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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">wZPrXSbYfp66JN9BSvq4tHR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000200037</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00037</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140019</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto De Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Detalhando a Reda&#231;&#227;o do Artigo Cient&#237;fico: 25 a 30
               Par&#225;grafos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Gil Soares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Gama Filho</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias do
                  Exerc&#237;cio e do Esporte</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias do
                  Exerc&#237;cio e do Esporte - Universidade Gama Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Cl&#237;nica de
                  Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio - Clinimex, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Gil Soares de Ara&#250;jo</bold>, Rua
               Siqueira Campos, 93/101, Copacabana. CEP 22071-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.
               E-mail: <email>cgaraujo@iis.com.br</email>; <email>cgil@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e21</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Artigo de Revista</kwd>
        <kwd>Reda&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Metodologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Bibliometria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="1"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>No exerc&#237;cio profissional, o m&#233;dico se depara frequentemente com situa&#231;&#245;es in&#233;ditas ou
         propostas e ideias inovadoras. Muitas vezes, como fruto do seu treinamento e compet&#234;ncia,
         surgem hip&#243;teses a serem testadas e s&#227;o realizadas pesquisas. Essas pesquisas s&#227;o
         conclu&#237;das e os seus resultados submetidos a apresenta&#231;&#245;es como temas livres em congressos.
         Contudo, a efetiva concretiza&#231;&#227;o desse processo criativo s&#243; ocorre com a publica&#231;&#227;o do
         artigo cient&#237;fico e &#233; nesta &#250;ltima etapa que a grande maioria dos esfor&#231;os esbarra e n&#227;o
            avan&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. H&#225; v&#225;rias raz&#245;es pelas quais os acad&#234;micos, os internos, os
         residentes e os estudantes de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o e at&#233; mesmo os m&#233;dicos profissionalmente mais
         experientes podem n&#227;o avan&#231;ar do resumo em congresso para o artigo completo em um peri&#243;dico
         cient&#237;fico, por&#233;m, muito provavelmente, a mais importante &#233; a dificuldade na reda&#231;&#227;o dos
         apenas 25-30 par&#225;grafos que comp&#245;em um artigo original. Diante de uma folha de papel vazia
         ou de um cursor piscando em uma p&#225;gina em branco do processador de texto na tela do
         monitor, muitos param e desistem. Em artigo anterior<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, analisamos e sugerimos aprimoramentos para o processo de revis&#227;o por pares.
         No presente ponto de vista, propomos uma estrat&#233;gia pr&#225;tica de sistematiza&#231;&#227;o da reda&#231;&#227;o
         dos par&#225;grafos cient&#237;ficos, visando simplificar essa tarefa. Pretende-se, assim, aumentar a
         taxa de publica&#231;&#227;o como artigo completo de muitos dos excelentes resumos de comunica&#231;&#245;es
         apresentadas anualmente nos principais congressos m&#233;dicos e facilitar o atualmente
         congestionado processo de revis&#227;o por pares.</p>
    <p>O formato da comunica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica vem evoluindo bastante ao longo dos s&#233;culos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>,
         tornando a leitura mais objetiva e padronizada. Dentro desse processo, destaca se a
         formata&#231;&#227;o IMRaD<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, sigla derivada
         das iniciais das principais se&#231;&#245;es do artigo - introdu&#231;&#227;o, m&#233;todos, resultados e discuss&#227;o.
         Ao longo do s&#233;culo XX, o formato IMRaD passou a ser cada vez mais utilizado, representando
         cerca de 10% dos artigos na d&#233;cada de 1950, passando a predominar nos anos 1960 e
         alcan&#231;ando 80% nos anos 1970<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Atualmente, o IMRaD &#233;
         o formato recomendado e adotado pelos principais peri&#243;dicos cient&#237;ficos da &#225;rea m&#233;dica de
         todo o mundo, incluindo os <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> (ABC).</p>
    <p>Al&#233;m da formata&#231;&#227;o IMRaD, o artigo original submetido para publica&#231;&#227;o deve atender a normas
         e regras espec&#237;ficas de cada um dos peri&#243;dicos. Ainda que tenda a prevalecer um padr&#227;o
         razoavelmente uniforme, diferen&#231;as existem e devem ser observadas por ocasi&#227;o da reda&#231;&#227;o.
