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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">WnnfDWRqrpdxzcrxhCSBq3s</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000300004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">Sabc.20140012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Escore Progn&#243;stico para S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda em
               Hospital Terci&#225;rio Privado</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Edson Renato</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Liguori</surname>
            <given-names>Ieda Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farran</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Alcantara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Egito</surname>
            <given-names>Rosa Maria Pimentel do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Luz Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Werneck</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Avellar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Egito</surname>
            <given-names>Enilton Sergio Tabosa do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Biasi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Piegas</surname>
            <given-names>Leopoldo Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o,
               S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade Coron&#225;ria</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Coron&#225;ria - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo,
               SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        <institution content-type="original"> </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa - Hospital do
               Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold> Edson Renato Romano. Rua Rio de Janeiro, 347, apto.
               401, Higien&#243;polis. CEP 01240-010, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail:
                  <email>eromano@cardiol.br</email>, <email>eromano@hcor.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Romano ER, Liguori IM, Piegas LS; bten&#231;&#227;o de
                  dados: Romano ER, Liguori IM, Farran JA, Egito RMP, Romano MLP, Werneck VA,
                  Barbosa MAO, Egito EST; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do
                  manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Romano ER, Piegas LS; An&#225;lise
                  estat&#237;stica: Romano ER; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Romano ER, Cavalcanti AB, Piegas
                  LS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>226</fpage>
      <lpage>236</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p> Os modelos progn&#243;sticos dispon&#237;veis para S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) podem
                  ter limita&#231;&#245;es de <italic>performance</italic>, por terem sido elaborados h&#225;
                  v&#225;rios anos, ou problemas de aplicabilidade. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p> Elaborar escores para predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos desfavor&#225;veis em 30 dias e 6 meses, em
                  pacientes com SCA, com ou sem Supradesnivelamento de ST (SST), atendida em
                  hospital privado terci&#225;rio. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p> Coorte prospectiva de pacientes consecutivos com SCA admitidos entre agosto/2009
                  a junho/2012. O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto foi a ocorr&#234;ncia de &#243;bito, infarto ou
                  reinfarto, Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e
                  sangramento maior. As vari&#225;veis preditoras foram selecionadas de dados cl&#237;nicos,
                  laboratoriais, eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e da terap&#234;utica. O modelo final foi obtido
                  por meio de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica e submetido a valida&#231;&#227;o interna, utilizando-se
                     <italic>bootstraping</italic>. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p> Inclu&#237;mos 760 pacientes, 132 com SCA com SST e 628 sem SST. A idade m&#233;dia foi
                  63,2 &#177; 11,7 anos, sendo 583 homens (76,7%). O modelo final para eventos em 30 dias
                  cont&#233;m cinco preditores: idade &#8805; 70 anos, antecedente de neoplasia, Fra&#231;&#227;o de
                  Eje&#231;&#227;o do Ventr&#237;culo Esquerdo (FEVE) &lt; 40%, troponinaI &gt; 12,4 ng/mL e
                  tromb&#243;lise. Na valida&#231;&#227;o interna, o modelo mostrou ter boa
                     <italic>performance</italic> com &#225;rea sob a curva de 0,71.Os preditores do
                  modelo para 6 meses s&#227;o: antecedente de neoplasia, FEVE &lt; 40%, tromb&#243;lise,
                  troponina I &gt; 14,3 ng/mL, creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL, antecedente de doen&#231;a
                  pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica e hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL. Na valida&#231;&#227;o interna, o
                  modelo apresentou boa <italic>performance</italic> com &#225;rea sob a curva de 0,69.
               </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p> Desenvolvemos escores de f&#225;cil utiliza&#231;&#227;o e boa <italic>performance</italic> para
                  predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos adversos em 30 dias e 6 meses em pacientes com SCA.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Probabilidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitais Privados</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="37"/>
        <page-count count="1"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Como j&#225; &#233; do conhecimento em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; import&#226;ncia epidemiol&#243;gica das DCV, chama aten&#231;&#227;o
            a DAC, que no Brasil &#233; uma das principais causas de &#243;bito, em particular quando se trata
            de paciente com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Apesar do tratamento otimizado com f&#225;rmacos
            anti isqu&#234;micos e antitromb&#243;ticos potentes e de toda a tecnologia em favor do
            diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da SCA, o &#243;bito e o Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) recorrente
            t&#234;m incid&#234;ncia ainda elevada ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar. Estimam-se taxas que variam de 5% a
            10% em um m&#234;s de evolu&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s o evento agudo, com um risco tamb&#233;m elevado a longo
               prazo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
      <p>Pacientes com SCA constituem uma popula&#231;&#227;o heterog&#234;nea, com quadros cl&#237;nicos diferentes
            e progn&#243;sticos vari&#225;veis, tanto em curto quanto em longo prazos, principalmente nos
            indiv&#237;duos acometidos de SCA sem Supradesnivelamento de ST (SST). A probabilidade,
            ent&#227;o, de ocorr&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es desfavor&#225;veis, principalmente &#243;bito e eventos
            cardiovasculares durante a evolu&#231;&#227;o, fez que se desenvolvessem modelos de predi&#231;&#227;o de
            risco. Esses modelos se tornaram fundamentais para tomada de decis&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o a
            melhor estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica, transfer&#234;ncia de casos graves para locais de maior
            recurso, evitar exames desnecess&#225;rios e interna&#231;&#245;es prolongadas em casos de baixo risco,
            com relev&#226;ncia para adequada gest&#227;o de leitos hospitalares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
      <p>H&#225; diversos modelos progn&#243;sticos para pacientes com SCA que, no entanto, podem ter
            limita&#231;&#245;es de calibra&#231;&#227;o ou discrimina&#231;&#227;o em raz&#227;o de terem sido elaborados h&#225; v&#225;rios
               anos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> ou popula&#231;&#245;es selecionadas de ensaios cl&#237;nicos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. H&#225; um modelo desenvolvido para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, que, no entanto,
            envolveu apenas pacientes com SCA sem SST e atendidos em hospital p&#250;blico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar escores
            para predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos desfavor&#225;veis em 30 dias e 6 meses, em popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o
            selecionada de pacientes com SCA com ou sem SST atendidos em hospital privado
            terci&#225;rio.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Delineamento</title>
        <p>Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes admitidos na Unidade Coron&#225;ria do
               Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP, entre 1&#186; de agosto de 2009 e 20 de junho
               de 2012. O HCor &#233; um hospital terci&#225;rio, filantr&#243;pico, que recebe pacientes privados
               e de conv&#234;nios de sa&#250;de. O protocolo de estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em
               Pesquisa do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP (HCor), e todos os pacientes assinaram
               o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacientes</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo todos os pacientes com SCA, com ou sem SST, com idade
               superior a 18 anos, de ambos os g&#234;neros, internados na Unidade Coron&#225;ria do HCor no
               per&#237;odo supracitado. Foram exclu&#237;dos pacientes que se recusaram a assinar o Termo de
               Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e aqueles com dificuldade grave de cogni&#231;&#227;o, que
               poderiam limitar o seguimento do estudo.</p>
        <p>Foram utilizados como biomarcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica a mensura&#231;&#227;o da massa de
               creatininofosfoquinase fra&#231;&#227;o MB (CK-MB) e troponina I. Para os crit&#233;rios de
               diagn&#243;stico de Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio (IAM), reinfarto cl&#237;nico ou ap&#243;s
               Interven&#231;&#227;o Coronariana Percut&#226;nea (ICP) ou cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio
               adotamos os crit&#233;rios da "Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction" de 2007<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>. Para o diagn&#243;stico de angina inst&#225;vel, o
               quadro cl&#237;nico anginoso teve como base a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Braunwald<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Vari&#225;veis preditoras</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis preditoras foram selecionadas a partir de dados cl&#237;nicos, laboratoriais,
               do eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma obtidos nas primeiras 48 horas, al&#233;m da
               terap&#234;utica utilizada nas primeiras 12 horas de admiss&#227;o. Entre as vari&#225;veis
               cl&#237;nicas, consideramos: idade; g&#234;nero; hist&#243;ria de angina, IAM, ICP, cirurgia de
               revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio, AVC, diabete melito, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca,
               insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica, sedentarismo, tabagismo, doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva
               cr&#244;nica, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana com estenose &#8805; 50%, doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica,
               dislipidemia, hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, neoplasia, arritmia card&#237;aca e hist&#243;ria
               familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria; medica&#231;&#245;es de uso pr&#233;vio &#224; interna&#231;&#227;o
               (aspirina, betabloqueador, bloqueador de canal de c&#225;lcio, bloqueador do receptor da
               angiotensina II, clopidogrel, ticlopidina, estatinas, inibidores da enzima de
               convers&#227;o a angiotensina II, digit&#225;lico, nitrato, diur&#233;tico, hipoglicemiante oral e
               anticoagulante oral); dados cl&#237;nicos iniciais (press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica, frequ&#234;ncia
               card&#237;aca, dispneia, s&#237;ncope, classe Killip).</p>
        <p>Entre as vari&#225;veis laboratoriais consideramos os piores valores observados nas
               primeiras 48 horas ap&#243;s admiss&#227;o hospitalar. As seguintes vari&#225;veis laboratoriais
               foram avaliadas como preditores: leucograma, hemoglobina, hemat&#243;crito, glicemia,
               creatinina, <italic>clearance</italic> de creatinina, colesterol total e fra&#231;&#245;es,
               Prote&#237;na C-Reativa (PCR) ultrassens&#237;vel, triglic&#233;rides e troponina.</p>
        <p>Os dados do eletrocardiograma que foram analisados como potenciais preditores foram
               eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST &#8805;1mm, infradesnivelamento do segmento ST &#8805; 0,5 mm ou o
               desfecho combinado caracterizado pela presen&#231;a de uma das altera&#231;&#245;es acima. A fra&#231;&#227;o
               de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foi mensurada pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson nas primeiras
               48 horas de admiss&#227;o por ecocardiogramatranstor&#225;cico. Entre as interven&#231;&#245;es
               terap&#234;uticas, consideramos a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica como potencial preditor
               nos modelos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho cl&#237;nico e seguimento</title>
        <p>Definimos como desfecho prim&#225;rio composto a ocorr&#234;ncia de morte por qualquer causa,
               IAM ou reinfarto n&#227;o fatais, Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) n&#227;o fatal, sangramento
               maior ou parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria revertida no per&#237;odo de 30 dias ou 6 meses, de
               acordo com o modelo estudado. Sangramento maior foi definido como perda de sangue com
               queda da Hb &gt; 3,0 g/dL ou qualquer queda de Hb &gt; 4,0 g/dL; sangramento
               intracraniano, intraocular ou retroperitoneal; transfus&#227;o de duas ou mais unidades de
               concentrado globular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. O seguimento de 30
               dias e 6 meses foi realizado por meio de liga&#231;&#245;es telef&#244;nica para o paciente ou
               familiares.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o assim&#233;trica e normal foram descritas com mediana
               (intervalo interquartil) e m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o respectivamente. Normalidade foi
               avaliada com a inspe&#231;&#227;o visual de histogramas. Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas
               com frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. Todas as probabilidades de signific&#226;ncia
               (valores de p) apresentadas s&#227;o do tipo bilateral e valores menores que 0,05
               considerados estatisticamente significantes. O <italic>software</italic> SAS vers&#227;o
               9.3 foi utilizado na an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de dados.</p>
        <p>An&#225;lise multivariada via regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria m&#250;ltipla foi utilizada para
               identificar covari&#225;veis associadas com a ocorr&#234;ncia do desfecho bin&#225;rio.
