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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras.
					Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">4Yk55JLmLnC6Bt3Py58qNvb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000100017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">0017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130250</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Caso 1/2014 - Homem de 24 Anos de Idade com Ventr&#237;culo
					&#218;nico do Tipo Esquerdo em Hip&#243;xia Cr&#244;nica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo B.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Patricia O.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Succi</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiana Passos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o
						Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj. 73,
					Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail:
						<email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e1</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
						Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits
						unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
						medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Procedimento de Blalock-Taussig</kwd>
        <kwd>T&#233;cnica de Fontan</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose de Valva Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="0"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos:</bold> Cansa&#231;o aos pequenos esfor&#231;os e acentua&#231;&#227;o da cianose s&#227;o
			notados h&#225; dois anos. Foi operado com 17 dias e com nove meses para Blalock-Taussig &#224;
			direita e &#224; esquerda, respectivamente. Manteve-se com satura&#231;&#227;o acima de 85%, mas Hct =
			65% e Hg = 19 g/dl orientaram a realiza&#231;&#227;o de Glenn bidirecional com 19 anos.
			Cateterismo card&#237;aco com 20 anos revelou press&#227;o m&#233;dia pulmonar de 22 mmHg, o que
			postergou a indica&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria para completar o princ&#237;pio de Fontan. Permaneceu em uso
			de AAS, com satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio superior a 80%, Hct = 63% e Hg = 20 g/dl.</p>
    <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico:</bold> Eupneico, cian&#243;tico +, pulsos normais, sem turg&#234;ncia jugular.
			Peso: 58 kg, altura 163 cm, PA: 90/60 mmHg, FC: 78 bpm, satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio = 83%.
			Aorta palpada ++ na f&#250;rcula.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> no 4.&#186; e 5.&#186; espa&#231;os intercostais esquerdos e
			impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas discretas na BEE. Bulhas card&#237;acas hiperfon&#233;ticas; sopro sist&#243;lico,
			++, rude, BEE e ponta; sopro cont&#237;nuo discreto na f&#250;rcula. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>Exames complementares</title>
      <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de sobrecarga
				biatrial e de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. A onda P era apiculada em I, V2-5 e alargada em
				II, F, V5-6, com deflex&#227;o negativa em V1 e V2. O complexo QRS era de morfologia RS
				em V1 e Rs em V6. AQRS: +120&#186;, AT: &#8722;60&#186;, AP: +40&#186;.</p>
      <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostrou &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada em grau discreto
				(&#237;ndice cardiotor&#225;cico: 0,54) com arcos, ventricular e m&#233;dio esquerdos longos. A
				trama vascular pulmonar era aumentada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura
					1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada, arcos ventricular e
						m&#233;dio esquerdos longos, e trama vascular pulmonar aumentada. O arco m&#233;dio
						sugere a aorta emergindo do ventr&#237;culo direito &#224; esquerda. Ecocardiograma
						apical de quatro c&#226;maras salienta, em A, a dupla via de entrada de
						ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico esquerdo com duas valvas atrioventriculares, e, em B, na
						mesma proje&#231;&#227;o, insufici&#234;ncia moderada da valva atrioventricular direita
						(mosaico de regurgita&#231;&#227;o).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e1-30250-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>) mostrou
				dupla via de entrada de ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico esquerdo com discord&#226;ncia
				ventriculoarterial, aorta emergindo do ventr&#237;culo direito rudimentar &#224; esquerda e
				atresia valvar pulmonar. O ventr&#237;culo principal tinha di&#226;metro de 80 mm e havia
				insufici&#234;ncia da valva atrioventricular, moderada &#224; direita e discreta &#224; esquerda. A
				fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular era de 58% pelo m&#233;todo Sympson. As anastomoses do tipo
				Blalock-Taussig estavam patentes dos dois lados e Glenn funcionante. As art&#233;rias
				pulmonares eram de calibre adequado, com estenose discreta &#224; esquerda.</p>
      <p><bold>Cateterismo e tomografia card&#237;aca</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>): Visualizou-se um vaso venoso que desviava o fluxo da veia
				cava superior direita pela veia inominada e da&#237; para o seio coron&#225;rio. A press&#227;o
