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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">G6hG5TcGRnCMV38zBW5Zkdp</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000100016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014000100016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">0016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2014000100016</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130251</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Associa&#231;&#227;o N&#227;o &#233; o Mesmo que Acur&#225;cia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cl&#225;udio Lemos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Esteves</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de
                  P&#250;blica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica,
                  Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luis Cl&#225;udio Lemos Correia</bold>, Av. Princesa Leopoldina,
               19/402, Gra&#231;a. CEP 40150-080, Salvador, BA - Brasil. E-mail:
                  <email>lccorreia@cardiol.br</email>, <email>lccorreia@terra.com.br</email>
            </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>105</fpage>
      <lpage>106</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Acur&#225;cia</kwd>
        <kwd>Escore Grace</kwd>
        <kwd>Escore TIMI</kwd>
        <kwd>Anatomia coronariana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="2"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Prezado Editor,</title>
      <p>Em artigo recente, dos Santos e cols. conclu&#237;ram que em pacientes com s&#237;ndromes
            coronarianas agudas "os escores de risco se correlacionam com gravidade da doen&#231;a
               coron&#225;ria"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. Essa aparente conclus&#227;o positiva
            esconde o baixo desempenho desses escores em predizer doen&#231;a coronariana obstrutiva, por
            duas raz&#245;es. Primeiro, diante de uma situa&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica (presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a
            coronariana &#8805; 50%), o enfoque cl&#237;nico deve ser em acur&#225;cia; segundo, associa&#231;&#227;o
            (descrito no artigo como correla&#231;&#227;o) n&#227;o garante acur&#225;cia. </p>
      <p>O enfoque principal desse trabalho deveria ser as medidas de acur&#225;cia, como &#225;rea abaixo
            da curva ROC, que variaram de 0,56 a 0,70. Embora estatisticamente significantes, esses
            valores indicam baixa acur&#225;cia do ponto de vista diagn&#243;stico. Corroborando esses
            achados, em recente artigo publicado neste mesmo peri&#243;dico, nosso grupo concluiu que "o
            grau de associa&#231;&#227;o [entre escores e anatomia coron&#225;ria] n&#227;o &#233; suficiente para que os
            escores de risco sejam preditores acurados dos resultados da angiografia"<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. </p>
      <p>As diferentes conclus&#245;es em dois trabalhos de achados semelhantes se deve &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o de
            que signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (associa&#231;&#227;o verdadeira) e relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica (acur&#225;cia)
            n&#227;o representam exatamente o mesmo fen&#244;meno.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. dos Santos ES, Aguiar Filho Lde F, Fonseca DM, Londero HJ, Xavier RM,
               Pereira MP, et al. Correlation of risk scores with coronary anatomy in
               non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome. Arq Bras Cardiol.
               2013;100(6):511-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>ES dos</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aguiar</surname>
              <given-names>L de F</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fonseca</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Londero</surname>
              <given-names>HJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xavier</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Correlation of risk scores with coronary anatomy in
                  non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>100</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>511</fpage>
          <lpage>517</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Barbosa CE, Viana M, Brito M, Sabino M, Garcia G, Maraux M, et al.