               Inicialmente, an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria univariada foram conduzidas
               para testar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre cada covari&#225;vel e a vari&#225;vel resposta bin&#225;ria. Nessas
               an&#225;lises, quando se observou o fen&#244;meno de "separa&#231;&#227;o" dos dados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>, valores de p e respectivos IC95% foram estimados a partir da
               aplica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;todo de m&#225;xima verossimilhan&#231;a penalizada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. Em seguida, covari&#225;veis que apresentaram valor-p &lt; 0,10
               nas an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o univariada foram consideradas em an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o
               log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla, utilizando m&#233;todo (convencional) de m&#225;xima verossimilhan&#231;a e
               sele&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis segundo t&#233;cnica de elimina&#231;&#227;o <italic>"backward"</italic>.
               Valor-p &lt; 0,10 foi utilizado como crit&#233;rio de reten&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis no modelo
                  final<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. A suposi&#231;&#227;o de linearidade na
               escala logit (<italic>log-odds</italic>) entre cada covari&#225;vel quantitativa e a
               vari&#225;vel resposta bin&#225;ria em an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria foi avaliada com
               a constru&#231;&#227;o de "Smoothed Scatter Plots"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.
               Quando a suposi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi satisfeita, covari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram dicotomizadas para
               utiliza&#231;&#227;o em regress&#227;o log&#237;stica, utilizando-se ponto de corte obtidos da literatura
               ou a partir de an&#225;lise da curva ROC (<italic>Receiver Operating
                  Characteristic</italic>), determinando-se ponto de corte que maximiza
               sensibilidade mais especificidade menos um (&#237;ndice de Youden)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>. A
               presen&#231;a de multicolinearidade foi avaliada nas covari&#225;veis que apresentaram valor-p
               &lt; 0,10 nas an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o univariada via estima&#231;&#227;o de fatores de infla&#231;&#227;o
               de vari&#226;ncia ("<italic>variance inflation factor</italic>"(VIF)). Valores de VIF &gt;
               2.5 serviram como indicadores de consider&#225;vel multicolinearidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
        <p>A <italic>performance</italic> global, calibra&#231;&#227;o e a habilidade discriminat&#243;ria do
               modelo final de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla foram avaliadas com a estat&#237;stica Brier
               escore, o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow e a &#225;rea sob a curva ROC (AROC) respectivamente. O
               Brier escore para um modelo pode variar de 0 (modelo perfeito) a 0.25(modelo n&#227;o
                  informativo)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. Valor-p &gt; 0,05 para o
               teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow indica que modelo estaria calibrado, ou seja, as
               probabilidades preditas pelo modelo refletem adequadamente a ocorr&#234;ncia do evento nos
               dados. Como regra geral, foi considerada a seguinte interpreta&#231;&#227;o para a AROC: AROC =
               0,5: discrimina&#231;&#227;o ausente; 0,5 &#8804; AROC &lt; 0,7: discrimina&#231;&#227;o de pequena relev&#226;ncia;
               0,7 &#8804; AROC &lt; 0,8: discrimina&#231;&#227;o aceit&#225;vel; 0,8 &#8804; AROC &lt; 0,9: discrimina&#231;&#227;o
               excelente; AROC &#8805; 0,9: discrimina&#231;&#227;o quase perfeita<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
        <p>Valida&#231;&#227;o interna do modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla foi efetuada via t&#233;cnica
                  <italic>bootstrap</italic> baseado em 200 replica&#231;&#245;es<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. Esse
               m&#233;todo tem demonstrado desempenho superior a outras t&#233;cnicas de valida&#231;&#227;o
                  interna<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. A <italic>performance</italic>
               do modelo de valida&#231;&#227;o interna foi avaliada com estat&#237;stica Brier escore e &#225;rea sobre
               a curva ROC.</p>
        <p>Em seguida, um escore de risco ponderado foi constru&#237;do, utilizando-se os
               coeficientes do modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla.Esses coeficientes foram
               transformados em escores multiplicando-os por 10 e arredondando-os para o n&#250;mero
               inteiro mais pr&#243;ximo que foram sendo adicionados de modo a se obter um escore total
                  agregado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
        <p>Grupos de risco foram definidos a partir da distribui&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncia do escore, e a
               propor&#231;&#227;o de eventos foi comparada entre os grupos segundo teste de tend&#234;ncia linear
               de Cochran-Armitage<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas Basais</title>
        <p>A amostra do estudo foi de 760 pacientes, sendo 278 (36,5%) portadores de IAM sem
               SST, 350 (46,0%) de angina inst&#225;vel, e 132 (17,3%) de IAM com SST. A idade m&#233;dia foi
               de 63,2 &#177; 11,7 anos, com predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino (76,7%). Demais caracter&#237;sticas
               basais s&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t01">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais da amostra do estudo (n = 760)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Altera&#231;&#245;es do eletrocardiograma - n (%)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Infradesnivelamento do segmento ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 0,5
                           mm</td>
                <td align="center">94 (12,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 1mm em
                           outras deriva&#231;&#245;es</td>
                <td align="center">115 (15,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Qualquer desvio do segmento ST</td>
                <td align="center">209 (28,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Exames laboratoriais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Leuc&#243;citos totais (mm<sup>3</sup>) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">8.974 &#177; 4.554</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Plaquetas (mm<sup>3</sup>) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">217.407 &#177; 78.076</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemat&#243;critos (%) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">41,8 &#177; 5,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina (g/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">14,1 &#177; 2,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicemia (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">118 &#177; 42,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pot&#225;ssio (mEq/L) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">4,3 &#177; 1,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><italic>Clearence</italic> de creatinina (mL/m) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">91,0 &#177; 39,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Colesterol total (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">166,9 &#177; 44,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LDL colesterol (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">98,1 &#177; 39,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HDL colesterol (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">38,1 &#177; 10,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>PCRus (mg/dL) - mediana (intervalo interquartil)</td>
                <td align="center">6,6 (2,5 - 21,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#193;cido &#250;rico (mEq/L) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">5,7 &#177; 2,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Triglic&#233;rides (mg/dL) - m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
                <td align="center">175,1 &#177; 152,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Troponina (ng/mL) - mediana (intervalo interquartil)</td>
                <td align="center">1,7 (0,19 - 16,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40% - n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (6,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica - n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (2,1)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>IAM: Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; SST: Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST;
                        DAC: Doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria; LDL: Lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade; HDL:
                        Lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; PCRus: Prote&#237;na C-reativa
                        ultrassens&#237;vel.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos</title>
        <p>O desfecho combinado &#243;bito, IAM ou reinfarto n&#227;o fatal, AVC n&#227;o fatal, sangramento
               maior ou parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria revertida ocorreu em 52 pacientes em 30 dias de
               seguimento, e em 79 pacientes em 6 meses de seguimento. A incid&#234;ncia de cada
               componente do desfecho &#233; apresentada na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">tabela
                  2</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t02">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Incid&#234;ncia das vari&#225;veis que comp&#245;em o desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Eventos</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>30 dias n (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>6 meses n (%)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Desfecho combinado</td>
                <td align="center">52 (6,8)</td>
                <td align="center">79 (10,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#211;bito por qualquer causa</td>
                <td align="center">7 (0,9)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (3,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IAM ou reinfarto n&#227;o fatal</td>
                <td align="center">08 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (2,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acidente vascular cerebral n&#227;o fatal</td>
                <td align="center">08 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (1,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sangramento maior</td>
                <td align="center">22 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (2,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria revertida</td>
                <td align="center">10 (1,3)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (1,3)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>IAM: Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Escore 30 dias</title>
        <p>Os resultados das regress&#245;es log&#237;sticas univariadas s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">tabela 3</xref>. As vari&#225;veis associadas com o desfecho
               prim&#225;rio em 30 dias com p &lt; 0,10 foram: idade &#8805; 70 anos, antecedente de neoplasia,
               uso pr&#233;vio de diur&#233;ticos, uso pr&#233;vio de inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da
               angiotensina II, classe Killip 2 ou mais, leuc&#243;citos &gt; 11.200/mm<sup>3</sup>,
               hemat&#243;crito &lt; 41,9%, hemoglobina &lt;14 g/dL, creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL, PCR
               ultrassens&#237;vel &gt; 11 mg/dL, troponina&gt; 12,4 ng/mL, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do
               ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40% e uso de tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t03">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resultados dos modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada para predi&#231;&#227;o do
                     desfecho combinado em 30 dias</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th rowspan="2" align="center">
                  <bold>Eventos em 30 dias n. eventos/n. total no grupo (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <bold>Modelo univariado</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Odds ratio (IC 95%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Valor p</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade &gt;70</td>
                <td align="center">25/240 (10,4)</td>
                <td align="center">2,12 (1,20 a 3,74)</td>
                <td align="center">0,009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>G&#234;nero feminino</td>
                <td align="center">12/177 (6,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,99 (0,51 a 1,93)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Antecedentes</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HAS</td>
                <td align="center">39/571 (6,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,99 (0,52 a 1,90)</td>
                <td align="center">0,98</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">32/488 (6,6)</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,50 a 1,58)</td>
                <td align="center">0,68</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sedentarismo</td>
                <td align="center">35/449 (7,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,46 (0,80 a 2,66)</td>
                <td align="center">0,21</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC</td>
                <td align="center">28/396 (7,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,61 a 1,90)</td>
                <td align="center">0,79</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">12/228 (5,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,68 (0,35 a 1,33)</td>
                <td align="center">0,26</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">14/169 (8,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1,32 (0,70 a 2,49)</td>
                <td align="center">0,40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">16/167 (9,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,63 (0,88 a 3,03)</td>
                <td align="center">0,11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>CRM pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">13/170 (7,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,17 (0,61 a 2,25)</td>
                <td align="center">0,64</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ICP pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">13/201 (6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,92 (0,48 a 1,77)</td>
                <td align="center">0,81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IRC pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">6/58 (10,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1,65 (0,67 a 4,03)</td>
                <td align="center">0,28</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neoplasia</td>
                <td align="center">8/42 (19,0)</td>
                <td align="center">3,60 (1,57 a 8,25)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AVC pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">1/18 (5,6)</td>
                <td align="center">0,80 (0,10 a 6,11)</td>
                <td align="center">0,83</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ICC</td>
                <td align="center">2/17 (11,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,85 (0,41 a 8,31)</td>
                <td align="center">0,42</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAP</td>
                <td align="center">1/15 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,12 a 7,54)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DPOC</td>
                <td align="center">5/40 (12,5)</td>
                <td align="center">2,04 (0,76 a 5,46)</td>
                <td align="center">0,15</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC com estenose &gt; 50%</td>
                <td align="center">0/32 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,20 (0,00 a 1,43)</td>
                <td align="center">0,26</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">2/47 (4,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,59 (0,14 a 2,50)</td>
                <td align="center">0,47</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Medicamentos pr&#233;vios</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">26/399 (6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (0,51 a 1,57)</td>
                <td align="center">0,70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AAS</td>
