em algum parente de primeiro grau? Algum familiar desenvolveu
				sintomas card&#237;acos?</p>
      <p>O paciente recebeu gadol&#237;nio para RM card&#237;aca. Os radiologistas observaram realce
				tardio, que poderia indicar fibrose mioc&#225;rdica? Realce tardio mioc&#225;rdico pode ser
				tipicamente encontrado em pacientes com DNM distr&#243;fico com comprometimento
					mioc&#225;rdico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>O crit&#233;rio para diagn&#243;stico ecocardiogr&#225;fico de HTVE de encontro de pelo menos quatro
				trabecula&#231;&#245;es de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) na ecocardiografia n&#227;o foi apresentado por
				Jenny e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>, mas por St&#246;llberger e
					cols<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>O valor de 24% de acidente vascular cerebral emb&#243;lico a partir de trombos
				intertrabeculares para pacientes com HTVE &#233; alto e n&#227;o foi indicada sua refer&#234;ncia. </p>
      <p>Embora a RM card&#237;aca seja &#250;til para detectar HTVE, ela n&#227;o &#233; diagn&#243;stica nesse caso.
				Por outro lado, a ecocardiografia nem sempre pode detectar HTVE, mais frequentemente
				devido &#224; m&#225; qualidade da imagem, &#224; acentuada dilata&#231;&#227;o de VE, ou ao intenso
				espessamento mioc&#225;rdico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
      <p>Alguns casos espor&#225;dicos de HTVE apresentam muta&#231;&#245;es em genes &#250;nicos, tais como os
				gene SCNA5 ou G4.5, sugerindo que nem s&#243; HTVE familiar se associa com genes
				mutados.</p>
      <p>A HTVE permanece uma condi&#231;&#227;o enigm&#225;tica com v&#225;rias implica&#231;&#245;es pr&#225;ticas para o
				acompanhamento dos pacientes. Na HTVE, &#233; essencial considerar todos os aspectos
				cl&#237;nicos e cient&#237;ficos n&#227;o apenas para melhorar o resultado dos pacientes, mas
				tamb&#233;m para contribuir para o esclarecimento da patog&#234;nese da condi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>N&#227;o h&#225; informa&#231;&#227;o quanto a financiamento nem outros benef&#237;cios de fontes comerciais
				para a realiza&#231;&#227;o deste manuscrito, nem ainda quanto a qualquer outro interesse
				financeiro dos autores, que pudessem criar conflito de interesse quanto ao
				trabalho.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
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              <surname>Souto</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Faro</surname>
              <given-names>FN</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Mendon&#231;a</surname>
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            </name>
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            </name>
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          <volume>36</volume>
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        <mixed-citation>6. Finsterer J, St&#246;llberger C. Apical noncompaction in metabolic
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="r01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Em resposta &#224; carta, concordamos que a miocardiopatia n&#227;o compactada seja doen&#231;a
				enigm&#225;tica, com v&#225;rios aspectos fisiopatol&#243;gicos ainda n&#227;o completamente elucidados
				e que apresenta dificuldades para a sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o mediante as principais
				ferramentas diagn&#243;sticas, a ecocardiografia e a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca.
