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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">djrJbKDsgSMQJn89KBdZwfn</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000100015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014000100015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">0015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2014000100015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130249</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Poss&#237;vel Fenoc&#243;pia de Brugada Induzida por Hipocalemia em
               Paciente com Paralisia Peri&#243;dica Hipocal&#234;mica Cong&#234;nita</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Anselm</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Genaro</surname>
            <given-names>Natalia Rodriguez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
            <given-names>Adrian</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Queen's University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Kingston General Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia, Eletrofisiologia e
               Ritmo Card&#237;aco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ontario</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Eletrofisiologia e
               Ritmo Card&#237;aco, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario,
               Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital General de Agudos Donaci&#243;n Francisco
               Santojanni</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Agudos Donaci&#243;n Francisco
               Santojanni, Buenos Aires, Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Adrian Baranchuk</bold>, Associate Professor of Medicine -
               Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital K7L 2V7, Queen's
               University. Email: <email>barancha@kgh.kari.net</email>.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>104</fpage>
      <lpage>104</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome de Brugada</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipopotassemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Paralisia Peri&#243;dica Hipopotass&#234;mica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="1"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Caro Editor,</title>
      <p>Lemos com grande interesse o relato de caso de Gazzoni e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> sobre um padr&#227;o de Brugada no ECG induzido por hipocalemia. Este
            trabalho &#233; importante porque contribui para o crescente volume de literatura que
            descreve fenoc&#243;pias de Brugada (BrP)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
      <p>Resumidamente, as BrP s&#227;o caracterizadas por padr&#245;es de ECG que s&#227;o id&#234;nticos aos
            padr&#245;es ECG de Brugada do tipo 1 ou tipo 2, apesar da aus&#234;ncia de uma verdadeira
            S&#237;ndrome de Brugada cong&#234;nita (BrS). As BrP s&#227;o induzidas por v&#225;rias circunst&#226;ncias
            cl&#237;nicas, incluindo: hipocalemia, hipercalemia, hipotermia, isquemia mioc&#225;rdica e
            embolia pulmonar. Estabelecemos seis categorias etiol&#243;gicas de BrP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>, juntamente
            com uma abordagem sistem&#225;tica para diagnosticar BrP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>, excluindo a disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio no mioc&#225;rdio. O caso apresentado
            por Gazzoni e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> possivelmente se
            qualificaria na categoria (i) condi&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas; no entanto, &#233; necess&#225;ria uma
            an&#225;lise mais profunda desse relato de caso.</p>
      <p>Especificamente, esse &#233; o primeiro relato de uma poss&#237;vel BrP induzida por hipocalemia
            em associa&#231;&#227;o com paralisia peri&#243;dica hipocal&#234;mica (PPH). Pacientes com PPH s&#227;o
            conhecidos por terem muta&#231;&#245;es genicas resultando em anormalidades dos canais de c&#225;lcio
            sens&#237;veis &#224; dihidropiridina ou canais de s&#243;dio (SCN4A) em m&#250;sculos
               <italic>esquel&#233;ticos</italic>. Pacientes com BrS verdadeira cong&#234;nita t&#234;m muta&#231;&#245;es
            nos canais de s&#243;dio do <italic>mioc&#225;rdio</italic> (SCN5A) e a associa&#231;&#227;o neste paciente
            &#233; bastante intrigante e permanece especulativa. O padr&#227;o de ECG de Brugada tipo 1
            "c&#244;ncavo", observado neste paciente, pode ter sido induzido pela hipocalemia s&#233;rica
            transit&#243;ria (o que o qualificaria como BrP) ou pode haver uma disfun&#231;&#227;o cong&#234;nita nos
            canais de s&#243;dio desse paciente, em ambos os m&#250;sculos esquel&#233;ticos (PPH) e do mioc&#225;rdio,
            resultando nas altera&#231;&#245;es do ECG. Por isso, recomendamos aos autores que um teste
            provocativo do mioc&#225;rdio, com um bloqueador dos canais de s&#243;dio, como procainamida,
            ajmalina ou flecainida, seja realizado para descartar a disfun&#231;&#227;o dos canais de s&#243;dio
            mioc&#225;rdicos. Al&#233;m disso, sugerimos tamb&#233;m que os futuros relatos usem o termo
            estabelecido <italic>Fenoc&#243;pia de Brugada</italic> para fornecer consist&#234;ncia na
            literatura e facilitar futuras pesquisas.</p>
      <p>Estamos criando um banco de dados de registro internacional no <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.burgadaphenocopy.com">www.burgadaphenocopy.com</ext-link> e convidamos Gazzoni e cols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> a submeter esse caso junto com futuros casos para
            o registro, caso eles satisfa&#231;am os crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico de BrP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. O objetivo desse registro &#233; fornecer acompanhamento a longo prazo
            e compreens&#227;o sobre a fisiopatologia e hist&#243;ria natural de pacientes com BrP.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias </title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Gazzoni GF, Borges AP, Bergoli LC, Soares JL, Kalil C, Bartholomay E.