         Por exemplo, o n&#250;mero de palavras &#233; limitado a 4.500 nos ABC e a 5.000 no JACC, incluindo o
         texto propriamente dito e as refer&#234;ncias. Considerando que a parte das refer&#234;ncias, em
         geral limitadas a 30-40, usa cerca de mil palavras, sobram algo como 3.500-4.000 para o
         corpo do texto, ou seja, para serem utilizados nos 25-30 par&#225;grafos do IMRaD,
         correspondendo a cerca de 130 palavras cada um.</p>
    <p>Na busca por evid&#234;ncias e dados objetivos, foram analisados, como amostra de conveni&#234;ncia,
         todos os artigos originais publicados nos n&#250;meros de janeiro de 2012 e de 2013 dos ABC e do
         JACC (neste somente os dois primeiros n&#250;meros desses meses). Observou-se uma tend&#234;ncia
         bastante clara para o n&#250;mero total de par&#225;grafos e para a sua distribui&#231;&#227;o dos par&#225;grafos
         pelas quatro se&#231;&#245;es do IMRaD de um artigo. Para os 20 artigos dos ABC e os 34 artigos do
         JACC, o n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de par&#225;grafos foi de 28,9 e de 28,2 (p = 0,703), respectivamente, com
         1/3 deles contendo 25-30 par&#225;grafos e 57% do total de artigos com o total de 22-33
         par&#225;grafos. Essa relativa const&#226;ncia &#233; bastante interessante de observar e destacar,
         considerando que os t&#243;picos e &#225;reas abordados, assim como a forma&#231;&#227;o e at&#233; mesmo a
         nacionalidade dos autores, s&#227;o bastante diversos. Sendo assim, corrobora-se a ideia de que
         existe um formato b&#225;sico a ser seguido para uma efetiva publica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ilustra a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos par&#225;grafos para
         as diversas se&#231;&#245;es do IMRaD nos dois peri&#243;dicos analisados. Embora haja alguma
         variabilidade entre os artigos, a introdu&#231;&#227;o &#233; claramente a se&#231;&#227;o com menor n&#250;mero de
         par&#225;grafos (p &lt; 0,001), enquanto h&#225; certo equil&#237;brio entre as demais se&#231;&#245;es (p &gt;
         0,05), especialmente para os artigos originais do JACC, no qual as se&#231;&#245;es de m&#233;todos,
         resultados e discuss&#227;o tendem a ter entre oito e nove par&#225;grafos. Quando s&#227;o comparadas as
         distribui&#231;&#245;es de par&#225;grafos entre os ABC e o JACC, verifica-se que a introdu&#231;&#227;o e a
         discuss&#227;o tendem a ter mais par&#225;grafos nos ABC do que no JACC, respectivamente, 3,8
            <italic>versus</italic> 2,4 (p &lt; 0,01) e 10,4 <italic>versus</italic> 8,8 (p =
         0,04).</p>
    <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>An&#225;lise comparativa quanto ao n&#250;mero de par&#225;grafos por se&#231;&#227;o do IMRaD para
               artigos originais entre os Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Arq Bras Cardiol) e o
               Journal of The American College of Cardiology (JACC). I: introdu&#231;&#227;o; M: m&#233;todos; R:
               resultados; D: discuss&#227;o. Box-plot representam valores medianos, primeiro e terceiro
               quartis e percentis 5 e 95. *Diferen&#231;a significativa entre o n&#250;mero de par&#225;grafos dos
               dois peri&#243;dicos para essa se&#231;&#227;o.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-02-0e21-40019-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Com base nesses resultados, na nossa experi&#234;ncia pessoal como autor de artigos originais e
         na opini&#227;o de outros autores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
			<sup>,</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
			<sup>-</sup>
			<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,
         &#233; poss&#237;vel propor, dentro da formata&#231;&#227;o IMRaD, um modelo simples do conte&#250;do a ser abordado
         nos 25 30 par&#225;grafos que costumam compor um artigo cient&#237;fico original. Para efeito
         pr&#225;tico, considera-se uma lauda como uma p&#225;gina no processador de texto, com margens
         convencionais e utilizando o espa&#231;amento de 1,5 linhas e fonte de tamanho 11.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Desdobrando as se&#231;&#245;es</title>
      <p><bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>: 1 lauda (idealmente); m&#225;ximo de 400 palavras em 1-4 par&#225;grafos
            (ideal 3) - algumas revistas limitam a 350 palavras (p. ex., ABC); 5-10 refer&#234;ncias.</p>
      <p><bold>M&#233;todos</bold>: 2-3 laudas (eventualmente maior em experimentos com m&#233;todos
            inovadores ou com muitas t&#233;cnicas ou estat&#237;stica muito complexa) - n&#227;o exceder 750
            palavras em 6-9 par&#225;grafos; 5-15 refer&#234;ncias.</p>
      <p><bold>Resultados</bold>: 2-3 laudas de texto, e figuras e tabelas conforme o
            estritamente necess&#225;rio; n&#227;o exceder 1.000 palavras em 4 9 par&#225;grafos; normalmente sem
            refer&#234;ncias.</p>
      <p><bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>: 3-4 laudas de texto; costuma ser a parte mais extensa do artigo
            em n&#250;mero de palavras (4, 8-10), com 1.000-1.500 palavras distribu&#237;das em at&#233; 10
            par&#225;grafos; inclui um par&#225;grafo de conclus&#245;es, ainda que alguns peri&#243;dicos o coloquem
            como mais uma se&#231;&#227;o do texto; costuma contemplar 10-20 refer&#234;ncias, algumas delas