				Portanto, conforme ressaltado no relato de caso, tem sido postulado que, com
				frequ&#234;ncia, torna-se necess&#225;ria a utiliza&#231;&#227;o das duas metodologias para confirmar ou
				excluir o diagn&#243;stico dessa enfermidade.</p>
      <p>a) O paciente n&#227;o foi submetido &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o neurol&#243;gica e tamb&#233;m n&#227;o realizou
				resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cerebral, uma vez que os breves epis&#243;dios de lipotimia e de
				pr&#233;-s&#237;ncope foram atribu&#237;dos &#224; exist&#234;ncia de bradiarritmias e o paciente ficou
				assintom&#225;tico ap&#243;s o implante de cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel. O duplex scan de
				car&#243;tidas n&#227;o revelou a presen&#231;a de les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas significativas;</p>
      <p>b) Constatou-se a ocorr&#234;ncia de um &#250;nico epis&#243;dio de choque inapropriado, na vig&#234;ncia
				de flutter atrial;</p>
      <p>c) O paciente n&#227;o exibe sintomas relativos a doen&#231;as neuromusculares, todavia, n&#227;o
				foi avaliado por neurologista;</p>
      <p>d) N&#227;o existe relato de que outros membros da fam&#237;lia tenham apresentado
				sintomatologia card&#237;aca, embora, apesar do grande interesse da equipe que assiste o
				paciente, n&#227;o foi realizada investiga&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica sistematizada em todos os
				parentes de primeiro grau;</p>
      <p>e) Conforme relatado no artigo, ap&#243;s a infus&#227;o de gadol&#237;nio n&#227;o se verificou a
				presen&#231;a de realce tardio, indicativo de fibrose;</p>
      <p>f) A ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos, decorrentes de trombos nos &#225;trios e nos
				recessos intertrabeculares em at&#233; 24% de portadores de cardiomiopatia n&#227;o compactada
				foi relatada por Friedman e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">1</xref> e Baskurt
				e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">2</xref>, refer&#234;ncias citadas no relato de
				caso, e tamb&#233;m por Oechslin e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">3</xref>.</p>
      <sig-block>Atenciosamente, <sig><break/>Fernanda Maria Silveira Souto <break/>Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira<break/> Ant&#244;nio
					Carlos Sobral Sousa<break/>
				</sig>
			</sig-block>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ref-list>
        <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
        <ref id="B07">
          <label>1</label>
          <mixed-citation>1. Friedman MA, Wiseman S, Haramati L, Gordon GM, Spevack DM.
						Noncompaction of the left ventricle in a patient with dextroversion. Eur J
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          <label>2</label>
          <mixed-citation>2. Baskurt M, Kalyoncuoglu M, Kucukoglu S. Noncompaction
						cardiomyopathy and dextroversion of the heart. Herz.
						2011;36(1):33-6.</mixed-citation>
          <element-citation publication-type="journal">
            <person-group person-group-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Baskurt</surname>
                <given-names>M</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Kalyoncuoglu</surname>
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                <surname>Kucukoglu</surname>
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              </name>
            </person-group>
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							of the heart</article-title>
            <source>Herz</source>
            <year>2011</year>
            <volume>36</volume>
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            <fpage>33</fpage>
            <lpage>36</lpage>
          </element-citation>
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        <ref id="B09">
          <label>3</label>
          <mixed-citation>3. Oechslin EN, Attenhofer Jost CH, Rojas JR, Kaufmann PA, Jenni
						R. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular
						noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll
						Cardiol. 2000;36(2):493-500.</mixed-citation>
          <element-citation publication-type="journal">
            <person-group person-group-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Oechslin</surname>
                <given-names>EN</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Attenhofer Jost</surname>
                <given-names>CH</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Rojas</surname>
                <given-names>JR</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Kaufmann</surname>
                <given-names>PA</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Jenni</surname>
                <given-names>R</given-names>
              </name>
            </person-group>
            <article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated
							left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor
							prognosis</article-title>
            <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
            <year>2000</year>
            <volume>36</volume>
            <issue>2</issue>
            <fpage>493</fpage>
            <lpage>500</lpage>
          </element-citation>
        </ref>
      </ref-list>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Dextroversion and Noncompaction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Finsterer</surname>
            <given-names>Josef</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>St&#246;llberger</surname>
            <given-names>Claudia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Viena</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>&#193;ustria</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, 2&#176; Departamento
					M&#233;dico, Viena, &#193;ustria</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">2&#176; Departamento M&#233;dico</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Viena</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>&#193;ustria</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Viena,
					&#193;ustria</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Josef Finsterer,</bold> Postfach 20. Postal Code 1180,
					Vienna, Austria, Europe. E-mail: <email>fifigs1@yahoo.de</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathies / pathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Dextrocardia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dear Editor,</title>
        <p>With interest we read the article by Gon&#231;alves et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> about a patient with dextrocardia and left-ventricular
					hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>.
					We have the following comments and concerns.</p>
        <p>Dextrocardia in association with LVHT has been repeatedly reported<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>The exact pathomechanism of LVHT has not been discovered. Though the failing
					compaction process may play a role, there are also patients in whom LVHT
					developed during lifetime (acquired LVHT).</p>
        <p>Which was the cause of collapses and presyncope? Did the patient undergo cerebral
					magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out cardioembolic stroke originating
					from the inter-trabecular spaces, a complication repeatedly reported in LVHT?
