<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="3.0" article-type="case-report" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Bq7YJ3knNcJHGWKTnsVJ6cv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000100018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">0018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130246</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Apresenta&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica At&#237;pica de Cardiomiopatia
					Biventricular Arritmog&#234;nica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rangel</surname>
            <given-names>In&#234;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campelo</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Frutuoso</surname>
            <given-names>Cec&#237;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Madureira</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maciel</surname>
            <given-names>Maria J&#250;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o, Porto -
					Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto,
					Porto - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: In&#234;s Rangel,</bold> Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Centro
					Hospitalar de S. Jo&#227;o. Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. C&#243;digo Postal
					4200-319, Porto, Portugal. E-mail: <email>inesrang@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e3</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Displasia Arritmog&#234;nica Ventricular Direita / complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Displasia Arritmog&#234;nica Ventricular Direita / diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hereditariedade</kwd>
        <kwd>Morte S&#250;bita Card&#237;aca</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica do ventr&#237;culo direito (CAVD) &#233; uma doen&#231;a heredit&#225;ria
				que afeta o m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco. &#201; clinicamente caracterizado por arritmias
				ventriculares que apresentam risco &#224; vida. Embora afete principalmente o ventr&#237;culo
				direito, o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo tamb&#233;m pode estar envolvido<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
				<sup>,</sup>
				<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. No entanto, as manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e o
				progn&#243;stico de cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica biventricular ainda n&#227;o foram
				estabelecidos. Apresentamos um caso de CAVD com envolvimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo
				(VE), sem sintomas t&#237;picos nem hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico relevante.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato do Caso</title>
      <p>Uma mulher de 57 anos com hipertens&#227;o apresentou um hist&#243;rico de 6 meses de dor
				tor&#225;cica at&#237;pica. Al&#233;m disso, a terapia de manuten&#231;&#227;o em andamento com azatioprina
				para a doen&#231;a de Crohn e um adenoma adrenal n&#227;o funcional foi observada. O hist&#243;rico
				familiar era irrelevante, e os resultados de exames f&#237;sicos eram normais.</p>
      <p>A eletrocardiografia revelou um ritmo sinusal normal, desvio do eixo esquerdo, e
				invers&#227;o da onda T em eletrodos precordiais do V2 ao V6. Al&#233;m disso, uma onda
				&#233;psilon nos eletrodos V1-V3 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>) levou &#224;
				suspeita de CAVD. O monitoramento com o eletrocardiograma com Holter 24h apresentou
				apenas extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares ocasionais com a morfologia do bloqueio do ramo
				esquerdo e nenhuma arritmia card&#237;aca significativa. Avalia&#231;&#245;es adicionais inclu&#237;ram
				imagiologia por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca (RMC), a qual revelou uma dilata&#231;&#227;o
				do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) com um volume diast&#243;lico final indexado de 110
					ml/m<sup>2</sup> e disfun&#231;&#227;o leve (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o = 44%). N&#227;o foram observados
				sinais de infiltra&#231;&#227;o de tecido adiposo, mas foi observada discinesia regional do VD
				na parede livre e trato de sa&#237;da (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2A</xref>).