                <td align="center">26/365 (7,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,62 a 1,91)</td>
                <td align="center">0,76</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Betabloqueador</td>
                <td align="center">20/295 (6,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,55 a 1,75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,95</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>BRA</td>
                <td align="center">18/265 (6,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,98 (0,55 a 1,78)</td>
                <td align="center">0,96</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipoglicemiante oral</td>
                <td align="center">11/185 (5,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,82 (0,41 a 1,63)</td>
                <td align="center">0,57</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diur&#233;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">16/164 (9,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,68 (0,90 a 3,11)</td>
                <td align="center">0,09</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nitrato</td>
                <td align="center">11/118 (9,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (0,75 a 3,02)</td>
                <td align="center">0,24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>BCCa</td>
                <td align="center">9/118 (7,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,15 (0,54 a 2,42)</td>
                <td align="center">0,71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IECA</td>
                <td align="center">13/117 (11,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,93 (0,99 a 3,75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Clopidogrel</td>
                <td align="center">7/107 (6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,94 (0,41 a 2,15)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Anticoagulante</td>
                <td align="center">1/17 (5,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,84 (0,11 a 6,52)</td>
                <td align="center">0,87</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insulina</td>
                <td align="center">3/34 (8,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,33 (0,39 a 4,53)</td>
                <td align="center">0,64</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos iniciais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt; 90 mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">0/7 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (0,00 a 7,48)</td>
                <td align="center">0,94</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 bpm</td>
                <td align="center">6/66 (9,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,40 (0,57 a 3,43)</td>
                <td align="center">0,45</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dispneia</td>
                <td align="center">5/59 (8,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1,28 (0,49 a 3,37)</td>
                <td align="center">0,60</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Classe Killip <underline>&gt;</underline> 2</td>
                <td align="center">7/35 (17,9)</td>
                <td align="center">3,28 (1,37 a 7,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infra ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 0,5 mm</td>
                <td align="center">9/94 (9,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,47 (0,69 a 3,12)</td>
                <td align="center">0,31</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Supra ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 1 mm</td>
                <td align="center">8/115 (7,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,44 a 2,13)</td>
                <td align="center">0,95</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Qualquer desvio ST</td>
                <td align="center">17/209 (8,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,24 (0,68 a 2,27)</td>
                <td align="center">0,48</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis laboratoriais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Leuc&#243;citos &gt; 11.200/mm<sup>3</sup>
								</td>
                <td align="center">17/131 (13,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2,51 (1,26 a 4,64)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicemia <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">34/456 (7,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1,30 (0,71 a 2,38)</td>
                <td align="center">0,38</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemat&#243;crito &lt; 41,9%</td>
                <td align="center">30/348 (8,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,66 (0,94 a 2,94)</td>
                <td align="center">0,07</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina &lt; 14,5 g/dL</td>
                <td align="center">36/419 (8,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,89 (1,03 a 3,48)</td>
                <td align="center">0,03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">17/141 (12,1)</td>
                <td align="center">2,28 (1,24 a 4,20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><italic>Clearance</italic> de creatinina <underline>&lt;</underline> 30
                           mL/min</td>
                <td align="center">3/23 (13,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2,10 (0,60 a 7,32)</td>
                <td align="center">0,24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Colesterol total <underline>&gt;</underline> 200 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">8/123 (6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1,03 (0,46 a 2,29)</td>
                <td align="center">0,93</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LDL colesterol &gt; 100 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">18/252 (7,1)</td>
                <td align="center">1,23 (0,65 a 2,31)</td>
                <td align="center">0,51</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HDL colesterol &lt; 40 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">26/418 (6,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,94 (0,49 a 1,79)</td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>PCRus &gt; 11 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">27/254 (10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">2,47 (1,33 a 4,60)</td>
                <td align="center">0,04</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Triglic&#233;rides &gt; 150 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">20/314 (6,4)</td>
                <td align="center">1,01 (0,54 a 1,89)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Troponina &gt; 12,4 ng/mL</td>
                <td align="center">25/209 (12,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2,66 (1,49 a 4,72)</td>
                <td align="center">0,0008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>FEVE &lt; 40%</td>
                <td align="center">11/49 (22,4)</td>
                <td align="center">4,70 (2,24 a 9,87)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica</td>
                <td align="center">5/16 (31,3)</td>
                <td align="center">6,74 (2,25 a 20,20)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria; IAM:
                        Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; CRM: Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio;
                        ICP: Interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea; IRC: Insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica;
                        AVC: Acidente vascular cerebral; ICC: Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva;
                        DAP: Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica; DPOC: Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica;
                        AAS: &#193;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico; BRA: Bloqueador dos receptores de angiotensina
                        II; IECA: Inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina; BCC: Bloqueador de
                        canais de c&#225;lcio; FEVE: Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">tabela 4</xref> demonstra o modelo final de
               regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla para seguimento de 30 dias, onde est&#227;o expressos os
               resultados dessa an&#225;lise, associado ao sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o. As vari&#225;veis que comp&#245;em
               o modelo final s&#227;o: idade &#8805; 70 anos, troponina&gt; 12,4 ng/dL, antecedente de
               neoplasia, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40% e tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t04">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resultados da an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada associada ao
                     sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o (escore) para o modelo final no seguimento de 30
                     dias</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Coef. de regress&#227;o</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>OR IC95%</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Valor-p</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Escore</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade <underline>&gt;</underline> 70</td>
                <td align="center">0,7653</td>
                <td align="center">2,15 (1,16 a 3,99)</td>
                <td align="center">0,02</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Troponina I &gt; 12,4 ng/mL</td>
                <td align="center">0,7875</td>
                <td align="center">2,20 (1,19 a 4,05)</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neoplasia</td>
                <td align="center">1,0327</td>
                <td align="center">2,81 (1,17 a 6,75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,02</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>FEVE &lt; 40%</td>
                <td align="center">1,0817</td>
                <td align="center">2,95 (1,33 a 6,52)</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica</td>
                <td align="center">1,7752</td>
                <td align="center">5,90 (1,76 a 19,83)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Na amostra de desenvolvimento, a <italic>performance</italic> global do modelo final
               foi adequada (Brier score = 0,06). Observou-se um n&#237;vel aceit&#225;vel de habilidade
               discriminat&#243;ria desse modelo, ou seja, da capacidade do modelo discriminar
               observa&#231;&#245;es entre evento e n&#227;o evento, com &#225;rea sob a curva ROC de 0,71 (intervalo de
               95% confian&#231;a [IC95%]: 0,63 a 0,79). A calibra&#231;&#227;o do modelo se mostrou adequada
               (Hosmer-Lemeshow com p = 0,72), ou seja, as probabilidades preditas pelo modelo
               refletem adequadamente a ocorr&#234;ncia do evento nos dados.</p>
        <p>Na amostra de valida&#231;&#227;o interna, observou-se boa <italic>performance</italic> (Brier
               score = 0,06), similar a <italic>performance</italic> no modelo de desenvolvimento.
               Tamb&#233;m verificamos boa capacidade discriminat&#243;ria (&#225;rea sob a curva ROC = 0,71).</p>
        <p>Realizamos classifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes em grupos de baixo, intermedi&#225;rio e alto risco
               conforme valor do escore de 30 dias de 0, 8 ou maior do que 8, respectivamente. Do
               total de pacientes, 352 (46,3%) foram de baixo risco, 262 (34,5%) de risco
               intermedi&#225;rio e 146 (19,2%) de alto risco. A probabilidade do desfecho prim&#225;rio
               observada em 30 dias foi de 2,8%, 6,5% e 17,1% nos grupos de baixo, intermedi&#225;rio e
               alto risco, respectivamente (p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Escore 6 meses</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis associadas com o desfecho prim&#225;rio em 6 meses na an&#225;lise univariada s&#227;o
               apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t05">tabela 5</xref>. As vari&#225;veis
               associadas com o desfecho prim&#225;rio em 6 meses com p &lt; 0,10 foram: idade &gt; 65
               anos; antecedentes de insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica, neoplasia, doen&#231;a pulmonar
               obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; uso pr&#233;vio de inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina
               II; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#8805; 100 bpm, classe Killip &#8805; 2; leuc&#243;citos &gt;
                  9.750/mm<sup>3</sup>, hemoglobina &lt; 14,5 g/dL, creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL,
               clearance de creatinina &lt; 30 mL/min, troponina I &gt; 14,3 ng/mL; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o
               do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40%; tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t05">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resultados dos modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariados para predi&#231;&#227;o do
                     desfecho combinado em 6 meses</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th rowspan="2" align="center">
                  <bold>Eventos em 6 meses n. eventos/n. total no grupo (%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <bold>Modelo univariado</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Odds ratio (IC 95%)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Valor p</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade &gt; 65</td>
                <td align="center">45/38 (13,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1,75 (1,09 a 2,80)</td>
                <td align="center">0,02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>G&#234;nero feminino</td>
                <td align="center">18/177 (10,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,55 a 1,68)</td>
                <td align="center">0,91</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Antecedentes</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HAS</td>
                <td align="center">62/571 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,23 (0,70 a 2,16)</td>
                <td align="center">0,46</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">52/488 (10,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,66 a 1,76)</td>
                <td align="center">0,75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sedentarismo</td>
                <td align="center">49/449 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,14 (0,71 a 1,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,57</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC</td>
                <td align="center">42/396 (10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,49 (0,65 a 1,67)</td>
                <td align="center">0,84</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabete Melito</td>
                <td align="center">20/228 (8,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,77 (0,45 a 1,31)</td>
                <td align="center">0,33</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">23/169 (3,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (0,89 a 2,52)</td>
                <td align="center">0,12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">20/167 (12,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1,22 (0,71 a 2,11)</td>
                <td align="center">0,44</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>CRM pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">19/170 (11,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1,11 (0,64 a 1,92)</td>
                <td align="center">0,70</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ICP pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">22/201 (10,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,64 a 1,82)</td>
                <td align="center">0,76</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IRC pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">10/58 (17,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1,91 (0,92 a 3,94)</td>
                <td align="center">0,08</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neoplasia</td>
                <td align="center">12/42 (28,6)</td>
                <td align="center">3,88 (1,90 a 7,94)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AVC pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">3/18 (16,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1,75 (0,49 a 6,19)</td>
                <td align="center">0,38</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>ICC</td>
                <td align="center">2/17 (11,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,15 (0,25 a 5,13)</td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAP</td>
                <td align="center">1/15 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,61 (0,07 a 4,70)</td>
                <td align="center">0,63</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DPOC</td>
                <td align="center">10/40 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">3,14 (1,47 a 6,71)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC com estenose <underline>&gt;</underline> 50%</td>