					Which were the results of carotid ultrasound investigations?</p>
        <p>The patient required implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
					(ICD) because of inducible ventricular fibrillation. Did the ICD ever discharge
					during follow-up?</p>
        <p>LVHT is frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Was the
					patient ever seen by a myologist to rule out a NMD? Neuromuscular disorders,
					such as periodic paralysis or Marden-Walker syndrome, were associated with
					dextrocardia.</p>
        <p>LVHT is frequently familial. Were other family members investigated for LVHT? Was
					LVHT found in any of the first-degree relatives? Did any of the family members
					develop cardiac symptoms?</p>
        <p>The patient received gadolinium for cardiac MRI. Did radiologists observe late
					enhancement, which may indicate myocardial fibrosis? Myocardial late enhancement
					can be typically found in dystrophic NMD patients with myocardial affection<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>The diagnostic criterion of at least four LV trabeculations on echocardiography
					for diagnosing LVHT on echocardiography has not been provided by Jenny et
						al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> but by St&#246;llberger et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
        <p>The figure of 24% of LVHT patients to experience embolic stroke from
					inter-trabecular thrombi is high and not referenced. </p>
        <p>Though cardiac MRI is useful to detect LVHT, it is not diagnostic in each case.
					Vice-versa echocardiography may not always detect LVHT, most frequently due to
					poor image quality, due to marked LV dilatation, or due to severe myocardial
						thickening<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <p>There are a number of sporadic LVHT cases in which mutations in single genes,
					such as the SCNA5 or G4.5 gene, have been reported, suggesting that not only
					familial LVHT is associated with mutated genes. </p>
        <p>Overall, LVHT remains an enigmatic condition with several practical implications
					for the management of these patients. In LVHT it is essential that all clinical
					and scientific aspects are considered not only to improve the outcome of these
					patients but also to contribute to the clarification of the pathogenetic
					background.</p>
        <p>There is no financial support or other benefits from commercial sources for the
					work reported in the manuscript, or any other financial interest of the authors,
					which could create a potential conflict of interest or the appearance of a
					conflict of interest with regard to the work.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" xml:lang="en" id="r02">
      <front-stub>
        <title-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Souto</surname>
              <given-names>Fernanda Maria Silveira</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>Joselina Luzia Menezes</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>In response to the letter, we agree that noncompacted cardiomyopathy is an
					enigmatic condition with several pathophysiological aspects not completely
					elucidated, making its characterization by the use of the major diagnostic
					tools, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, difficult. Thus,
					as highlighted in the case report, the use of both methods has been postulated
					as often required to either confirm or exclude the diagnosis of that
					condition.</p>
        <p>a) The patient underwent neither neurological assessment nor cerebral magnetic
					resonance imaging, because the episodes of lipothymia and presyncope were
					attributed to bradyarrhythmia, and the patient became asymptomatic after
					cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Duplex carotid ultrasound showed no
					significant atherosclerotic lesion;</p>
        <p>b) One single inappropriate discharge was identified in the presence of atrial
					flutter;</p>
        <p>c) The patient has no symptoms of neuromuscular disorders; however, he has not
					been examined by a myologist;</p>
        <p>d) There is no report of cardiac symptoms of other family members, although,
					despite the high interest of the assisting team, no systematic cardiological
					investigation has been conducted in all first-degree relatives;</p>
        <p>e) As reported in the article, after gadolinium administration, no late
					enhancement, indicating fibrosis, was identified;</p>
        <p>f) The occurrence of thromboembolic events, due to thrombi from the atria and
					intertrabecular recesses, in up to 24% of patients with noncompacted
					myocardiopathy has been reported by Friedman et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">1</xref> and Baskurt et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">2</xref>, references cited in the case report, as well as by Oechslin et
						al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">3</xref>.</p>
        <sig-block>Sincerely, <sig><break/>Fernanda Maria Silveira Souto<break/> Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira<break/>
						Ant&#244;nio Carlos Sobral Sousa<break/>
					</sig>
				</sig-block>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
