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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="3.0" article-type="case-report" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">sqsFY8gFWkxtLxN7ZpR386N</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000300015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140026</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Caso 2/2014 - Mulher de 20 Anos com Transposi&#231;&#227;o Corrigida,
               Atresia Pulmonar e Colaterais Sistemicopulmonares</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr. Edmar Atik</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP
                  - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela
               Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail:
               <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>24</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Atresia pulmonar / cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Transposi&#231;&#227;o Corrigida das Grandes Art&#233;rias</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="1"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos:</bold> Evoluiu no decurso da vida com tr&#234;s tipos de exterioriza&#231;&#227;o
         cl&#237;nica. A primeira caracterizava-se por dispneia e taquipneia, do nascimento at&#233; os cinco
         meses de idade, por hiperfluxo pulmonar e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, com cardiomegalia e
         hepatomegalia. A segunda fase se caracterizou por estabilidade, sem sintomas expressivos,
         que se estendeu at&#233; os tr&#234;s anos de idade, presuntivo de fluxo sistemicopulmonar
         balanceado. A terceira fase, com hipofluxo pulmonar, teve cianose discreta com acentua&#231;&#227;o
         h&#225; dois anos. Cansa&#231;o aos esfor&#231;os foi notado h&#225; quatro anos. Manteve satura&#231;&#227;o acima de
         85% e h&#225; dois anos at&#233; 75%, hemoglobina = 17 g/dL e hemat&#243;crito = 62%. </p>
    <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico:</bold> Eupneica, cian&#243;tica +++, pulsos normais, sem turg&#234;ncia jugular.
         Peso: 54 kg; altura: 160 cm; PA: 115/60 mmHg; FC: 78 bpm; satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio = 78%.
         Aorta palpada ++ na f&#250;rcula.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio, ictus cordis no 4.&#186; EIC direito e impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas discretas na BED.
         Segunda bulha hiperfon&#233;tica, +++, na &#225;rea pulmonar, aumenta em dire&#231;&#227;o &#224; BED baixa. Sopro
         cont&#237;nuo discreto e suave, +/++, na &#225;rea pulmonar, com irradia&#231;&#227;o para o dorso. F&#237;gado n&#227;o
         palpado.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Exames complementares</title>
      <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>) mostrava
            ritmo juncional e sinais de sobrecarga do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo posicionado &#224; direita. A
            onda P era negativa em II, III, aVF e precordiais. A morfologia do complexo QRS era RS
            em V1, rs em V6 e Rs em V6R. A onda T era negativa em I, L e mais positiva em V6R que em
            V6. AQRS: +160&#186;, AT: 120&#186;, AP: &#8722;80&#186;.</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra o cora&#231;&#227;o posicionado &#224; direita em situs solitus,
                  com caracter&#237;sticas, conjuntamente com as do eletrocardiograma, da transposi&#231;&#227;o
                  corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, estando o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#224; direita e a aorta
                  &#224; esquerda.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-03-0024-40026-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal (&#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico =
            0,45) &#224; direita em situs solitus (bolha g&#225;strica &#224; esquerda) com arco ventricular
            arredondado &#224; direita. O arco superior &#224; esquerda era longo. Trama vascular pulmonar
            normal e escoliose moderada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> Mostrou cora&#231;&#227;o em dextrocardia e situs solitus. Havia
            discord&#226;ncias atrioventricular e ventriculoarterial, atresia pulmonar (AP) e grande
            comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (CIV) na via de entrada de 25 mm. O tronco pulmonar n&#227;o foi
            visualizado, assim como as art&#233;rias pulmonares. Os di&#226;metros das cavidades eram normais
            e os ventr&#237;culos tinham fun&#231;&#227;o normal. </p>
      <p><bold>Cateterismo:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>) No segundo
            m&#234;s de vida, visualizaram-se art&#233;rias pulmonares hipopl&#225;sicas e confluentes, irrigadas
            por canal arterial, que se dirigiam para o pulm&#227;o direito e o lobo superior esquerdo. O
            vaso colateral sistemicopulmonar da aorta descendente se dirigia para o lobo inferior
            esquerdo. Novo exame recente mostrou vaso superior esquerdo como colateral
            sistemicopulmonar, em vez do canal arterial. A art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda tinha 8 mm; a
            direita, 13 mm com estenose &#224; esquerda (di&#226;metro = 5 mm). As press&#245;es em todo o circuito
            pulmonar eram sist&#234;micas (100/64 mmHg).</p>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia da circula&#231;&#227;o sistemicopulmonar salienta os aspectos anat&#244;micos
                  descritos. As art&#233;rias pulmonares s&#227;o opacificadas por vaso sistemicopulmonar
                  superior esquerdo (A e B) e outro vaso colateral sistemicopulmonar para o lobo
                  inferior esquerdo (D). A art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda mostra estenose n&#237;tida (A e B)
                  e menor que a direita, a qual se dirige para todo o pulm&#227;o direito (C).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-03-0024-40026-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> Transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias (TCGA),
            atresia pulmonar e comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular em dextrocardia e situs solitus. A