               Accuracy of the GRACE and TIMI scores in predicting the angiographic severity of
               acute coronary syndrome. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(3):818-24.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Viana</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brito</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sabino</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maraux</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Accuracy of the GRACE and TIMI scores in predicting the
                  angiographic severity of acute coronary syndrome</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>99</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>818</fpage>
          <lpage>824</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article id="R01" article-type="reply" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Elizabete Silva dos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguiar</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano de Figueiredo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Minuzzo</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Roberta de</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Quando no estudo de Santos e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> conclui-se
            que os escores de risco se correlacionam com a anatomia coronariana, levam-se em
            considera&#231;&#227;o todas as an&#225;lises realizadas: an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de correla&#231;&#227;o utilizando
            o m&#233;todo n&#227;o param&#233;trico de Spearman<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">2</xref> e a
            habilidade preditiva desses em discriminar quem ter&#225; ou n&#227;o a possibilidade de les&#227;o
            coronariana &#8805; 50%, que foi determinada, inicialmente, pelo teste n&#227;o param&#233;trico de
               Mann-Whitney<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">2</xref> e, posteriormente, avaliada pela
            estat&#237;stica-C (&#225;rea sob a curva <italic>ROC</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">3</xref>. Como apresentado nos resultados, o estudo enfatiza as duas an&#225;lises:
            avalia&#231;&#227;o da exist&#234;ncia de rela&#231;&#227;o entre os escores de risco e a anatomia coronariana
            (Tabela 3)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> e a habilidade preditiva dos escores
            em discriminar quem ter&#225; ou n&#227;o les&#227;o coronariana &#8805; 50% (Gr&#225;fico 1)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref>. Portanto, a palavra "correla&#231;&#227;o", citada no manuscrito<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref>, foi utilizada como a "rela&#231;&#227;o entre os escores de
            risco e a anatomia coron&#225;ria". </p>
      <p>Os escores de risco TIMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">4</xref> e GRACE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">6</xref> n&#227;o foram desenvolvidos primariamente para determinar a habilidade
            preditiva de les&#227;o coronariana, e sim para eventos cl&#237;nicos adversos. Portanto, n&#227;o se
            pode esperar um forte poder de discrimina&#231;&#227;o desses quando se avalia les&#227;o coronariana &#8805;
            50% ou qualquer outra vari&#225;vel diferente dos eventos cl&#237;nicos espec&#237;ficos do modelo
            original. Apesar dessa observa&#231;&#227;o, ainda assim, eles apresentaram habilidade que n&#227;o
            pode ser desprez&#237;vel<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">7</xref> para discriminar quem ter&#225;
            ou n&#227;o les&#227;o coronariana &#8805; 50%: escore de risco TIMI &#225;rea sob a curva
               <italic>ROC</italic> 0,704; escore GRACE hospitalar &#225;rea sob a curva
               <italic>ROC</italic> 0,623; escore GRACE em seis meses &#225;rea sob a curva
               <italic>ROC</italic> 0,562. </p>
      <p>Uma interessante observa&#231;&#227;o &#233; que para o escore de risco TIMI a &#225;rea sob a curva
               <italic>ROC</italic> no estudo de Santos e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> foi maior que para os eventos espec&#237;ficos do modelo original de
            desenvolvimento (&#225;rea sob a curva <italic>ROC</italic> de 0,65)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>. Da mesma forma, o escore de risco TIMI, apesar de sua limitada
            habilidade preditiva<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">7</xref> para eventos cl&#237;nicos
            adversos, em decorr&#234;ncia de sua import&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica e praticidade, &#233; um dos modelos mais
            utilizados no mundo e recomendado pelas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais.</p>
      <p>Atenciosamente, </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Elizabete Silva dos Santos</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Luciano de Figueiredo Aguiar Filho</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Luiz Minuzzo</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Roberta de Souza</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Ari Timerman</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
    <back>
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        <title>Refer&#234;ncias </title>
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          <label>7</label>
          <mixed-citation>7. Ohman EM, Granger CB, Harrington RA, Lee KL. Risk stratification
                  and therapeutic decision making in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA.