				O VE estava levemente dilatado (90 ml/m<sup>2</sup>), e a fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica estava em
				um limite inferior ao normal. A an&#225;lise de fluxo n&#227;o revelou desvios na aorta ou na
				art&#233;ria pulmonar. Um realce tardio subepic&#225;rdico foi observado nos segmentos basal
				lateral e m&#233;dio do VE, bem como uma pequena &#225;rea focal da parede livre do VD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2B</xref>). Esses achados sugeriram um
				diagn&#243;stico de CAVD com envolvimento do VE.</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>ECG em repouso com 12 eletrodos, mostrando a invers&#227;o da onda T do V2 ao
						V6 (principais crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico) e ondas &#233;psilon no V1-V3
						(principais crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e3-30246-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title><bold>A)</bold> A imagiologia por cinerresson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica de precess&#227;o
						livre em estado de equil&#237;brio (vis&#227;o do eixo longo do VD) indicou discinesia
						regional do VD (setas) no final da s&#237;stole. <bold>B)</bold> Imagiologia da
						RMC obtida 10 min. ap&#243;s a inje&#231;&#227;o de gadol&#237;nio (0,1 mM). Observe a dilata&#231;&#227;o
						tardia subepic&#225;rdica na parede lateral do VE (setas) pr&#243;xima a uma pequena
						&#225;rea da dilata&#231;&#227;o tardia no VD.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e3-30246-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Neste caso envolvendo uma paciente com sintomas at&#237;picos, sem arritmia cl&#237;nica, e um
				hist&#243;rico familiar negativo, tr&#234;s crit&#233;rios cruciais levaram ao diagn&#243;stico
				definitivo de CAVD: ondas T invertidas nos eletrodos precordiais e a aus&#234;ncia de
				bloqueio completo do ramo direito; onda &#233;psilon nos eletrodos precordiais direitos;
				e discinesia regional no VD com volume diast&#243;lico final indexado de &#8805;100
					ml/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>O envolvimento do VE na CAVD foi reconhecido em v&#225;rios estudos e pode ocorrer em
				&gt;75% dos pacientes com progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. A RMC &#233; uma t&#233;cnica ideal para auxiliar no diagn&#243;stico desta
					condi&#231;&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Particularmente, em pacientes
				assintom&#225;ticos, o diagn&#243;stico diferencial de CAVD deve ser considerado. Futuras
				investiga&#231;&#245;es devem esclarecer a relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica desses achados e o progn&#243;stico
				de pacientes com cardiomiopatia arritmog&#234;nica biventricular.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</title>
      <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Rangel I; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Rangel I, Madureira AJ;
				An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Vasconcelos M, Campelo M, Frutuoso C, Madureira
				AJ; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Rangel I, Vasconcelos M; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito
				quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Vasconcelos M, Campelo M, Frutuoso C, Madureira AJ,
				Maciel MJ.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Igual B, Zorio E, Maceira A, Estornell J, Lopez-Lereu MP,
					Monmeneu JV, et al. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. patterns of ventricular
					involvement using cardiac magnetic resonance. Rev Esp Cardiol.
					2011;64(12):1114-22.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Igual</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zorio</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maceira</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Estornell</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopez-Lereu</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Monmeneu</surname>
              <given-names>JV</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. patterns of
						ventricular involvement using cardiac magnetic resonance</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>64</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1114</fpage>
          <lpage>1122</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Marcus FI, McKenna WJ, Sherrill D, Basso C, Bauce B, Bluemke CA,
					et al. Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia:
					proposed modification of the task force criteria. Circulation.