            podendo j&#225; ter aparecido em se&#231;&#245;es anteriores do texto.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Desdobrando os par&#225;grafos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>1. Problema - o que se sabe?</p>
        <p>2. Contextualiza&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>3. Lacuna do conhecimento - o que n&#227;o se sabe?</p>
        <p>4. Defini&#231;&#227;o e objetivo do estudo - o que ser&#225; estudado e a hip&#243;tese ou objetivo;
               preferencialmente, n&#227;o incluir resultados ou conclus&#245;es<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>5. Popula&#231;&#227;o e amostra - crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e/ou exclus&#227;o; men&#231;&#227;o a termo de
               consentimento livre e esclarecido e aprova&#231;&#227;o pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica</p>
        <p>6. Popula&#231;&#227;o e amostra II - descri&#231;&#227;o de subgrupos amostrais espec&#237;ficos ou quando
               necess&#225;rio para explicar mais detalhadamente procedimentos relacionados ao
               acompanhamento e eventuais perdas<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>7. M&#233;todos principais - vari&#225;vel ou procedimento mais importante</p>
        <p>8. Met&#243;dos principais II - desdobramento do par&#225;grafo acima<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>9. M&#233;todos secund&#225;rios - vari&#225;veis menos importantes</p>
        <p>10. Protocolo do estudo - detalhamento do que foi feito e como foi feito</p>
        <p>11. Protocolo do estudo II - dados adicionais quando necess&#225;rio e justificado<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>12. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica - m&#233;todos descritivos e inferenciais </p>
        <p>13. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica II - <italic>software</italic> e n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>14. Dados gerais - descritivos da amostra e informa&#231;&#245;es sobre fluxo de sele&#231;&#227;o dos
               pacientes e sobre a efetiva realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo</p>
        <p>15. Principais resultados - vari&#225;veis mais importantes</p>
        <p>16. Principais resultados II - resultados adicionais e outras an&#225;lises das vari&#225;veis
               mais importantes<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>17. Resultados secund&#225;rios - das outras vari&#225;veis do estudo</p>
        <p>18. Resultados secund&#225;rios II - resultados adicionais das vari&#225;veis ou da
               inter-rela&#231;&#227;o ou intera&#231;&#227;o entre as mesmas<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>19. Resultados secund&#225;rios III - resultados adicionais das vari&#225;veis ou da
               inter-rela&#231;&#227;o ou intera&#231;&#227;o entre as mesmas<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>20. Outros resultados e an&#225;lises realizadas na pesquisa <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>21. O problema e a proposta "original" do estudo - recolocando a problem&#225;tica do
               estudo</p>
        <p>22. Interpreta&#231;&#227;o do principal resultado - significado do que foi encontrado</p>
        <p>23. Contraste com a literatura - em que o presente resultado confirma dados
               anteriores</p>
        <p>24. Contraste adicional com a literatura<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref> -
               explorando diferen&#231;as metodol&#243;gicas ou mecan&#237;sticas</p>
        <p>25. Contribui&#231;&#227;o ao conhecimento do resultado principal -qual &#233; a "novidade" ou a
               principal mensagem ou contribui&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa ao corpo atual de conhecimento</p>
        <p>26. Interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados secund&#225;rios - o que esses resultados informam ou
               significam</p>
        <p>27. Interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados secund&#225;rios II<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref>
				</p>
        <p>28. Contraste do presente estudo com os anteriores - em que esse estudo contribui e
               avan&#231;a o conhecimento na &#225;rea</p>
        <p>29. Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo - pontos fracos e fortes; quais s&#227;o as fraquezas e problemas
               metodol&#243;gicos do estudo e, principalmente, em que essas limita&#231;&#245;es podem prejudicar
               na aplica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica dos resultados e das suas interpreta&#231;&#245;es; pode tamb&#233;m destacar
               pontos fortes do estudo; podem ser inclu&#237;das possibilidades ou quest&#245;es a serem
               estudadas no futuro - outras lacunas do conhecimento</p>
        <p>30. Conclus&#245;es e implica&#231;&#245;es - representa uma s&#237;ntese do estudo, normalmente
               respondendo &#224; hip&#243;tese levantada no par&#225;grafo final da se&#231;&#227;o de introdu&#231;&#227;o,
               respondendo ao objetivo do estudo.</p>
        <p>Uma observa&#231;&#227;o bastante pr&#225;tica &#233; que a reda&#231;&#227;o dos par&#225;grafos n&#227;o precisa seguir a
               ordem das se&#231;&#245;es ou at&#233; mesmo dos diversos par&#225;grafos que comp&#245;em dada se&#231;&#227;o. Na
               pr&#225;tica, a maioria dos autores experientes inicia a reda&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica pelos m&#233;todos
               e resultados, seguindo depois para a discuss&#227;o e s&#243; ent&#227;o avan&#231;a para a introdu&#231;&#227;o.