                <td align="center">0/32 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,13 (0,01 a 0,90)</td>
                <td align="center">0,15</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Arritmia</td>
                <td align="center">2/47 (4,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,36 (0,08 a 1,54)</td>
                <td align="center">0,17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Medicamentos pr&#233;vios</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">40/399 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,95 (0,57 a 1,46)</td>
                <td align="center">0,72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AAS</td>
                <td align="center">36/365 (9,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,89 (0,56 a 1,43)</td>
                <td align="center">0,64</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Betabloqueador</td>
                <td align="center">33/295 (11,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1,14 (0,71 a 1,84)</td>
                <td align="center">0,56</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>BRA</td>
                <td align="center">29/265 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,09 (0,67 a 1,77)</td>
                <td align="center">0,71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipoglicemiante oral</td>
                <td align="center">18/185 (9,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,90 (0,52 a 1,58)</td>
                <td align="center">0,73</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diur&#233;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">22/164 (13,4)</td>
                <td align="center">1,46 (0,86 a 2,47)</td>
                <td align="center">0,15</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nitrato</td>
                <td align="center">14/118 (11,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,19 (0,64 a 2,20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,56</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>BCCa</td>
                <td align="center">12/118 (10,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 (0,50 a 1,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,93</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IECA</td>
                <td align="center">18/117 (15,4)</td>
                <td align="center">1,73 (0,98 a 3,05)</td>
                <td align="center">0,06</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Clopidogrel</td>
                <td align="center">9/107 (8,4)</td>
                <td align="center">0,76 (0,37 a 1,58)</td>
                <td align="center">0,46</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Anticoagulante</td>
                <td align="center">2/17 (11,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,15 (0,25 a 5,13)</td>
                <td align="center">0,85</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insulina</td>
                <td align="center">4/34 (11,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,15 (0,39 a 3,37)</td>
                <td align="center">0,78</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos iniciais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt; 90 mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">2/7 (28,6)</td>
                <td align="center">3,51 (0,67 a 18,4)</td>
                <td align="center">0,13</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 bpm</td>
                <td align="center">12/66 (18,2)</td>
                <td align="center">2,08 (1,06 a 4,08)</td>
                <td align="center">0,03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dispneia</td>
                <td align="center">9/59 (15,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1,62 (0,76 a 3,44)</td>
                <td align="center">0,20</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Classe Killip <underline>&gt;</underline> 2</td>
                <td align="center">10/39 (25,6)</td>
                <td align="center">3,26 (1,52 a 6,97)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infra ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 0,5 mm</td>
                <td align="center">12/94 (12,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,25 (0,65 a 2,41)</td>
                <td align="center">0,49</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Supra ST <underline>&gt;</underline> 1 mm</td>
                <td align="center">14/115 (12,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1,18 (0,64 a 2,19)</td>
                <td align="center">0,59</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Qualquer desvio ST</td>
                <td align="center">26/209 (12,4)</td>
                <td align="center">1,26 (0,77 a 2,08)</td>
                <td align="center">0,35</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;veis laboratoriais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Leuc&#243;citos &gt; 9,750/mm<sup>3</sup>
								</td>
                <td align="center">32/226 (14,2)</td>
                <td align="center">1,69 (1,05 a 2,73)</td>
                <td align="center">0,03</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicemia <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">53/454 (11,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1,42 (0,86 a 2,35)</td>
                <td align="center">0,16</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemat&#243;crito &lt; 39,0%</td>
                <td align="center">27/182 (14,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,50 (0,88 a 2,51)</td>
                <td align="center">0,11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina &lt; 14,5 g/dL</td>
                <td align="center">38/235 (16,2)</td>
                <td align="center">2,26 (1,41 a 3,63)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">25/142 (17,6)</td>
                <td align="center">2,22 (1,33 a 3,72)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><italic>Clearance</italic> de creatinina <underline>&lt;</underline> 30
                           mL/min</td>
                <td align="center">5/23 (21,7)</td>
                <td align="center">2,48 (0,89 a 6,88)</td>
                <td align="center">0,08</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Colesterol total <underline>&gt;</underline> 200 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">13/123 (10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,10 (0,58 a 2,10)</td>
                <td align="center">0,75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LDL colesterol &gt; 100 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">26/252 (10,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,08 (0,64 a 1,83)</td>
                <td align="center">0,75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HDL colesterol &lt; 40 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">42/420 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1,06 (0,62 a 1,82)</td>
                <td align="center">0,81</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Triglic&#233;rides &gt; 150 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">29/314 (9,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,88 (0,52 a 1,48)</td>
                <td align="center">0,64</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Troponina &gt; 14,3 ng/mL</td>
                <td align="center">32/197 (16,2)</td>
                <td align="center">2,10 (1,36 a 3,61)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>FEVE &lt; 40%</td>
                <td align="center">13/49 (26,5)</td>
                <td align="center">3,51 (1,62 a 7,17)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica</td>
                <td align="center">6/16 (37,5)</td>
                <td align="center">5,51 (1,94 a 15,61)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>HAS: Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DAC: Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; IAM:
                        Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio CRM: Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio;
                        ICP: Interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea; IRC: Insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica;
                        AVC: Acidente vascular cerebral; ICC: Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva;
                        DAP: Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica; DPOC: Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica;
                        AAS: &#193;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico; BRA: Bloqueador dos receptores de angiotensina
                        II; IECA: Inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina; BCC: Bloqueador de
                        canais de c&#225;lcio; FEVE: Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O modelo multivariado final &#233; composto dos seguintes preditores: troponina I &gt;14.3
               ng/mL; doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; neoplasia; fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo
               esquerdo &lt; 40%; creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL; hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL;
               tromb&#243;lisequ&#237;mica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t06">tabela 6</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t06">
          <label>Tabela 6</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resultados da an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada associada ao
                     sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o (escore) para o modelo final no seguimento de 6
                     meses</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <thead style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid">
              <tr>
                <th align="left">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Coef. de regress&#227;o</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>OR IC95%</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Valor-p</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center">
                  <bold>Escore</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Troponina I &gt; 14,3 ng/mL</td>
                <td align="center">0,47</td>
                <td align="center">1,62 (0,95 a 2,73)</td>
                <td align="center">0,07</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DPOC</td>
                <td align="center">0,89</td>
                <td align="center">2,44 (1,10 a 5,44)</td>
                <td align="center">0,03</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neoplasia</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">2,73 (1,27 a 5,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>FEVE &lt; 40%</td>
                <td align="center">0,90</td>
                <td align="center">2,46 (1,18 a 5,12)</td>
                <td align="center">0,01</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina &gt; 1,2 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">0,50</td>
                <td align="center">1,65 (0,95 a 2,85)</td>
                <td align="center">0,07</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL</td>
                <td align="center">0,69</td>
                <td align="center">2,00 (1,21 a 3,32)</td>
                <td align="center">0,007</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                <td>Tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica</td>
                <td align="center">1,52</td>
                <td align="center">4,59 (1,47 a 14,34)</td>
                <td align="center">0,008</td>
                <td align="center">15</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn>
              <p>DPOC: Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; FEVE: Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do
                        ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Observamos <italic>performance</italic> global adequada na amostra de desenvolvimento
               (Brier score = 0,09). Tamb&#233;m verificamos razo&#225;vel capacidade de discrimina&#231;&#227;o (&#225;rea
               sob a curva ROC = 0,69(IC 95%: 0,62a 0,76)) e calibra&#231;&#227;o adequada (Hosmer-Lemeshow
               com p = 0,38).</p>
        <p>Na amostra de valida&#231;&#227;o interna, observamos boa <italic>performance</italic> (Brier
               score = 0,08) e razo&#225;vel capacidade de discrimina&#231;&#227;o (&#225;rea sob a curva ROC =
               0,69).</p>
        <p>Classificamos pacientes com escore de 0 como baixo risco, entre 5 e 7 como risco
               intermedi&#225;rio e 8 ou mais como alto risco. Do total de pacientes, 316 (46,3%) foram
               de baixo risco, 262 (34,5%) de risco intermedi&#225;rio e 146 (19,2%) de alto risco. A
               probabilidade do desfecho prim&#225;rio observada em 6 meses foi de 6,0%, 7,3% e 19,6% nos
               grupos de baixo, intermedi&#225;rio e alto risco, respectivamente (p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Principais resultados</title>
        <p>Neste estudo envolvendo pacientes com SCA, recrutados consecutivamente em um hospital
               terci&#225;rio privado, elaboramos escores para predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos adversos em 30 dias e
               6 meses (Escore HCor). O escore de 30 dias &#233; composto das vari&#225;veis preditorasidade &#8805;
               70 anos, troponina I &gt; 12,4 ng/mL, antecedente de neoplasia, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do
               ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40% e tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica. As vari&#225;veis preditoras do escore
               de 6 meses s&#227;o troponina I &gt; 14,3 ng/mL, antecedente de DPOC, antecedente de
               neoplasia, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40%, creatinina &gt; 1,2
               mg/dL, hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL e tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica. Os modelos finais, tanto para
               predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos em 30 dias como para 6 meses, apresentaram boa
                  <italic>performance</italic> global, boa capacidade de discrimina&#231;&#227;o e adequada
               calibra&#231;&#227;o. A <italic>performance</italic> global e a discrimina&#231;&#227;o mantiveram-se
               boas nas amostras de valida&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Significado dos resultados</title>
        <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o a modelos progn&#243;sticos anteriores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, identificamos
               vari&#225;veis comuns a v&#225;rios deles, como idade elevada, troponina I elevada, e, no
               modelo de 6 meses, creatinina elevada. Por outro lado, em nosso modelo de 30 dias,
               identificamos preditores independentes que n&#227;o aparecem nos modelos pr&#233;vios, como
               antecedentes de neoplasia, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40% e uso de
               tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica. No modelo de 6 meses, as vari&#225;veis antecedente de DPOC,
               antecedente de neoplasia, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 40%,
               hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL e tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica tamb&#233;m n&#227;o fazem parte de outros
               modelos.</p>
        <p>Acreditamos que antecedentes de neoplasia foram identificados como preditores
               independentes de eventos adversos por v&#225;rias raz&#245;es: 1) o tratamento das doen&#231;as
               oncol&#243;gicas tem resultado em aumento da sobrevida permitindo que complica&#231;&#245;es como
               SCA se apresentem como descompensa&#231;&#245;es agudas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>; 2) o c&#226;ncer induz a estado pr&#243;-tromb&#243;tico que pode aumentar o risco de
                  SCA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>; 3) diversos quimioter&#225;picos e a radioterapia s&#227;o
               cardiot&#243;xicos, com manifesta&#231;&#245;es como miocardite, pericardite, SCA e arritimias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>; 4) o c&#226;ncer &#233; associado a maior incid&#234;ncia de plaquetopenia,
               predispondo a sangramentos, afetando o componente sangramento maior do desfecho
               prim&#225;rio combinado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>; 5) finalmente, a
               mortalidade em 30 dias e 6 meses dos pacientes com c&#226;ncer que apresentam SCA pode ser
               afetada pela SCA, mas tamb&#233;m pelo pr&#243;prio curso da neoplasia.</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo apontou fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo abaixo de 40% como
               preditor independente para os modelos de 30 e 60 dias. Em outros modelos progn&#243;sticos
               n&#227;o foi considerada a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, provavelmente por n&#227;o