					2010;121(13):1533-41.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marcus</surname>
              <given-names>FI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McKenna</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sherrill</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Basso</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bauce</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bluemke</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular
						cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the task force
						criteria</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1533</fpage>
          <lpage>1541</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B03">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Sen-Chowdhry S, McKenna WJ. The utility of magnetic resonance
					imaging in the evaluation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
					Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008;23:38-45.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sen-Chowdhry</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McKenna</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the
						evaluation of arrhythmogenic right ventricular
						cardiomyopathy</article-title>
          <source>Curr Opin Cardiol</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>23</volume>
          <fpage>38</fpage>
          <lpage>45</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Atypical Clinical Presentation of Arrhythmogenic
					Biventricular Cardiomyopathy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rangel</surname>
            <given-names>In&#234;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campelo</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Frutuoso</surname>
            <given-names>Cec&#237;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Madureira</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maciel</surname>
            <given-names>Maria J&#250;lia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o, Porto -
					Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country>Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto,
					Porto - Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: In&#234;s Rangel,</bold> Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Centro
					Hospitalar de S. Jo&#227;o. Alameda Professor Hern&#226;ni Monteiro. Postal Code 4200-319,
					Porto, Portugal. E-mail: <email>inesrang@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia / diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Heredity, Death, Sudden, Cardiac</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disease
					affecting the heart muscle. It is clinically characterized by life-threatening
					ventricular arrhythmias. Although it primarily affects the right ventricle, the
					left ventricle might also be involved<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>
					<sup>,</sup>
					<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. However, the clinical manifestations
					and prognosis of biventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy not yet been
					established. We present a case of ARVC with left ventricle (LV) involvement,
					with no typical symptoms and no relevant medical history. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>A 57-year-old hypertensive woman presented with a 6-month history of atypical
					chest pain. In addition, ongoing maintenance therapy with azathioprine for
					Crohn's disease and a nonfunctional adrenal adenoma were observed. Family
					history was unremarkable, and physical examination results were normal.</p>
        <p>Electrocardiography revealed a normal sinus rhythm, left axis deviation, and
					T-wave inversion in precordial leads from V2 to V6. Further, an epsilon wave in
					leads V1-V3 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 1</xref>) led to the
					suspicion of ARVC. Monitoring using a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram documented
					only occasional ventricular extrasystoles with left bundle branch block
					morphology and no significant cardiac arrhythmia. Further evaluation included
					cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, which revealed right ventricular (RV)
					enlargement with an indexed end-diastolic volume of 110 ml/m<sup>2</sup> and
					mild dysfunction (ejection fraction = 44%). No signs of fatty tissue
					infiltration were observed, but regional RV dyskinesia in the free wall and
					outflow tract was identified (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 2A</xref>).
					LV was mildly enlarged (90 ml/m<sup>2</sup>), and systolic function was at the
					lower limit of normal. Flow analysis revealed no shunts in the aorta and
					pulmonary artery. Subepicardial delayed enhancement was observed the lateral
					basal and middle segments of LV as well as a small focal area of the RV free
					wall (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 2B</xref>). These findings suggested
					a diagnosis of ARVC with LV involvement.</p>
        <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Resting 12-lead ECG showing T-wave inversion from V2 to V6 (major
							diagnostic criteria) and epsilon waves in V1&#8211;V3 (major diagnostic
							criteria).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e3-30246-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title><bold>A)</bold> Steady-state free precession cine magnetic resonance
							imaging (RV long axis view) indicated regional RV dyskinesia (arrows) at
							end-systole. <bold>B)</bold> CMR imaging acquired 10 min after
							gadolinium injection (0.1 mM). Note the subepicardial late enhancement
							in the LV lateral wall (arrows) proximal to a small area of late
							enhancement in the RV.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e3-30246-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>In this case involving a patient with atypical symptoms, no clinical arrhythmia,
					and a negative family history, three major criteria led to the definite
					diagnosis of ARVC: inverted T waves in the precordial leads in the absence of
					complete right bundle branch block; epsilon wave in the right precordial leads;
					and regional RV dyskinesia with indexed end-diastolic volume &#8805; 100
						ml/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
        <p>LV involvement in ARVC has been recognized in several studies and can occur in
					&gt;75% patients with disease progression<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. CMR is an ideal technique to aid in the diagnosis of this
						condition<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Particularly, in
					asymptomatic patients, the differential diagnosis of ARVC should be considered.
					Future investigations should clarify the clinical relevance of these findings
					and the prognosis of patients with biventricular arrhythmogenic
					cardiomyopathy.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Author contributions</title>
        <p>Conception and design of the research: Rangel I; Acquisition of data: Rangel I,
					Madureira AJ; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Vasconcelos M, Campelo M,
					Frutuoso C, Madureira AJ; Writing of the manuscript: Rangel I, Vasconcelos M;
					Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Vasconcelos M,
					Campelo M, Frutuoso C, Madureira AJ, Maciel MJ.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
