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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="3.0" article-type="letter" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Rxc3HyjbdjztXQkb3CJNBsF</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000300013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140027</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Pept&#237;deos Natriur&#233;ticos: o Cora&#231;&#227;o Deve Ser
               Avaliado Como um Todo</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buyukturan</surname>
            <given-names>Galip</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Aksaz</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">&gt;Hospital Militar Aksaz - Departamento de
               Cardiologia, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina Militar Gulhane</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country>Turquia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina Militar Gulhane -
               Departamento de Cardiologia, Turquia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Militar Girne</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Medicina Interna</institution>
        <country>Cyprus</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Militar Girne - Departamento de Medicina
               Interna, Cyprus</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Emre Yalcinkaya</bold>, Aksaz Military Hospital - Department
               of Cardiology. Postal Code 48750, Mugla, Turkey. E-mail:
                  <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>305</fpage>
      <lpage>306</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos</kwd>
        <kwd>Fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita</kwd>
        <kwd>Embolia pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Caro Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo de Rodrigues e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> intitulado "Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Ventr&#237;culo Direito pelo Ecocardiograma com Doppler
         Tecidual na Embolia Pulmonar Aguda", publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Os
            autores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> tiveram por objetivo avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o
         sist&#243;lica Ventricular Direita (VD) usando Doppler ecocardiografia tecidual bidimensional em
         pacientes com Embolia Pulmonar (EP) aguda e, ainda, analisar sua correla&#231;&#227;o com os n&#237;veis
         de Pept&#237;deo Natriur&#233;tico Atrial (BNP). Eles conclu&#237;ram que n&#237;veis elevados de BNP (&#8805; 50
         pg/mL) estavam associados a uma maior preval&#234;ncia de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica VD em pacientes
         com EP. Embora o atual artigo tenha sido bem conduzido, e cumprimentamos seus autores pela
         informa&#231;&#227;o detalhada e valiosa nele apresentada, acreditamos que alguns coment&#225;rios s&#227;o
         oportunos. </p>
    <p>Os pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos s&#227;o secretados principalmente por cardiomi&#243;citos em resposta ao
         estiramento mioc&#225;rdico induzido por sobrecarga de volume<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Eles atuam aumentando a
         natriurese e diminuindo a resist&#234;ncia vascular, o que reduz, dessa forma, a volemia, a
         press&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e a p&#243;s carga<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. O BNP &#233;
         sintetizado primariamente pelo mioc&#225;rdio atrial. As concentra&#231;&#245;es de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico
         acham se associadas com o funcionamento do &#225;trio e do ap&#234;ndice atrial, assim como com a
         gravidade da insufici&#234;ncia e da estenose das v&#225;lvulas mitral e a&#243;rtica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
    <p>J&#225; se demonstrou eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico em pacientes hipertire&#243;ideos,
         hipertensos e obesos, devido &#224; estimula&#231;&#227;o direta de horm&#244;nios tire&#243;ideos, hipertrofia
         ventricular esquerda e aumento da p&#243;s-carga e da resist&#234;ncia insul&#237;nica,
            respectivamente<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
    <p>Concluindo, embora os n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico estejam associados a fun&#231;&#245;es
         ventriculares, outros fatores, que podem elevar tais n&#237;veis, devem ser avaliados. Informar
         os n&#237;veis de horm&#244;nios tire&#243;ideos, os &#237;ndices de massa corporal e os n&#237;veis de press&#227;o
         arterial dos pacientes, assim como avaliar as v&#225;lvulas mitral e a&#243;rtica (insufici&#234;ncia e
         estenose) e os volumes atriais (esquerdo e direito), que poderiam alterar os resultados,
         conferiria maior valor ao estudo, acrescentando maior consist&#234;ncia aos seus resultados.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article id="R01" article-type="reply" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Agradecemos a <italic>Yalcinkaya</italic> e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">1</xref> pelos valiosos coment&#225;rios sobre nosso recente artigo. O Pept&#237;deo
            Natriur&#233;tico Atrial (BNP) &#233; produzido primariamente nos mi&#243;citos ventriculares, e n&#237;veis
            elevados s&#227;o encontrados em pacientes com aumento das press&#245;es ventricular esquerda e
            arterial pulmonar. Assim, o BNP pode ser considerado um marcador importante, tanto para