               disponibilidade da vari&#225;vel nas primeiras horas para a maioria dos pacientes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. No entanto, em nossa rotina, todos os pacientes fazem ecocardiograma
               nas primeiras horas.</p>
        <p>A imensa maioria dos pacientes com IAM com SST &#233; tratada com interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana
               percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria em nosso servi&#231;o, poucos s&#227;o submetidos a tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica. A
               tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica est&#225; associada a maior incid&#234;ncia de &#243;bito, reinfarto ou AVC em
               compara&#231;&#227;o a ICP prim&#225;ria em pacientes com IAM com SST<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>. Acreditamos que essa &#233; a principal raz&#227;o para que o uso de tromb&#243;lise
               qu&#237;mica tenha sido preditor independente de eventos em 30 dias e 6 meses.</p>
        <p>Antecedente de doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica foi preditor independentemente do
               desfecho prim&#225;rio em 6 meses. Diversos estudos demonstram que a doen&#231;a pulmonar
               obstrutiva cr&#244;nica n&#227;o afeta a mortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com SCA, mas
               aumenta a mortalidade a m&#233;dio e longo prazo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>.</p>
        <p>Anemia (hemoglobina &lt; 13,5 g/dL) foi preditor independente do desfecho prim&#225;rio em
               6 meses. A anemia tem alta preval&#234;ncia em pacientes idosos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> e costuma estar associada a outras comorbidades graves como
               neoplasia, insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica, diabete melito e di&#225;tese hemorr&#225;gicas, os
               quais poderiam estar afetando adversamente o risco de morte<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>. Al&#233;m disso, baixos n&#237;veis de hemoglobina aumentam o risco de
               eventos coronarianos isqu&#234;micos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>. Finalmente,
               transfus&#245;es sangu&#237;neas cont&#233;m fatores pr&#243;-tromb&#243;ticos e pr&#243;-inflamat&#243;rios,
               favorecendo a trombose arterial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Resultados no contexto da literatura</title>
        <p>O escore HCor foi desenvolvido a partir de uma amostra consecutiva de pacientes com
               SCA admitidos na rotina. Os modelos, PURSUIT e TIMI, ao contr&#225;rio, foram derivados a
               partir de amostras de pacientes selecionados para estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados, por
               isso, tendo limita&#231;&#245;es na aplicabilidade aos pacientes atendidos na pr&#225;tica
                  cl&#237;nica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. Ainda os escores PURSUIT e Dante s&#227;o espec&#237;ficos para
               pacientes com SCA sem SST, enquanto o modelo HCor &#233; mais vers&#225;til sendo aplic&#225;vel
               pacientes com ou sem SST<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
        <p>O escore HCor &#233; de f&#225;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o, tendo somente cinco vari&#225;veis dicot&#244;micas no
               modelo para 30 dias e 7 vari&#225;veis dicot&#244;micas no modelo de 6 meses. O modelo GRACE
               apresenta a melhor discrimina&#231;&#227;o entre os escores mais utilizados, entretanto, sua
               aplica&#231;&#227;o sem aux&#237;lio de dispositivo eletr&#244;nico &#233; mais complexa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
        <p>O escore Dante foi desenvolvido a partir de pacientes brasileiros com SCA sem SST
               atendidos em hospital p&#250;blico, portanto, devendo ter maior aplicabilidade no Brasil
               do que modelos desenvolvidos com pacientes de outros pa&#237;ses<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. O modelo HCor tamb&#233;m pode ser uma boa op&#231;&#227;o para aplica&#231;&#227;o em
               pacientes brasileiros, em particular, pacientes atendidos em hospitais privados, que
               podem apresentar caracter&#237;sticas distintas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Essa pesquisa apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es que precisam ser mencionadas. Foi
               realizada em um &#250;nico centro, o que poderia limitar sua validade externa. Por outro
               lado, pode ser particularmente aplic&#225;vel a pacientes com SCA atendidos em outros
               hospitais privados brasileiros. Outra limita&#231;&#227;o &#233; a ocorr&#234;ncia de n&#250;mero limitado de
               eventos, reduzindo a precis&#227;o das estimativas de efeito e possivelmente ter&#237;amos
               inclu&#237;do mais vari&#225;veis nos modelos de 30 dias e seis meses, aumentando sua
                  <italic>performance</italic>. Em nosso estudo, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de tromb&#243;lise foi
               preditor de pior progn&#243;stico, possivelmente por compara&#231;&#227;o com a maioria dos
               pacientes com IAM com SST tratados com ICP prim&#225;ria. &#201; poss&#237;vel que o efeito seja
               neutro ou protetor nos hospitais que tem como principal op&#231;&#227;o de reperfus&#227;otromb&#243;lise
               qu&#237;mica. Por fim, &#233; necess&#225;ria valida&#231;&#227;o externa, ou seja, que a
                  <italic>performance</italic> dos escores HCor de 30 dias e 6 meses seja avaliada
               em outras popula&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>Esse estudo tamb&#233;m t&#234;m diversas virtudes. Al&#233;m da facilidade de uso, boa
               discrimina&#231;&#227;o e calibra&#231;&#227;o dos modelos, j&#225; mencionados previamente, destacamos o
               rigor metodol&#243;gico na execu&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa. Derivamos os modelos a partir de coorte
               prospectiva, com coleta de dados utilizando fichas cl&#237;nicas padronizadas, com
               vari&#225;veis preditoras e desfechos bem definidos. Todos os pacientes com SCA internados
               no per&#237;odo do estudo foram inclu&#237;dos, exceto aqueles que n&#227;o deram consentimento,
               minimizando vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o. Finalmente, realizamos valida&#231;&#227;o interna com t&#233;cnica de
                  <italic>bootstrap</italic>, confirmando a boa discrimina&#231;&#227;o e calibra&#231;&#227;o dos
               modelos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Os escores HCor para predi&#231;&#227;o de morte, IAM ou reinfarto n&#227;o fatal, AVC n&#227;o fatal,
            parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria revertida ou sangramento maior em 30 dias ou 6 meses s&#227;o de
            f&#225;cil utiliza&#231;&#227;o e apresentam boa discrimina&#231;&#227;o e <italic>performance</italic>. Podem
            ser &#250;teis para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de progn&#243;stico de pacientes com SCA com ou sem SST
            atendidos em hospitais brasileiros, particularmente, nos hospitais privados. S&#227;o
            necess&#225;rios estudos que validem o modelo em amostras independentes de pacientes, como
            pacientes brasileiros atendidos em hospitais privados e p&#250;blicos.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Edson Renato Romano pelo Instituto Dante
               Pazzanese de Cardiologia e Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic Score for Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Private
               Terciary Hospital</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Edson Renato</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Liguori</surname>
            <given-names>Ieda Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farran</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Alcantara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Egito</surname>
            <given-names>Rosa Maria Pimentel do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Luz Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Werneck</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Avellar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Egito</surname>
            <given-names>Enilton Sergio Tabosa do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Biasi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Piegas</surname>
            <given-names>Leopoldo Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o,
               S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Coron&#225;ria - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;os, S&#227;o
               Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff06">
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa - Hospital do
               Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address:</bold> Edson Renato Romano. Rua Rio de Janeiro, 347, apto.
               401, Higien&#243;polis. Postal Code 01240-010, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>eromano@cardiol.br</email>, <email>eromano@hcor.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Romano ER, Liguori IM, Piegas LS;
                  Acquisition of data: Romano ER, Liguori IM, FarranJA, Egito RMP, Romano MLP,
                  WerneckVA, Barbosa MAO, Egito EST; Analysis and interpretation of the data and
                  Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Romano ER, Piegas
                  LS; Statistical analysis: Romano ER; Writing of the manuscript: Romano ER,
                  Cavalcanti AB, Piegas LS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p> Available predictive models for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have limitations
                  as they have been elaborated some years ago or limitations with applicability.
               </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p> To develop scores for predicting adverse events in 30 days and 6 months in
                  ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation ACS patients admitted to private
                  tertiary hospital. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p> Prospective cohort of ACS patients admitted between August, 2009 and June, 2012.
                  Our primary composite outcome for both the 30-day and 6-month models was death
                  from any cause, myocardial infarction or re-infarction, cerebrovascular accident
                  (CVA), cardiac arrest and major bleeding. Predicting variables were selected for
                  clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and therapeutic data. The final model
                  was obtained with multiple logistic regression and submitted to internal
                  validation with bootstrap analysis. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p> We considered 760 patients for the development sample, of which 132 had
                  ST-segment elevation ACS and 628 non-ST-segment elevation ACS. The mean age was
                  63.2 &#177; 11.7 years, and 583 were men (76.7%). The final model to predict 30-day
                  events is comprised by five independent variables: age &#8805; 70 years, history of
                  cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt; 40%, troponin I &gt; 12.4
                  ng /ml and chemical thrombolysis. In the internal validation, the model showed
                  good discrimination with C-statistic of 0.71. The predictors in the 6-month event
                  final model are: history of cancer, LVEF &lt; 40%, chemical thrombolysis, troponin
                  I &gt;14.3 ng/ml, serum creatinine&gt;1.2 mg/dl, history of chronic obstructive
                  pulmonary disease and hemoglobin &lt; 13.5 g/dl. In the internal validation, the
                  model had good performance with C-statistic of 0.69. </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p> We have developed easy to apply scores for predicting 30-day and 6-month adverse
                  events in patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation ACS.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Probability</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitals, Private</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="37"/>
        <page-count count="1"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The epidemiological relevance of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly coronary
               artery disease (CAD), is widely recognized. CAD is one of the main causes of death in
               the country, [Remark 2] particularly in patients with acute coronary syndrome
                  (ACS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. Despite optimized treatment with potent anti-ischemic and
               anti-thrombotic drugs and the array of technologies available for the diagnosis and
               treatment of ACS, there is still a high incidence of death and recurrent acute
               myocardial infarction (AMI) after hospital discharge. The estimated rates vary
               between 5% and 10% within a month after the acute event, and the long-term risk is
                  high<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>.</p>
        <p>Patients with ACS are a heterogeneous population with distinct clinical conditions
               and variable prognosis both in the short and long term; the latter is particularly
               observed in individuals affected by ACS without ST elevation. Therefore, the
               probability of complications, particularly death and cardiovascular events during
               disease progression, led to the development of risk prediction models. These models
               have become essential for decision-making about the best therapeutic strategy and
               transfer of serious cases to more resourceful facilities and to avoid unnecessary
               tests and prolonged hospitalizations of low-risk cases, which is relevant for the
               adequate management of hospital beds<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>.</p>
        <p>There are several prognostic models for patients with ACS; however, these can present
               with limitations in terms of calibration or discrimination, either because they were
               designed several years ago<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> or because they were developed using samples
               selected from clinical trials<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
					<sup>-</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. One model was
               developed for the Brazilian population; however, it only involved patients with ACS
               and no ST elevation who were treated at a public hospital<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. This study aimed to develop scores for the prediction of
               adverse events at 30 days and 6 months in a nonselected population of patients with
               ST-elevation ACS (STE-ACS) or non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) treated at a private
               tertiary hospital.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Design</title>
          <p>This prospective study reviewed patients admitted to the Coronary Unit of the
                  Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP between August 1, 2009 and June 20,
                  2012. HCor is a tertiary philanthropic hospital that admits private patients and
                  patients with insurance protocols. The study protocol was approved by the Hcor
                  Research Ethics Committee, and all patients provided written informed consent
                  before participation.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Patients</title>
          <p>Male and female patients with STE-ACS or NSTE-ACS who were aged &#8805;18 years and
                  hospitalized in the Coronary Unit of the HCor hospital during the abovementioned
                  period were included. Patients who did not provide written informed consent
                  document and those with serious cognitive impairments (which could limit the
                  study) were excluded.</p>
          <p>Creatinine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin I levels were used as biomarkers
                  of myocardial necrosis. The criteria recommended by the "Universal Definition of
                  Myocardial Infarction" of 2007<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> were used
                  for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), clinical reinfarction, or
                  infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or myocardial
                  revascularization surgery. The definition of unstable angina was based on the
                  Braunwald classification<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Predictor variables</title>
          <p>The predictor variables were selected from clinical, laboratory,
                  electrocardiography, and echocardiography data obtained within the first 48 hours.