               ficando a escolha do t&#237;tulo como a &#250;ltima coisa a ser feita.</p>
        <p>Acredita-se que, com a estrat&#233;gia pr&#225;tica apresentada nesse ponto de vista, e que se
               insere na formata&#231;&#227;o do IMRaD, os potenciais autores v&#227;o temer menos o cursor
               piscante no processador de texto e passar&#227;o a enfrentar com mais tranquilidade e
               objetividade a etapa final de transformar uma &#243;tima comunica&#231;&#227;o no congresso em
               excelente artigo cient&#237;fico original. Com isso ser&#225; poss&#237;vel a uma audi&#234;ncia bem
               maior e por um prazo infinito de tempo beneficiar-se de seus achados e de suas
               interpreta&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="con">
        <p>
          <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos
               dados, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica,
               Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito
               quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Ara&#250;jo CGS.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este estudo foi parcialmente financiado pelo CNPq e FAPERJ.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo com disserta&#231;&#245;es e teses de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="fn01" fn-type="other">
        <label>*</label>
        <p> Esses par&#225;grafos s&#227;o opcionais e, frequentemente, o conte&#250;do pode ser incorporado
               no(s) par&#225;grafo(s) anterior(es).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="SA1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Viewpoint</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Detailing the Writing of Scientific Manuscripts: 25-30
               Paragraphs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Gil Soares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Gama Filho</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias do
                  Exerc&#237;cio e do Esporte</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias do
                  Exerc&#237;cio e do Esporte - Universidade Gama Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Cl&#237;nica de
                  Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio - Clinimex, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Gil Soares de Ara&#250;jo</bold>, Rua
               Siqueira Campos, 93/101, Copacabana. Postal Code 22071-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ -
               Brazil. Email: <email>cgaraujo@iis.com.br</email>; <email>cgil@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Journal of Article</kwd>
        <kwd>Writing</kwd>
        <kwd>Methodology</kwd>
        <kwd>Bibliometrics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In their professional practices, physicians often face unexpected situations or chance
            on innovative proposals and ideas. As a result of their training and competence, they
            usually come up with hypotheses to be tested and research is conducted. This research is
            completed and their results submitted for presentations at conferences as free
            communications. Nevertheless, the realization of this creative process is only complete
            when a scientific manuscript is published in a journal. At this ultimate stage, most
            efforts seem not be brought to a standstill<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. There are several
            reasons why scholars, interns, residents, graduate students and even experienced
            physicians may find it difficult to move forward from congress' abstracts to full
            manuscripts published in journals. However, the most significant hindrance rests with
            the difficulty writing the mere 25-30 paragraphs of an original manuscript. Many freeze
            and give up in front of a blank paper or a blinking cursor on a blank word processor's
            page on the monitor screen. In the previous manuscript<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, we analyzed and suggested improvements to the process of peer review. In
            this point of view, we propose a practical strategy to systematize the writing of
            scientific paragraphs, aiming to simplify the task of scientific writing. This way, our
            intent is to increase the rate of publication of full manuscripts based on several
            outstanding abstracts presented annually at major medical conferences, and facilitate
            the currently overburdened process of peer review. </p>
      <p>The format of scientific communication has been evolving greatly over the centuries<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, making reading more objective and standardized. One of the important tools
            in this process is the IMRaD format<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>, an acronym derived from the initials of the main
            sections of a manuscript - introduction, methods, results and discussion. Throughout the
            twentieth century, the IMRaD format has been increasingly applied, accounting for about
            10% of the manuscripts in the 1950s, being dominant in the 1960s, and reaching 80% in
            the 1970s<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>. Presently, IMRad is the format
            recommended and adopted by the main medical journals all over the world, including the
            ABC (<italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>).</p>
      <p>In addition to the IMRaD format, original manuscripts submitted for publication should