                  2000;284(7):876-8.</mixed-citation>
          <element-citation publication-type="journal">
            <person-group person-group-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Ohman</surname>
                <given-names>EM</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Granger</surname>
                <given-names>CB</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Harrington</surname>
                <given-names>RA</given-names>
              </name>
              <name>
                <surname>Lee</surname>
                <given-names>KL</given-names>
              </name>
            </person-group>
            <article-title xml:lang="en">Risk stratification and therapeutic decision making
                     in acute coronary syndromes</article-title>
            <source>JAMA</source>
            <year>2000</year>
            <volume>284</volume>
            <issue>7</issue>
            <fpage>876</fpage>
            <lpage>878</lpage>
          </element-citation>
        </ref>
      </ref-list>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter To The Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Association is Not the Same as Accuracy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cl&#225;udio Lemos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Esteves</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de
                  P&#250;blica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica,
                  Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Luis Cl&#225;udio Lemos Correia</bold>, Av. Princesa Leopoldina,
               19/402, Gra&#231;a. Postal Code 40150-080, Salvador, BA - Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>lccorreia@cardiol.br</email>, <email>lccorreia@terra.com.br</email>
            </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Accuracy</kwd>
        <kwd>Grace score</kwd>
        <kwd>TIMI score</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary anatomy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="2"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dear Editor,</title>
        <p>In a recent article, dos Santos et al. have concluded that, for patients with acute
               coronary syndromes, risk scores correlated with coronary artery disease severity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. That apparently positive conclusion hides the
               poor performance of those scores to predict obstructive coronary artery disease due
               to two reasons. Firstly, in face of a diagnostic situation (presence of coronary
               artery disease &#8805; 50%), the clinical focus should be on accuracy. Secondly,
               association (described in the article as correlation) does not ensure accuracy.</p>
        <p>The major focus of that study should have been accuracy measures, such as area under
               the ROC curve, ranging from 0.56 to 0.70. Although statistically significant, those
               values indicate low accuracy from the diagnostic viewpoint. Corroborating those
               findings, in a recently published article in this same journal, our group has
               concluded that the degree of association (between scores and coronary anatomy) is not
               sufficient for risk scores to accurately predict the results of angiography<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>The different conclusions from two studies of similar findings is due to the
               perception that statistical significance (true association) and clinical relevance
               (accuracy) do not exactly represent the same phenomenon.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article id="R02" article-type="reply" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Elizabete Silva dos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguiar Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano de Figueiredo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Minuzzo</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Roberta de</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>When Santos et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> have concluded that risk
            scores correlate with coronary anatomy, they considered all analyses performed:
            statistical correlation analysis with the non parametric Spearman test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">2</xref> and the predictive ability of those scores to
            discriminate individuals who might and might not have a coronary artery lesion &#8805; 50%,
            which was initially determined by using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">2</xref>, and was later assessed by using C statistics
            (area under the ROC curve)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">3</xref>. As shown in the
            results, that study emphasizes both analyses: assessment of the existence of a
            relationship between risk scores and coronary anatomy (Table 3)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> and the predictive ability of the scores to discriminate who might
            have coronary lesion &#8805; 50% (Chart 1)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref>. Thus, the
            word "correlation" cited in the manuscript<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> was
            used as the "relationship between risk scores and coronary anatomy".</p>
      <p>The TIMI<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">4</xref> and GRACE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">6</xref> risk scores
            have not been primarily developed to predict coronary lesion, but adverse clinical
            events. Thus, they are not supposed to have a strong discriminatory power to assess
            coronary lesion &#8805; 50% or any other variable different from the specific clinical events
            of the original model. Nevertheless, they showed an ability that cannot be
               overlooked<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">7</xref> to discriminate who will or will
            not have coronary lesion &#8805; 50% as follows: TIMI risk score, area under the ROC curve =
            0.704; hospital GRACE score, area under the ROC curve = 0.623; 6-month GRACE score, area
            under the ROC curve = 0.562.</p>
      <p>It is worth noting that, for the TIMI risk score, the area under the ROC curve in the
            study by Santos et als.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">1</xref> was greater than that
            for the specific events of the original model of development (area under the ROC curve =
               0.65)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">4</xref>. Similarly, the TIMI risk score,
            despite its limited predictive ability<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">7</xref> for
            adverse clinical events, due to its clinical relevance and practicality, is one of the
            most used models worldwide, recommended by national and international guidelines.</p>
      <p>Sincerely,</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Elizabete Silva dos Santos</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Luciano de Figueiredo Aguiar Filho</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Luiz Minuzzo</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Roberta de Souza</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Ari Timerman</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