                  In addition, the therapy administered in the first 12 hours after admission was
                  selected as a variable. The clinical variables included age; gender; history of
                  angina, AMI, PCI, myocardial revascularization surgery, stroke, diabetes mellitus,
                  heart failure, chronic renal failure renal, sedentarism, smoking, chronic
                  obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arterial coronary disease with stenosis &#8805;
                  50%, peripheral arterial disease, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension,
                  cancer, and cardiac arrhythmia; family history of CAD; use of medications prior to
                  hospitalization (aspirin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II
                  receptor blockers, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, statins, angiotensin II converting
                  enzyme inhibitors, digitalis, nitrate, diuretic, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and oral
                  anticoagulant drugs); and initial clinical data (systolic arterial pressure, heart
                  rate, dyspnea, syncope, Killip class).</p>
          <p>Among the laboratory variables, we analyzed the poorest values observed within the
                  first 48 hours after hospitalization. The laboratory variables evaluated as
                  predictors included leucocyte count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, glucose
                  levels, creatinine levels, creatinine clearance, total cholesterol and cholesterol
                  fractions, C-reactive protein (CRP) ultrasensitive levels, triglyceride levels,
                  and troponin levels.</p>
          <p>The electrocardiography findings considered to be potential predictors included an
                  elevated ST segment (&#8805;1 mm), ST depression (&#8805;0.5 mm), or a combined finding
                  characterized by the presence of one of the abovementioned alterations. The left
                  ventricular ejection fraction was measured using the Simpson method within the
                  first 48 hours of admission using transthoracic echocardiography. With regard to
                  therapeutic interventions, we considered the use of chemical thrombolysis as a
                  potential predictor.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical outcome and follow-up</title>
          <p>The composite primary outcome was defined as the occurrence of death from any
                  cause, AMI, or nonfatal reinfarction, nonfatal stroke, major bleeding, or
                  cardiorespiratory arrest that could be reversed in a period of 30 days or 6
                  months, depending on the model under study. Major bleeding was defined as the loss
                  of blood accompanied by a decrease in Hb levels by &gt; 3.0 g/dL or &gt; 4.0 g/dL;
                  intracranial, intraocular, or retroperitoneal bleeding; and/or transfusion of 2 or
                  more units of red blood cells<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>. The 30-day
                  and 6-month follow-up was conducted via telephone interview with the patient or
                  family.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Continuous variables of skewed and normal distribution are expressed as medians
                  (interquartile ranges) and means &#177; standard deviations, respectively. Normality
                  was assessed through visual inspection of histograms. Categorical variables are
                  expressed using absolute and relative frequencies. All significance probabilities
                  (p-values) were two-sided, and values of &#8804; 0.05 were considered statistically
                  significant. SAS software, version 9.3, was used for the statistical analysis of
                  data.</p>
          <p>Multivariate analysis via binary multiple logistic regression was used to identify
                  covariables associated with the occurrence of the binary outcome. Initially,
                  univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to test the
                  association between each covariable and the binary response variable. In these
                  analyses, when the phenomenon of data separation was observed<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>, p-values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated
                  using the method of restricted maximum likelihood<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>. Covariables with a p-value of &lt; 0.10 as per univariate
                  regression analyses were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis
                  using the method (conventional) of maximum likelihood and variable selection using
                  backward elimination. A p-value of &lt; 0.10 was used as a criterion for retaining
                  variables in the final model<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. The
                  assumption of linearity in the logit scale (log-odds) between each quantitative
                  covariable and the binary response variable in binary logistic regression analysis
                  was assessed by examination of smoothed scatter plots<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>. When the assumption was not met, continuous covariables
                  were dichotomized for logistic regression using a cutt-off point described in the
                  literature or established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
                  analysis. The cut-off that maximized the sum of sensitivity and specificity minus
                  one (Youden index) was determined<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>.
                  Multicolinearity was assessed in the covariables that exhibited a p-value of &lt;
                  0.10 in univariate regression analysis via estimation of variance inflation factor
                  (VIF). VIF values of &gt; 2.5 were used as indicators of considerable
                     multicollinearity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>.</p>
          <p>Overall performance, calibration, and the discriminatory power of the final
                  multiple logistic regression model were assessed using the Brier score, the
                  Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and the area under the ROC (AROC) curve, respectively. The
                  Brier score for a model can vary between 0 (perfect model) and 0.25
                  (noninformative model)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. A p value of &gt;
                  0.05 as per the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicates that the model is calibrated, i.e.,
                  the probabilities predicted by the model adequately reflect event occurrence. In
                  general, the following interpretation for AROC was considered: AROC = 0.5, absence
                  of discrimination; 0.5 &#8804; AROC &lt; 0.7, discrimination of little relevance; 0.7 &#8804;
                  AROC &lt; 0.8, acceptable discrimination; 0.8 &#8804; AROC &lt; 0.9, excellent
                  discrimination; AROC &#8805; 0.9, near perfect discrimination<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>.</p>
          <p>Internal validation of the multiple logistic regression model was performed via
                  bootstrap analysis based on 200 replications<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>. This method
                  has shown better performance than other methods of internal validation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>. The performance of the internal validation
                  model was assessed using the Brier score and AROC curve.</p>
          <p>Next, a weighted risk score was calculated using the coefficients of the multiple
                  logistic regression model. These coefficients were converted into scores by
                  multiplying them by 10 and rounding them to the nearest whole number, which were
                  sequentially added to produce a total aggregate score of<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>.</p>
          <p>Risk groups were defined on the basis of the score frequency distribution, and the
                  proportion of events was compared among groups according to the Cochran-Armitage
                  linear trend test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background Characteristics</title>
          <p>The study included 760 patients, of which 278 (36.5%) had non-ST-elevation AMI,
                  350 (46.0%) had unstable angina, and 132 (17.3%) had ST-elevation AMI. The mean
                  age was 63.2 &#177; 11.7 years, and the majority of patients were male (76.7%). The
                  remaining background characteristics are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t07">Table 1</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t07">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Background characteristics of the study sample (n = 760)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Electrocardiogram findings, n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td> ST-segment depression <underline>&gt;</underline> 0.5 mm</td>
                  <td align="center"> 94 (12.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST-segment elevation <underline>&gt;</underline> 1 mm in other
                              leads</td>
                  <td align="center"> 115 (15.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Any ST-segment shift</td>
                  <td align="center"> 209 (28.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Laboratory tests</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total leukocyte count (mm<sup>3</sup>): mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 8.974 &#177; 4.554</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Platelets (mm<sup>3</sup>), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 217.407 &#177; 78.076</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hematocrit (%), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 41.8 &#177; 5.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 14.1 &#177; 2.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glucose (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 118 &#177; 42.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Potassium (mEq/L), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 4.3 &#177; 1.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 1.1 &#177; 0.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine clearance (mL/m), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 91.0 &#177; 39.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 166.9 &#177; 44.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 98.1 &#177; 39.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 38.1 &#177; 10.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CRPus (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)</td>
                  <td align="center"> 6.6 (2.5-21.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Uric acid (mEq/L), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 5.7 &#177; 2.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tryglicerides (mg/dL), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center"> 175.1 &#177; 152.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponin (ng/mL), median (interquartile range)</td>
                  <td align="center"> 1.7 (0.19-16.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;&#160;40%, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center"> 49 (6.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <td>Chemical thrombolysis, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center"> 16 (2.1)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary arterial disease; LDL:
                           low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; CRPus:
                           ultrasensitive C-reactive protein.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Outcomes</title>
          <p>Death, AMI or nonfatal reinfarction, nonfatal stroke, major bleeding, or
                  reversible cardiorespiratory arrest was observed in 52 patients at the 30-day
                  follow-up and 79 patients at the 6-month follow-up. The incidence of each outcome
                  is shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t08">Table 2</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t08">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Incidence of the primary outcome variables</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Events</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>30 days n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center">
                    <bold>6 months n (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>Combined outcome</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (6.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">79 (10.4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>Death from any cause</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (3.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>AMI or nonfatal reinfarction</td>
                  <td align="center">08 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (2.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>Nonfatal stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">08 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (1.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>Major bleeding</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (2.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (2.9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td>Reversible cardiorespiratory arrest</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (1.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (1.3)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Score at 30 days</title>
          <p>The results of univariate logistic regression analyses are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t09">Table 3</xref>. The variables associated with the
                  primary outcome (p &lt; 0.10 ) at 30 days were age &#8805; 70 years, history of cancer,
                  history of diuretic use, history of angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor
                  use, Killip class II or more, leukocytes &gt; 11,200/mm<sup>3</sup>, hematocrit
                  &lt; 41.9%, hemoglobin &lt; 14 g/dL, creatinine &gt; 1.2 mg/dL, ultrasensitive CRP
                  &gt; 11 mg/dL, troponin &gt; 12.4 ng/mL, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;
                  40%, and use of chemical thrombolysis.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t09">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Results of the univariate logistic regression models for the prediction
                        of the combined outcome at 30 days</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th rowspan="2" align="center">
                    <bold>Events at 30 days</bold>
                    <bold> number of events/total number in the group (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center">
                    <bold>Univariate model</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Odds ratio (95% CI)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>p value</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age &gt;&#160;70 years</td>
                  <td align="center">25/240 (10.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.12 (1.20 to 3.74)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Women</td>
                  <td align="center">12/177 (6.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.99 (0.51 to 1.93)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Medical history, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SAH</td>
                  <td align="center">39/571 (6.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.99 (0.52 to 1.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.98</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">32/488 (6.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,88 (0.50 to 1.58)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.68</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sedentarism</td>
                  <td align="center">35/449 (7.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,46 (0.80 to 2.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.21</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Family history of CAD</td>
                  <td align="center">28/396 (7.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.08 (0.61 to 1.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.79</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">12/228 (5.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.68 (0.35 to 1.33)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.26</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoking</td>
                  <td align="center">14/169 (8.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.32 (0.70 to 2.49)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.40</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous AMI</td>
                  <td align="center">16/167 (9.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.63 (0.88 to 3.03)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous MRS</td>
                  <td align="center">13/170 (7.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.17 (0.61 to 2.25)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.64</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous PCI</td>
                  <td align="center">13/201 (6.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.92 (0.48 to 1.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.81</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous CRF</td>
                  <td align="center">6/58 (10.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.65 (0.67 to 4.03)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.28</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cancer</td>
                  <td align="center">8/42 (19.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.60 (1.57 to 8.25)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">1/18 (5.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.80 (0.10 to 6.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.83</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CCF</td>
                  <td align="center">2/17 (11.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.85 (0.41 to 8.31)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.42</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAD</td>
                  <td align="center">1/15 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97 (0.12 to 7.54)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>COPD</td>
                  <td align="center">5/40 (12.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.04 (0.76 to 5.46)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CAD with stenosis <underline>&gt;</underline> 50%</td>
                  <td align="center">0/32 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.20 (0.00 to 1.43)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.26</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arrhythmia</td>
                  <td align="center">2/47 (4.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.59 (0.14 to 2.50)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.47</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Previous medications</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Statin</td>
                  <td align="center">26/399 (6.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.89 (0.51 to 1.57)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ASA</td>
                  <td align="center">26/365 (7.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.08 (0.62 to 1.91)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.76</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Beta blocker</td>
                  <td align="center">20/295 (6.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.98 (0.55 to 1.75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.95</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ARB</td>