            meet specific standards and rules of each journal. Although a fairly uniform pattern
            tends to prevail, there are differences that should be observed at the time of writing.
            For instance, the number of words is limited to 4,500 in ABC and 5,000 in JACC,
            including text and references. Considering that the references are usually limited to
            30-40, and have around 1,000 words, circa 3,500-4,000 are left for the text's body,
            i.e., to be used in the 25-30 paragraphs of IMRaD, representing about 130 words
            each.</p>
      <p>In the pursuit for evidence and objective data, as a convenience sample, all original
            manuscripts published in the January 2012 and 2013 editions of ABC and JACC journals
            have been analyzed (the first two numbers of these months for the latter). There was a
            fairly clear trend about the total number of paragraphs and distribution of paragraphs
            in four sections of the IMRaD of a manuscript. For the 20 ABC's manuscripts and 34
            JACC's ones, the average number of paragraphs was 28.9 and 28.2 (p = 0.703),
            respectively, with 1/3 of them having 25-30 paragraphs, and 57% of the total manuscripts
            having overall 22-33 paragraphs. This relative constancy should be observed and
            highlighted, considering that the topics and areas covered, as well as the background
            and the nationality of the authors, are quite different. Thus, this confirms the
            assumption that there is a basic format to be followed for an effective publication.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 1</xref> illustrates the distribution of
            paragraphs for the various IMRaD sections in the two journals analyzed. Although there
            is some variability among the manuscripts, the introduction is clearly a section with
            fewer paragraphs (p &lt; 0.001), while the remaining sections are somewhat balanced (p
            &gt; 0.05), especially for original manuscripts of JACC, in which the sections of
            methods, results and discussion tend to have eight to nine paragraphs. When the
            distributions of paragraphs between ABC and JACC are compared, introductions and
            discussions tend to have more paragraphs in ABC than in JACC, respectively, 3.8 versus
            2.4 (p &lt; 0.01) and 10.4 versus 8.8 (p = 0.04).</p>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Comparative analysis on the number of paragraphs per section of IMRaD for
                  original manuscripts between Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Arq Bras
                  Cardiol) and Journal of The American College of Cardiology (JACC). I:
                  introduction; M: methods; R: results; D: discussion. The box-plot represents
                  median values, the first and third quartiles and 5<sup>th</sup> and
                     95<sup>th</sup> percentiles.*Significant difference between the number of
                  paragraphs of the two journals for this section.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-02-0e21-40019-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Based on these results, in our personal experience as authors of original manuscripts
            and according to other authors' opinions<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
				<sup>-</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, a simple content model may be proposed within
            the IMRaD format, taking 25-30 paragraphs as standard for an original manuscript. For
            practical purposes, one page is considered one page in a word processor, with
            conventional margins and with a 1.5 line spacing and font size 11.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Unfolding the sections</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Introduction: 1 page (ideally), maximum 400 words over 1-4 paragraphs (ideally
                  3) - some journals restrict this to 350 words (E.g.: ABC); 5-10
                  references.</title>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods: 2-3 pages (possibly higher in experiments resorting to innovative
                  methods or plenty of techniques or sophisticated statistics) - not exceeding 750
                  words over 6 9 paragraphs; 5-15 references</title>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results: 2-3 pages of text, figures and tables, as strictly necessary; not
                  exceeding 1,000 words over 4-9 paragraphs; usually without references.</title>
          <p><bold>Discussion:</bold> 3-4 pages of text; this is usually the most extensive
                  part of the manuscript relating to word count<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>
						<sup>,</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>
						<sup>-</sup>
						<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>, with 1,000-1,500 words distributed over up
                  to 10 paragraphs; including a conclusion paragraph, although some journals
                  consider the latter another text section. The discussion usually has 10-20
                  references, with some of them possibly appearing in previous text sections.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Unfolding the paragraphs</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Introduction</title>
          <p>1. Problem - what is known?</p>
          <p>2. Contextualization<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>3. Knowledge gap - what is not known?</p>