            circula&#231;&#227;o pulmonar &#233; nutrida por colateral sistemicopulmonar com hipertens&#227;o arterial
            pulmonar, em hip&#243;xia acentuada e em evolu&#231;&#227;o natural.</p>
      <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> Os elementos cl&#237;nicos de cardiopatias cianog&#234;nicas, que
            se acompanham de AP + CIV, podem ser vari&#225;veis, com sinais ora de hiperfluxo, ora de
            balanceamento de fluxos ou de hipofluxo pulmonar, como se salientou nesse paciente em
            evolu&#231;&#227;o natural. O hiperfluxo inicial cedeu lugar aos demais com o predom&#237;nio do
            per&#237;odo de hipofluxo pulmonar. Nesse paciente, este &#250;ltimo est&#225;dio decorreu da
            acentua&#231;&#227;o da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar, n&#227;o diagnosticada inicialmente. Os outros
            sinais cl&#237;nicos foram indicativos da TCGA: segunda bulha hiperfon&#233;tica na &#225;rea pulmonar,
            que aumenta para BED baixa, orientando que a aorta emerge do ventr&#237;culo direito &#224;
            esquerda, com respaldo na imagem radiogr&#225;fica, na qual a aorta ascendente localiza-se &#224;
            esquerda. O sopro cont&#237;nuo de colaterais expressa a presuntiva atresia pulmonar
            associada. O ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#233; localizado &#224; direita, com orienta&#231;&#227;o da onda T para a
            direita e sobrecarga sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica desse ventr&#237;culo. </p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Cardiopatias do tipo CIV + AP se exteriorizam
            dessa mesma maneira, e o diagn&#243;stico de base das outras anomalias deve ser realizado em
            fun&#231;&#227;o dos outros elementos cl&#237;nicos orientadores, como demonstrado neste caso. </p>
      <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face da hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar reativa acentuada,
            sildenafila foi introduzida na dose de 25 mg, a cada 8 h. Houve da&#237; melhora da
            toler&#226;ncia f&#237;sica e a satura&#231;&#227;o arterial subiu a 85%. </p>
      <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> Essa associa&#231;&#227;o rara, AP + CIV + TCGA e circula&#231;&#227;o pulmonar
            dependente de colaterais sistemicopulmonares foi relatada apenas uma vez na
               literatura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>.</p>
      <p>Em geral, o quadro cl&#237;nico depende de dois defeitos (CIV + AP) orientadores da
            fisiopatologia desse conjunto. Quando a circula&#231;&#227;o colateral se mostra aumentada com
            hiperfluxo pulmonar, em geral sofre estabiliza&#231;&#227;o e diminui&#231;&#227;o posterior, caracterizando
            os est&#225;dios evolutivos. O quadro hipox&#234;mico decorre da diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo pulmonar por
            estenoses da circula&#231;&#227;o sistemicopulmonar ou pelo desenvolvimento de hipertens&#227;o
            pulmonar. Em ambas as situa&#231;&#245;es, o quadro se mostra arrastado naturalmente at&#233; a segunda
            ou terceira d&#233;cada da vida. Por tal fato, a indica&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria desse paciente e de
            outros semelhantes deve ser sempre questionada, contrabalan&#231;ando o aspecto evolutivo
            cl&#237;nico, o p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgico e o risco operat&#243;rio.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Ando M, Duncan BW, Mee RB. Anatomic correction for corrected
               transposition after after pulmonary unifocalization. Ann Thorac
               Surg.2003;75(3):1012-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ando</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duncan</surname>
              <given-names>BW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mee</surname>
              <given-names>RB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomic correction for corrected transposition after
                  after pulmonary unifocalization</article-title>
          <source>Ann Thorac Surg</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>1012</fpage>
          <lpage>1014</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 2/2014 - 20-year-old Woman with Corrected
               Transposition, Pulmonary Atresia and Aortopulmonary Collateral
               Arteries</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP
                  - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik,</bold> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73, Bela
               Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pulmonary Atresia / surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension, Pulmonary</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Clinical data:</bold> In the course of life, the patient developed three types of
            clinical manifestations. The first one was characterized by dyspnea and tachypnea, from
            birth to five months of age, increased pulmonary flow and heart failure, with
            cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly. The second phase was characterized by stability without
            significant symptoms, which lasted until the age of three, presumptive of balanced
            aortopulmonary flow. The third phase, with decreased pulmonary flow, had mild cyanosis
            that worsened two years ago. Exertion fatigue was noted for four years ago. The patient
            maintained saturation above 85% and up to 75% two years ago, hemoglobin = 17 g/dL and
            hematocrit = 62%.</p>
      <p><bold>Physical examination:</bold> Eupneic, cyanotic +++, normal pulses, no jugular
            venous distention. Weight: 54 kg; height: 160 cm; BP: 115/60 mmHg; HR: 78 bpm; oxygen
            saturation = 78%. Aorta was palpated ++ in the suprasternal notch.</p>
      <p>In precordium, apical impulse in the 4<sup>th </sup>right intercostal space and discrete
            systolic impulses at the right sternal edge. Second hyperphonetic heart sound, +++, at
            pulmonary area, increases toward the lower left sternal edge. Discrete and mild
            continuous murmur, +/++, at pulmonary area, irradiating to the back. Liver was not