                  <td align="center">18/265 (6.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.98 (0.55 to 1.78)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.96</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Oral hypoglycemic</td>
                  <td align="center">11/185 (5.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.82 (0.41 to 1.63)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.57</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diuretic</td>
                  <td align="center">16/164 (9.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.68 (0.90 to 3.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.09</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nitrate</td>
                  <td align="center">11/118 (9.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.50 (0.75 to 3.02)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CCB</td>
                  <td align="center">9/118 (7.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.15 (0.54 to 2.42)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.71</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ACEI</td>
                  <td align="center">13/117 (11.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.93 (0.99 to 3.75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.05</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Clopidogrel</td>
                  <td align="center">7/107 (6.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.94 (0.41 to 2.15)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.89</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Anticoagulant</td>
                  <td align="center">1/17 (5.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.84 (0.11 to 6.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.87</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insulin</td>
                  <td align="center">3/34 (8.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.33 (0.39 to 4.53)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.64</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Initial clinical data</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Systolic arterial pressure &lt;&#160;90 mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">0/7 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.89 (0.00 to 7.48)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.94</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Heart rate <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 bpm</td>
                  <td align="center">6/66 (9.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.40 (0.57 to 3.43)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.45</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyspnea</td>
                  <td align="center">5/59 (8.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.28 (0.49 to 3.37)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.60</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Killip class <underline>&gt;</underline> 2</td>
                  <td align="center">7/35 (17.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.28 (1.37 to 7.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Electrocardiogram findings</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST depression <underline>&gt;</underline> 0.5 mm</td>
                  <td align="center">9/94 (9.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.47 (0.69 to 3.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.31</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST elevation <underline>&gt;</underline> 1 mm</td>
                  <td align="center">8/115 (7.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97 (0.44 to 2.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.95</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Any ST shift</td>
                  <td align="center">17/209 (8.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.24 (0.68 to 2.27)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.48</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Laboratory tests</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leukocytes &gt;&#160;11,200/mm<sup>3</sup>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">17/131 (13.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.51 (1.26 to 4.64)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glucose <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">34/456 (7.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.30 (0.71 to 2.38)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.38</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hematocrit &lt;&#160;41.9%</td>
                  <td align="center">30/348 (8.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.66 (0.94 to 2.94)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.07</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobin &lt;&#160;14.5 g/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">36/419 (8.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.89 (1.03 to 3.48)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine &gt;&#160;1.2 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">17/141 (12.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.28 (1.24 to 4.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.008</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine clearance <underline>&lt;</underline> 30 mL/min</td>
                  <td align="center">3/23 (13.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.10 (0.60 to 7.32)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total cholesterol <underline>&gt;</underline> 200 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">8/123 (6.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.03 (0.46 to 2.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.93</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LDL cholesterol &gt;&#160;100 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">18/252 (7.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.23 (0.65 to 2.31)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.51</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HDL cholesterol &lt;&#160;40 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">26/418 (6.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.94 (0.49 to 1.79)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.85</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CRPus &gt;&#160;11 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">27/254 (10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.47 (1.33 to 4.60)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.04</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tryglicerides &gt;&#160;150 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">20/314 (6.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.01 (0.54 to 1.89)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponin &gt;&#160;12.4 ng/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">25/209 (12.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.66 (1.49 to 4.72)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.0008</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LVEF &lt;&#160;40%</td>
                  <td align="center">11/49 (22.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.70 (2.24 to 9.87)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <td>Chemical thrombolysis</td>
                  <td align="center">5/16 (31.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6.74 (2.25 to 20.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; CAD: coronary arterial disease; AMI:
                           acute myocardial infarction; MRS: myocardial revascularization surgery;
                           PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CRF: chronic renal failure; CCF:
                           congestive cardiac failure; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; COPD:
                           chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; ARB:
                           angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme
                           inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; LVEF: left ventricular ejection
                           fraction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Table 4</xref> shows the results of multiple
                  logistic regression analyses for the 30-day follow-up, associated with the scoring
                  system. The variables in the final model included age &#8805; 70 years, troponin &gt;
                  12.4 ng/dL, history of cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 40%, and
                  use of chemical thrombolysis.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t10">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis associated with the
                        scoring system (score) for the final 30-day model</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Regression coefficient</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>OR 95% CI</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>p value</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Score</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age <underline>&gt;</underline> 70</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7653</td>
                  <td align="center">2.15 (1.16 to 3.99)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.02</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponin I &gt;&#160;12.4 ng/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">0.7875</td>
                  <td align="center">2.20 (1.19 to 4.05)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.01</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cancer</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0327</td>
                  <td align="center">2.81 (1.17 to 6.75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.02</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LVEF &lt;&#160;40%</td>
                  <td align="center">1.0817</td>
                  <td align="center">2.95 (1.33 to 6.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.008</td>
                  <td align="center">11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <td>Use of chemical thrombolysis</td>
                  <td align="center">1.7752</td>
                  <td align="center">5.90 (1.76 to 19.83)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.004</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>In the development sample, the overall performance of the final model was adequate
                  (Brier score = 0.06). The discriminatory power of this model, i.e., the model's
                  capacity to discriminate between event and nonevent, was acceptable, with an AROC
                  curve of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.63-0.79]. The model's
                  calibration was adequate (Hosmer-Lemeshow of p = 0.72), i.e., the probabilities
                  predicted by the model adequately reflected event occurrence.</p>
          <p>A good performance was observed in the internal validation sample (Brier score =
                  0.06), similar to the performance observed in the development model. In addition,
                  a good power of discrimination was observed (AROC curve = 0.71).</p>
          <p>Patients were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups according
                  to 30-day scores of 0, 8, or &gt;8, respectively. Totally, 352 (46.3%) patients
                  were at low risk, 262 (34.5%) at intermediate risk, and 146 (19.2%) at high risk.
                  The probability of primary outcome at 30 days was 2.8%, 6.5%, and 17.1% in the
                  low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Score at 6 months</title>
          <p>The variables associated with the primary outcome at 6 months as per the
                  univariate analysis are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t11">Table
                     5</xref>. Variables with p &lt; 0.10 included age &gt; 65 years; history of
                  chronic renal failure, cancer, and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
                  history of angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor use; heart rate &#8805; 100 bpm;
                  Killip class &#8805; 2; leukocytes &gt; 9,750/mm<sup>3</sup>; hemoglobin &lt; 14.5 g/dL;
                  creatinine &gt; 1.2 mg/dL; creatinine clearance &lt; 30 mL/min; troponin I &gt;
                  14.3 ng/mL; left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 40%; and use of chemical
                  thrombolysis.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t11">
            <label>Table 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Results of univariate logistic regression models for the prediction of
                        combined outcome at 6 months</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th rowspan="2" align="center">
                    <bold>Events at 6 months number of events/total number in the group
                                 (%)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2" align="center">
                    <bold>Univariate model</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Odds ratio (95% CI)</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>p value</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age &gt;&#160;65 years</td>
                  <td align="center">45/38 (13.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.75 (1.09 to 2.80)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.02</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Women</td>
                  <td align="center">18/177 (10.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97 (0.55 to 1.68)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.91</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Medical history</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SAH</td>
                  <td align="center">62/571 (10.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.23 (0.70 to 2.16)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.46</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">52/488 (10.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.08 (0.66 to 1.76)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sedentarism</td>
                  <td align="center">49/449 (10.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.14 (0.71 to 1.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.57</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Family history of CAD</td>
                  <td align="center">42/396 (10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.49 (0.65 to 1.67)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.84</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes Mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">20/228 (8.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.77 (0.45 to 1.31)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.33</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoking</td>
                  <td align="center">23/169 (3.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.50 (0.89 to 2.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous AMI</td>
                  <td align="center">20/167 (12.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.22 (0.71 to 2.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.44</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous MRS</td>
                  <td align="center">19/170 (11.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.11 (0.64 to 1.92)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.70</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous PCI</td>
                  <td align="center">22/201 (10.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.08 (0.64 to 1.82)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.76</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous CRF</td>
                  <td align="center">10/58 (17.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.91 (0.92 to 3.94)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.08</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cancer</td>
                  <td align="center">12/42 (28.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.88 (1.90 to 7.94)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">3/18 (16.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.75 (0.49 to 6.19)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.38</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CCF</td>
                  <td align="center">2/17 (11.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.15 (0.25 to 5.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.85</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAD</td>
                  <td align="center">1/15 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.61 (0.07 to 4.70)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.63</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>COPD</td>
                  <td align="center">10/40 (25)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.14 (1.47 to 6.71)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CAD with stenosis <underline>&gt;</underline> 50%</td>
                  <td align="center">0/32 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.13 (0.01 to 0.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Arrhythmia</td>
                  <td align="center">2/47 (4.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.36 (0.08 to 1.54)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Previous medications</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Statin</td>
                  <td align="center">40/399 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.95 (0.57 to 1.46)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.72</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ASA</td>
                  <td align="center">36/365 (9.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.89 (0.56 to 1.43)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.64</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Beta blocker</td>
                  <td align="center">33/295 (11.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.14 (0.71 to 1.84)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.56</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ARB</td>
                  <td align="center">29/265 (10.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.09 (0.67 to 1.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.71</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Oral hypoglycemic</td>
                  <td align="center">18/185 (9.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.90 (0.52 to 1.58)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.73</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diuretic</td>
                  <td align="center">22/164 (13.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.46 (0.86 to 2.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nitrate</td>
                  <td align="center">14/118 (11.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.19 (0.64 to 2.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.56</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CCB</td>
                  <td align="center">12/118 (10.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.97 (0.50 to 1.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.93</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ACEI</td>
                  <td align="center">18/117 (15.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.73 (0.98 to 3.05)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.06</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Clopidogrel</td>
                  <td align="center">9/107 (8.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.76 (0.37 to 1.58)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.46</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Anticoagulant</td>
                  <td align="center">2/17 (11.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.15 (0.25 to 5.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.85</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insulin</td>