          <p>4. Definition and purpose of the study - what will be studied and the hypothesis
                  or objective; preferably not including results or conclusions<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>5. Population and sample - inclusion and/or exclusion criteria; reference to the
                  informed consent form and approval by the ethics committee</p>
          <p>6. Population and sample II - description of specific sampling subgroups or, when
                  necessary, in-depth detailing of procedures connected to follow-up and losses<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>7. Main methods - most important variable or procedure</p>
          <p>8. Main methods II - unfolding the paragraph above<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>9. Secondary methods - less important variables</p>
          <p>10. Study protocol - detailing of what has been done and how it has been done</p>
          <p>11. Study protocol II - additional data when necessary and justified<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>12. Statistical analysis - descriptive and inferential methods </p>
          <p>13. Statistical analysis II - software and significance level<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>14. General data - description of sample and information about the patient
                  selection flow and actual performance of the study</p>
          <p>15. Main results - the most important variables</p>
          <p>16. Main results II - additional results and other analyzes of the most important
                     variables<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>17. Secondary results - the other study variables</p>
          <p>18. Secondary results II - additional results of variables or the interrelation or
                  interaction between them<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>19. Secondary results III - additional results of variables or the interrelation
                  or interaction between them*</p>
          <p>20. Other results and analysis carried out in the study*</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Discussion</title>
          <p>21. The problem and the study's "original" proposal - discussing again the study's
                  problem</p>
          <p>22. Interpretation of the main result - meaning of what has been found</p>
          <p>23. Comparison with the literature - how this result confirms previous data</p>
          <p>24. Further comparison with the literature<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
                  - exploring methodological or mechanistic differences</p>
          <p>25. The main result's contribution to knowledge - the "novelty" or main message or
                  contribution of the research to the current state-of-the-art </p>
          <p>26. Interpretation of secondary results - what these results inform or mean</p>
          <p>27. Interpretation of secondary results II<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02">*</xref>
					</p>
          <p>28. Comparison of this study with previous ones - the contribution and
                  developments in this study for the area's knowledge</p>
          <p>29. Limits of the study - strengths and weaknesses; the weaknesses and
                  methodological problems of the study and, especially, how these limitations may
                  hinder the practical application of the results and their interpretations. The
                  strengths of the study may also be stressed, possibilities may be pointed out, as
                  well as issues to be further researched - other knowledge gaps</p>
          <p>30. Conclusions and implications - this represents a synthesis of the study,
                  usually answering the hypothesis reported in the final paragraph of the
                  introductory section, solving the study objective.</p>
          <p>A rather practical observation is that the writing of paragraphs does not need to
                  follow the order of sections or, even, the several paragraphs making up the given
                  section. In practice, most of the experienced authors start with the methods and
                  results, hence following to the discussion, and only then proceeding to the
                  introduction. The title is typically their last concern.</p>
          <p>Grounded on the practical strategy presented in this point of view, in keeping
                  with the IMRaD format, we may assert that potential authors will deal better with
                  blinking cursors on the word processor and will deal easily and objectively with
                  the final stage of transforming an outstanding communication at a conference into
                  an excellent original manuscript. This will allow a much larger audience to
                  benefit from their findings and interpretations, forever.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and
                  interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis, Obtaining funding, Writing of
                  the manuscript, Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content:
                  Ara&#250;jo CGS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was partly funded by CNPq and FAPERJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="fn02" fn-type="other">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>These paragraphs are optional, and often the contents can se incorporated into the
                  previous paragraph(s).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