               Brugada-like electrocardiographic changes induced by hypokalemia. Arq Bras Cardiol.
               2013;100(3):e35-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gazzoni</surname>
              <given-names>GF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Borges</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bergoli</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soares</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kalil</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bartholomay</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Brugada-like electrocardiographic changes induced by
                  hypokalemia</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>100</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>e35</fpage>
          <lpage>e37</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Baranchuk A, Nguyen T, Ryu MH, Femen&#237;a F, Zareba W, Wilde AA, et al.
               Brugada phenocopy: new terminology and proposed classification. Ann Noninvasive
               Electrocardiol. 2012;17(4):299-314.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nguyen</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ryu</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Femen&#237;a</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zareba</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wilde</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Brugada phenocopy: new terminology and proposed
                  classification</article-title>
          <source>Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>299</fpage>
          <lpage>314</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B03">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Anselm DD, Baranchuk A. Brugada Phenocopy: redefinition and updated
               classification. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(3):453.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Anselm</surname>
              <given-names>DD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Brugada Phenocopy: redefinition and updated
                  classification</article-title>
          <source>Am J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>453</fpage>
          <lpage>453</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B04">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Anselm DD, Baranchuk A. Brugada Phenocopy in the context of pulmonary
               embolism. Int J Cardiol. Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Anselm</surname>
              <given-names>DD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Brugada Phenocopy in the context of pulmonary
                  embolism</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <month>Feb</month>
          <day>25</day>
          <comment>[Epub ahead of print]</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B05">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Anselm DD, Baranchuk A. Brugada Phenocopy Emerging as a New Concept.
               Rev Esp Cardiol. 2013;66(9):755.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Anselm</surname>
              <given-names>DD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Brugada Phenocopy Emerging as a New
                  Concept</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>66</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>755</fpage>
          <lpage>755</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter To The Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Possible Brugada Phenocopy Induced by Hypokalemia in a
               Patient with Congenital Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Anselm</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Genaro</surname>
            <given-names>Natalia Rodriguez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baranchuk</surname>
            <given-names>Adrian</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Queen's University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Kingston General Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia, Eletrofisiologia e
               Ritmo Card&#237;aco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ontario</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Eletrofisiologia e
               Ritmo Card&#237;aco, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario,
               Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital General de Agudos Donaci&#243;n Francisco
               Santojanni</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Agudos Donaci&#243;n Francisco
               Santojanni, Buenos Aires, Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Adrian Baranchuk</bold>, Associate Professor of Medicine -
               Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital K7L 2V7, Queen's
               University. Email: <email>barancha@kgh.kari.net</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Brugada Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypokalemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="1"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Dear Editor,</title>
        <p>We read with great interest the case report by Gazzoni et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> regarding a Brugada ECG pattern induced by hypokalemia. This
               paper is important because it contributes to the growing body of literature
               describing Brugada Phenocopies (BrP)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>.</p>
        <p>Briefly, BrP are characterized by ECG patterns that are identical to type-1 or type-2
               Brugada ECG patterns despite the absence of true congenital Brugada Syndrome (BrS).
               BrP are induced by various clinical circumstances including: hypokalemia,
               hyperkalemia, hypothermia, myocardial ischemia, and pulmonary embolism. We have
               established six etiological categories of BrP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref> along with a
               systematic approach to diagnose BrP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> by
               excluding sodium channel dysfunction in the myocardium. The presented case by Gazzoni
               et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> would possibly qualify under category
               (i) metabolic conditions; however, further analysis of this case report is
               required.</p>
        <p>Specifically, this is the first report of a possible BrP induced by hypokalemia in
               association with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP). Patients with HPP are known to
               have gene mutations resulting in abnormalities of either dihydropyridine sensitive
               calcium channels or sodium channels (SCN4A) in <italic>skeletal</italic> muscles.
               Patients with true congenital BrS have mutations in the <italic>myocardial</italic>
               sodium channels (SCN5A) and the association in this patient is most intriguing and
               remains speculative. The type-1 "coved" Brugada ECG pattern observed in this patient
               could have been induced by the transient serum hypokalemia (which would qualify this
               as a BrP) or there may be a congenital dysfunction in this patient's sodium channels
               in both his skeletal muscles (HPP) and myocardium resulting in the ECG abnormalities.
               Therefore, we recommend to the authors that a myocardial provocative challenge with a
               sodium channel blocker such as procainamide, ajmaline, or flecainide be performed to
               rule out myocardial sodium channel dysfunction. In addition, we also suggest that
               future reports use the established term <italic>Brugada Phenocopy</italic> to provide
               consistency in the literature and facilitate future research.</p>
        <p>We are establishing an international registry database at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.burgadaphenocopy.com">www.burgadaphenocopy.com</ext-link> and invite Gazzoni et al<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref> to submit this case along with future cases to the registry
               should they satisfy the BrP diagnostic criteria<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. The goal of this registry is to provide long-term follow-up and insight
               into the pathophysiology and natural history of patients presenting with BrP.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