            diagn&#243;stico quanto para avalia&#231;&#227;o da gravidade da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Concordamos em
            que o BNP esteja elevado em v&#225;rias condi&#231;&#245;es al&#233;m da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, como
            hipertens&#227;o arterial, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, doen&#231;a
            tireoidiana e cirrose. Entretanto, nosso objetivo foi avaliar os n&#237;veis de BNP em um
            grupo selecionado de pacientes com tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo. Como o eleva&#231;&#227;o do
            BNP plasm&#225;tico &#233; um poderoso marcador de disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ventricular esquerda, foram
            exclu&#237;dos pacientes com essa condi&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, nossa popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o incluiu pacientes
            com doen&#231;a valvar significativa, que afeta significativamente os n&#237;veis de BNP. N&#227;o
            testamos nossa popula&#231;&#227;o para doen&#231;a da tireoide; em estudos experimentais, a fun&#231;&#227;o
            tireoidiana apresenta um efeito modesto, por&#233;m significativo, na concentra&#231;&#227;o da por&#231;&#227;o
            N-Terminal do BNP (NT-proBNP), sugerindo que os horm&#244;nios tireoidianos possam aumentar a
            s&#237;ntese dos horm&#244;nios pept&#237;deos atriais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">2</xref>. Por
            outro lado, Kato e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">3</xref> afirmaram que a
            condi&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular &#233; o principal fator respons&#225;vel pela eleva&#231;&#227;o do BNP s&#233;rico em
            pacientes tireot&#243;xicos, enquanto que a pr&#243;pria tireotoxicose &#233; um contribuinte
            significativo, embora de menor import&#226;ncia. A preval&#234;ncia de disfun&#231;&#227;o tireoidiana
            evidente &#233; de cerca de 5% na popula&#231;&#227;o geral<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">4</xref>;
            portanto, testar a fun&#231;&#227;o tireoidiana para avaliar sua influ&#234;ncia no BNP seria
            eticamente inaceit&#225;vel em pacientes com tromboembolismo pulmonar. Na verdade, os
            horm&#244;nios natriur&#233;ticos s&#227;o afetados n&#227;o apenas pela fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, mas tamb&#233;m pela
            ativa&#231;&#227;o de citocinas neuro-hormonais e relacionadas ao estresse, e, nesse caso, todas
            deveriam ser testadas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">5</xref>. Ao rever importantes
            estudos que utilizam o BNP para o diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, n&#227;o encontramos
            qualquer men&#231;&#227;o aos horm&#244;nios tireoidianos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">6</xref>.</p>
      <p>Por fim, concordamos quanto &#224; limitada especificidade do BNP, uma vez que est&#225; elevado
            em um grande n&#250;mero de situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que podem coexistir, sendo necess&#225;rios ajustes
            para os efeitos independentes.</p>
      <sig-block>Atenciosamente, <sig><break/>Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues<break/> Marcelo Luiz Campos
               Vieira<break/>
				</sig>
			</sig-block>
    </body>
    <back>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter To The Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of Natriuretic Peptides: The Heart Should Be
               Evaluated as a Whole</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yalcinkaya</surname>
            <given-names>Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Celik</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buyukturan</surname>
            <given-names>Galip</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Aksaz Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology</institution>
        <country>Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Aksaz Military Hospital - Department of Cardiology,
               Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology</institution>
        <country>Turkey</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Gulhane Military Medical Faculty - Department of
               Cardiology, Turkey</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Girne Military Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>
        <country>Cyprus</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Girne Military Hospital - Department of Internal
               Medicine, Cyprus</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Emre Yalcinkaya,</bold> Aksaz Military Hospital - Department
               of Cardiology. Postal Code 48750, Mugla, Turkey. E-mail:
                  <email>dremreyalcinkaya@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Natriuretic Peptides</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Function, Right</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Embolism</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article by Rodrigues et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> entitled "Right Ventricular Assessment by Tissue-Doppler
            Echocardiography in Acute Pulmonary Embolism", which was published of the Arquivos
            Brasileiros de Cardiologia. The authors<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> aimed to
            evaluate the right ventricular (RV) systolic function using two-dimensional tissue
            Doppler echocardiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and to analyze