                  <td align="center">4/34 (11.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.15 (0.39 to 3.37)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.78</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Initial clinical data</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Systolic arterial pressure &lt;&#160;90 mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">2/7 (28.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.51 (0.67 to 18.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.13</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Heart rate <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 bpm</td>
                  <td align="center">12/66 (18.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.08 (1.06 to 4.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyspnea</td>
                  <td align="center">9/59 (15.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.62 (0.76 to 3.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.20</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Killip class <underline>&gt;</underline> 2</td>
                  <td align="center">10/39 (25.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.26 (1.52 to 6.97)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Electrocardiogram findings</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST depression <underline>&gt;</underline> 0.5mm</td>
                  <td align="center">12/94 (12.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.25 (0.65 to 2.41)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.49</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ST elevation <underline>&gt;</underline> 1mm</td>
                  <td align="center">14/115 (12.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.18 (0.64 to 2.19)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.59</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Any ST shift</td>
                  <td align="center">26/209 (12.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.26 (0.77 to 2.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.35</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Laboratory variables</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leukocytes &gt;&#160;9.750/mm<sup>3</sup>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">32/226 (14.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.69 (1.05 to 2.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.03</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glucose <underline>&gt;</underline> 100 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">53/454 (11.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.42 (0.86 to 2.35)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.16</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hematocrit &lt;&#160;39.0%</td>
                  <td align="center">27/182 (14.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.50 (0.88 to 2.51)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobin &lt;&#160;14.5 g/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">38/235 (16.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.26 (1.41 to 3.63)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine &gt;&#160;1.2 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">25/142 (17.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.22 (1.33 to 3.72)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine clearance <underline>&lt;</underline> 30mL/min</td>
                  <td align="center">5/23(21.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,48 (0.89 to 6.88)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.08</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total cholesterol <underline>&gt;</underline> 200 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">13/123 (10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.10 (0.58 to 2.10)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LDL cholesterol &gt;&#160;100 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">26/252 (10.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.08 (0.64 to 1.83)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HDL cholesterol &lt;&#160;40mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">42/420 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.06 (0.62 to 1.82)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.81</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Triglycerides &gt;&#160;150 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">29/314 (9.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.88 (0.52 to 1.48)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.64</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponin &gt;&#160;14,3 ng/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">32/197 (16.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.10 (1.36 to 3.61)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LVEF &lt;&#160;40%</td>
                  <td align="center">13/49 (26.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.51 (1.62 to 7.17)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <td>Chemical thrombolysis</td>
                  <td align="center">6/16 (37.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.51 (1.94 to 15.61)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; CAD: coronary arterial disease; AMI:
                           acute myocardial infartion; MRS: myocardial revascularization surgery;
                           PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CRF: chronic renal failure; CCF:
                           congestive cardiac failure; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; COPD:
                           chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; ARB:
                           angiotensin II receptor blockers; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme
                           inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; LVEF: left ventricular ejection
                           fraction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The final multivariate model comprised the following predictors: troponin I &gt;
                  14.3 ng/mL, history of COPD and/or cancer, left ventricle ejection fraction &lt;
                  40%, creatinine &gt; 1.2 mg/dL, hemoglobin &lt; 13.5 g/dL, and use of chemical
                  thrombolysis (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">Table 6</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t12">
            <label>Table 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis associated with the
                        scoring system (score) for the final 6-month model</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <thead>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid;border-top:solid">
                  <th align="left">
                    <bold>Variable</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Regression coefficient</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>OR 95% CI</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>p value</bold>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center">
                    <bold>Score</bold>
                  </th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponin I &gt;&#160;14.3 ng/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">0.47</td>
                  <td align="center">1.62 (0.95 to 2.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.07</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>COPD</td>
                  <td align="center">0.89</td>
                  <td align="center">2.44 (1.10 to 5.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.03</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cancer</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">2.73 (1.27 to 5.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.01</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LVEF &lt;&#160;40%</td>
                  <td align="center">090</td>
                  <td align="center">2.46 (1.18 to 5.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.01</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine &gt;&#160;1.2 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">0.50</td>
                  <td align="center">1.65 (0.95 to 2.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.07</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobin &lt;&#160;13.5 g/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">0.69</td>
                  <td align="center">2.00 (1.21 to 3.32)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.007</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom:solid">
                  <td>Chemical thrombolysis</td>
                  <td align="center">1.52</td>
                  <td align="center">4.59 (1.47 to 14,34)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.008</td>
                  <td align="center">15</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn>
                <p>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: left ventricle
                           ejection fraction</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>We observed adequate overall performance in the development sample (Brier score =
                  0.09). Moreover, we observed good discriminatory power (AROC curve = 0.69, 95% CI:
                  0.62-0.76) and adequate calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow of p = 0.38).</p>
          <p>The internal validation sample showed good performance (Brier score = 0.08) and
                  reasonable discriminatory power (AROC curve = 0.69).</p>
          <p>The patients were considered to be at low risk if their score was 0, intermediate
                  risk if their score was 5-7, and high risk if their score was &#8805;8. Among all
                  patients, 316 (46.3%) were at low risk, 262 (34.5%) were at intermediate risk, and
                  146 (19.2%) were at high risk. The probability of observing a primary outcome at 6
                  months was 6.0%, 7.3%, and 19.6% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups,
                  respectively (p &lt; 0.0001).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Main results</title>
          <p>In this study of ACS patients consecutively recruited in a private tertiary
                  hospital, we developed scores for the prediction of adverse events at 30 days and
                  6 months (Hcor score). The 30-day score was based on the following predictor
                  variables: age &#8805; 70 years, troponin I &gt; 12.4 ng/mL, history of cancer, left
                  ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 40%, and use of chemical thrombolysis. The
                  6-month score was based on the following predictor variables: troponin I &gt; 14.3
                  ng/mL, history of COPD, history of cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;
                  40%, creatinine &gt; 1.2 mg/dL, hemoglobin &lt; 13.5 g/dL, and use of chemical
                  thrombolysis. The final models for the prediction of events at 30 days and 6
                  months exhibited good overall performance, good discriminatory power, and adequate
                  calibration. Overall performance and discrimination remained good in the
                  validation samples.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Significance of the study findings</title>
          <p>Our model identified variables common to other previous prognostic models<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, such as advanced age, elevated troponin I, and, in the 6-month
                  model, elevated creatinine. Moreover, in our 30-day model, we identified
                  independent predictors that were not included in the previous models, such as
                  history of neoplasia, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 40%, and use of
                  chemical thrombolysis. In the 6-month model, the variables were history of COPD,
                  history of cancer, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 40%, hemoglobin &lt;
                  13.5 g/dL, and use of chemical thrombolysis; these were also not included in the
                  previous models.</p>
          <p>History of cancer was identified as an independent predictor of adverse events for
                  various reasons. First, cancer treatment has resulted in increased survival rates,
                  which has led to increased occurrence of acute decompensations such as ACS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>. Second, cancer induces a prothrombotic
                  state that can increase the risk of ACS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>. Third, a variety of chemotherapeutic
                  drugs and radiotherapy are cardiotoxic and cause manifestations such as
                  myocarditis, pericardits, ACS, and arrhythmias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>. Fourth, cancer is associated with a
                  higher incidence of thrombocytopenia, predisposing to bleeding and affecting the
                  major bleeding component of the combined primary outcome<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>. Fifth, mortality within 30 days or 6 months among cancer
                  patients can be affected by ACS as well as cancer progression itself.</p>
          <p>Our study identified a left ventricular ejection fraction of &lt;40% as an
                  independent predictor in the 30-day and 60-month models. Left ventricular ejection
                  fraction was not considered in other prognostic models, probably because this
                  variable was not available within the initial few hours for most patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. However, in our routine, all patients underwent echocardiography
                  within the initial few hours.</p>
          <p>In our unit, the majority of patients with ST-elevation AMI are treated with
                  primary PCI; few undergo chemical thrombolysis. Chemical thrombolysis is
                  associated with a higher incidence of death, reinfarction, or stroke when compared
                  with primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation AMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>. This is probably the main reason why the use of chemical
                  thrombolysis was an independent predictor of events at 30 days and 6 months.</p>
          <p>Previous history of COPD was an independent predictor of the primary outcome at 6
                  months. Various studies have shown that although COPD does not affect hospital
                  mortality in patients with ACS, it increases mid- and long-term mortality<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>.</p>
          <p>Anemia (hemoglobin &lt; 13.5 g/dL) was an independent predictor of the primary
                  outcome at 6 months. This condition is highly prevalent in elderly patients<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> and is usually associated with other
                  serious comorbidities such as neoplasia, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus,
                  and bleeding diathesis, which can adversely affect mortality risk<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>. In addition, low hemoglobin levels
                  increase the risk of ischemic coronary events<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>. Finally, blood transfusions contain prothrombotic and
                  proinflammatory factors that favor arterial thrombosis<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results from the literature</title>
          <p>The Hcor score was developed on the basis of a consecutive sample of patients with
                  ACS who were routinely admitted to the unit. On the other hand, the PURSUIT and
                  TIMI models were derived from samples of patients selected to participate in
                  randomized clinical studies; therefore, their applicability to patients is limited
                  in actual clinical practice<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>. In addition, the
                  PURSUIT and Dante scores are specific for patients with STE-ACS, whereas the Hcor
                  model is more versatile and applicable to patients with or without ST
                     elevation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>.</p>
          <p>Our score is easy to use; it includes only five dichotomous variables in the
                  30-day model and 7 dichotomous variables in the 6-month model. The GRACE model
                  shows the best discrimination among the most used scores; however, its application
                  without the help of an electronic device is more complex<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>.</p>
          <p>The Dante score was developed in a study of Brazilian patients with NESTE-ACS
                  treated at a public hospital. Therefore, in Brazil, it has greater applicability
                  compared with models developed in studies of patients from other countries<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>. The Hcor model can also be a good option
                  for Brazilian patients, particularly those treated at private hospitals who
                  present with distinct characteristics.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>This study has some limitations. It was conducted in a single center, and this may
                  limit its external validity. However, it can be specifically applied to patients
                  with ACS treated in other Brazilian private hospitals. Another limitation was the
                  occurrence of a limited number of events, thus decreasing the precision of the
                  estimates of effects; the occurrence of a larger number of events would enable us
                  to include more variables in the 30-day and 6-month models, thus increasing its
                  performance. In our study, the use of chemical thrombolysis was a predictor of
                  worst prognosis, possibly in comparison with the prognosis of primary PCI in most
                  patients with ST-elevation AMI. It is possible that the effect is neutral or
                  protective in hospitals that use chemical thrombolysis for primary reperfusion in
                  patients with ACS. Lastly, external validation is needed, i.e., the validity and
                  reliability of the Hcor scores at 30 days and 6 months need to be assessed in
                  other populations.</p>
          <p>This study also has several strengths. In addition to ease of use and good
                  discriminatory power and calibration of the models as mentioned previously, we
                  emphasize the methodological rigor of the research. We derived the models from a
                  prospective cohort and collected the data using standardized medical records with
                  predictor variables and well-defined outcomes. All patients with ACS hospitalized
                  during the study period were included, with the exception of those who did not
                  give consent, thus minimizing selection bias. Finally, we performed internal
                  validation with bootstrap analysis, which confirmed the good discriminatory power
                  and calibration of the models.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>The Hcor score to predict death, AMI or nonfatal reinfarction, nonfatal stroke,
               reversible cardiorespiratory arrest, or major bleeding at 30 days or 6 months is easy
               to use and exhibits good discriminatory power and performance. The score may be
               useful for prognostic stratification of patients with ACS (with or without ST
               elevation) treated at Brazilian hospitals, particularly in private hospitals. Further
               studies are necessary to validate the model in independent samples of patients such
               as Brazilian patients treated at private and public hospitals.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Edson Renato Romano
                  from Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia e Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