            palpated.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary tests</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 1</xref>)
               showed junctional rhythm and signs of left ventricular overload on the right. The P
               wave was negative in II, III, aVF and precordial areas. The QRS complex morphology
               was RS in V1, rs in V6 and Rs in V6R. The T wave was negative in I, L and more
               positive in V6R than in V6. AQRS: +160&#186;, AT: 120&#186;, AP: &#8722;80&#186;.</p>
        <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Chest radiography shows the heart on the right in situs solitus, with
                     characteristics, together with those of the electrocardiogram, corrected
                     transposition of the great arteries, with the left ventricle on the right and
                     the aorta on the left.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-03-0024-40026-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Chest radiography </bold>shows normal cardiac silhouette (cardiothoracic ratio
               = 0.45) on the right in situs solitus (gastric bubble on the left) with rounded right
               ventricular arch. The upper arch on the left was long. Normal pulmonary vasculature
               and moderate scoliosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiography</bold> showed heart in dextrocardia and situs solitus. There
               were atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordances, pulmonary atresia (PA) and
               large ventricular septal defect (VSD) in the 25 mm inflow. The pulmonary trunk was
               not viewed, neither were pulmonary arteries. The diameters of the cavities were
               normal and ventricles were functioning normally.</p>
        <p><bold>Catheterization:</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 2</xref>) In the
               second month of life, the pulmonary arteries were hypoplastic and confluent and
               irrigated by the ductus arteriosus directed to the right lung and the left upper
               lobe. The aortopulmonary collateral vessel of the descending aorta was directed to
               the left lower lobe. A new examination showed left upper vase as an aortopulmonary
               collateral vessel instead of the ductus arteriosus. The left pulmonary artery was 8
               mm in diameter; the right was 13 mm in diameter with left stenosis (diameter = 5 mm).
               The pressure along the pulmonary circuit were systemic (100/64 mmHg).</p>
        <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiography of aortopulmonary circulation emphasizes the anatomic aspects
                     described. The pulmonary arteries are opacified by left upper aortopulmonary
                     vessel (A and B) and another aortopulmonary collateral vessel to the left lower
                     lobe (D). The left pulmonary artery shows clear stenosis (A and B) and is
                     smaller than the right, which is directed to the entire right lung (C).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-03-0024-40026-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis: </bold>Corrected transposition of the great arteries
               (CTGA), pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect in dextrocardia and situs
               solitus. Pulmonary circulation is nourished by aortopulmonary collateral arteries
               with pulmonary arterial hypertension in severe hypoxia and natural evolution.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical reasoning: </bold>Clinical findings of cyanogenic heart diseases,
               accompanied by PA + VSD may vary, often with signs of overflow, balancing flows or
               decreased pulmonary blood flow, as noted in this patient under natural evolution. The
               initial overflow gave way others due to predominance of decreased pulmonary blood
               flow. In this patient, the last stage was due to increased pulmonary arterial
               hypertension, not diagnosed initially. Other clinical signs were indicative of CTGA:
               second heart sound in the pulmonary area, which increases to the lower right sternal
               edge, suggesting that the aorta arises from the right ventricle to the left, backed
               by radiographic imaging, in which the ascending aorta is located on the left. The
               continuous murmur of collateral arteries expresses the presumed associated pulmonary
               atresia. The left ventricle is located on the right, directing the T wave to the
               right and systolic and diastolic overload of this ventricle.</p>
        <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Heart diseases of type VSD + PA are externalized
               in the same manner, and the base diagnosis of other anomalies must be performed based
               on other clinical guiding elements, as demonstrated in this case.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> In view of the marked reactive pulmonary hypertension,
               sildenafil was introduced at a dose of 25 mg every 8 hours. There was improvement in
               physical tolerance and arterial saturation rose to 85%.</p>
        <p><bold>Comments:</bold> This rare association, PA + VSD + CTGA and pulmonary
               circulation dependent on aortopulmonary collateral arteries was reported only once in
               the literature<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>.</p>
        <p>In general, the clinical picture depends on two defects (VSD + PA) guiding the
               pathophysiology of this set. When the collateral circulation is augmented with
               increased pulmonary flow, it generally undergoes stabilization and subsequent
               decrease, characterizing the evolutionary stages. Hypoxemia arises from decreased
               pulmonary flow through stenosis of aortopulmonary circulation or the development of
               pulmonary hypertension. In both situations, this picture naturally evolves to the
               second or third decade of life. Because of this, indication for surgery in this
               patient and other similar patients should always be questioned, counterbalancing
               clinical evolutionary aspects, post-operative conditions and surgical risk.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