            its correlation with atrial natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. The authors concluded that
            increased BNP levels (&#8805; 50 pg/mL) were associated with a higher prevalence of RV
            systolic dysfunction in patients with PE. Although the current article is well-managed,
            and we commend the authors for the detailed and valuable information that they have
            provided, some comments may be beneficial. </p>
      <p>Natriuretic peptides are predominantly secreted by cardiac myocytes in response to
            myocardial stretch induced by volume load<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. They act to increase
            natriuresis and decrease vascular resistance, thereby decreasing blood volume, systemic
            blood pressure and afterload<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Atrial natriuretic
            peptide is synthesized primarily by the atrial myocardium. Natriuretic peptide
            concentrations are associated with atrial and atrial appendage functions as well as with
            the severity of mitral and aortic valve regurgitation and stenosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>In addition, natriuretic peptide levels have been shown to be higher in hyperthyroid,
            hypertensive and obese patients, due to the direct stimulatory effect of thyroid
            hormones, left ventricular hypertrophy and increased afterload and insulin resistance,
               respectively<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, although natriuretic peptide levels are associated with ventricular
            functions, other factors which could increase peptide levels should be assessed. If
            information on thyroid hormone levels, body mass indexes and mean blood pressure levels
            of patients was provided, as well as on the assessment of mitral and aortic valves
            (regurgitation and stenosis) and of atrial volumes (left and right), which could alter
            the results, the study could be more valuable and the information obtained from the
            study could add more consistency to the results.</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article id="R02" article-type="reply" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <title-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>
          <bold>Reply</bold>
        </p>
        <p>We would like to thank Yalcinkaya et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">1</xref> and
               coworkers for the worthy commentaries on our recent article<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">1</xref>. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is produced primarily in
               ventricular myocytes, and elevated levels are found mainly in patients with increased
               left ventricular and pulmonary artery pressure. It has been regarded as a useful
               marker for both the diagnosis and severity of heart failure. We certainly agree that
               BNP is increased in a variety of conditions apart from heart failure, such as
               hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, thyroid disease
               and cirrhosis. However, our aim was to assess BNP levels in a selected group of
               patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Because elevated plasma BNP is a
               powerful marker of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, we excluded patients with
               that condition. Furthermore, our population did not comprise patients with
               significant valve disease, which notably affects BNP levels. We did not test our
               population for thyroid disease, although, in experimental studies, thyroid function
               has a modest but significant effect on NT-proBNP concentration, suggesting thyroid
               hormones can enhance synthesis of atrial peptide hormones<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">2</xref>. On the other hand, Kato et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">3</xref> have stated that cardiovascular condition is the major factor
               responsible for serum BNP elevation in thyrotoxic patients, while thyrotoxicosis
               itself is a significant, but minor contributor. The prevalence of overt thyroid
               dysfunction is about 5% in the general population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">4</xref>; thus, testing thyroid function to check its influence on BNP would
               hardly be acceptable in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. In fact, natriuretic
               hormones are affected not only by cardiac function but also by activation of
               neuro-hormonal and stress-related cytokines, in which case, all would have to be
                  tested<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">5</xref>. On reviewing key studies using BNP
               for the diagnosis of heart failure, we have found no citations on thyroid
                  hormones<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">6</xref>.</p>
        <p>Finally, we agree that the specificity of BNP is limited, because it is elevated in a
               large number of clinical situations that may coexist, and adjustments for the
               independent effects are possibly required.</p>
        <p>Sincerely,</p>
        <sig-block>Sincerely, <sig><break/>Ana Clara Tude Rodrigues <break/>Marcelo Luiz Campos
                  Vieira<break/></sig>
				</sig-block>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