				m&#233;dia da art&#233;ria pulmonar era de 17 mmHg e, ap&#243;s o fechamento moment&#226;neo da veia
				inominada por cateter-bal&#227;o, passou a 19 mmHg. A resist&#234;ncia vascular pulmonar era
				de 1,6 UW.</p>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiocardiografia card&#237;aca salienta a veia cava superior direita em
						conex&#227;o com a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita de bom calibre e o in&#237;cio do vaso
						venovenoso em A, que se continua bordeando o cora&#231;&#227;o, em B, e desemboca no
						&#225;trio direito, em C. A art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda &#233; de bom calibre e com
						discreto estreitamento pr&#233;-hilar em D.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e1-30250-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> Dupla via de entrada de ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico esquerdo,
				discord&#226;ncia ventriculoarterial com aorta &#224; esquerda, atresia pulmonar,
				Blalock-Taussig bilateral, Glenn bidirecional, estenose da art&#233;ria pulmonar
				esquerda, insufici&#234;ncia das valvas atrioventriculares e vaso venovenoso para seio
				coron&#225;rio, em hip&#243;xia cr&#244;nica.</p>
      <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> Os elementos cl&#237;nicos de cardiopatia cianog&#234;nica
				com hipofluxo pulmonar e hipoxemia de longa data se expressam por cansa&#231;o e eleva&#231;&#227;o
				do hemat&#243;crito. As bulhas hiperfon&#233;ticas orientam a m&#225; posi&#231;&#227;o arterial com
				obstru&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo pulmonar, compensado pelas anastomoses sistemicopulmonares, estas
				exteriorizadas pelo sopro cont&#237;nuo. Sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo no ECG orienta
				ao diagn&#243;stico de ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico esquerdo, e o surgimento da insufici&#234;ncia das
				valvas atrioventriculares decorre da sobrecarga de volume imposta ao longo do tempo.
				Radiografia de t&#243;rax sugere a aorta &#224; esquerda (arco m&#233;dio longo).</p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Cardiopatias com ventr&#237;culo direito rudimentar
				do tipo atresia tric&#250;spide se acompanham de hemibloqueio esquerdo. A maior
				dificuldade diagn&#243;stica diferencial ocorre em presen&#231;a de outras anomalias que se
				acompanham de ventr&#237;culo direito hipopl&#225;sico.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face da repercuss&#227;o hipox&#234;mica de longa data com
				manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas desfavor&#225;veis, a opera&#231;&#227;o cavopulmonar foi indicada, al&#233;m da
				corre&#231;&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia das valvas atrioventriculares, da ligadura das anastomoses
				sistemicopulmonares e do vaso venovenoso, mais estenose da art&#233;ria pulmonar
				esquerda. O risco operat&#243;rio foi estimado acentuado pelo aumento da press&#227;o
				pulmonar, pela disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular apesar de discreta e os outros fatores
				mencionados, al&#233;m da idade adulta. A baixa resist&#234;ncia pulmonar com satura&#231;&#227;o de
				oxig&#234;nio alta constituiu fator atenuante. A programa&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria foi completada
				com os passos tra&#231;ados anteriormente. Procedeu-se ao fechamento da valva AV direita,
				malformada e de dif&#237;cil reparo. Tubo externo 20 foi inserido entre a veia cava
				inferior e a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita, com fenestra&#231;&#227;o de 4 mm entre o tubo e a
				cavidade atrial. Evolu&#231;&#227;o imediata foi favor&#225;vel, com extuba&#231;&#227;o endotraqueal nas
				primeiras horas, press&#227;o venosa central inferior a 14 mmHg e satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio
				superior a 90%.</p>
      <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> Embora seja paliativa a opera&#231;&#227;o de Fontan, com
				complicadores evolutivos, continua a oferecer boas perspectivas desde que obede&#231;a
				rigorosamente aos crit&#233;rios de indica&#231;&#227;o. No adulto, dados os fatores adquiridos
				obrigat&#243;rios em cardiopatias com sobrecargas de dura&#231;&#227;o prolongada, o risco
				operat&#243;rio se torna maior (10%). Nessa circunst&#226;ncia, a dificuldade de indica&#231;&#227;o
				cir&#250;rgica reside em aspectos adquiridos, como disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, les&#245;es
				anat&#244;micas das valvas, al&#233;m da press&#227;o mais elevada na art&#233;ria pulmonar, entre
				outros. Esses elementos devem ser contrabalan&#231;ados com a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica
				desfavor&#225;vel decorrente dos elementos representativos da hip&#243;xia cr&#244;nica. Os
				benef&#237;cios p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios podem suplant&#225;-los; por isso o racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico deve
				priorizar elementos considerados revers&#237;veis.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 1/2014 - 24-Year-Old Man with Left Single
					Ventricle in Chronic Hypoxia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo B.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Patricia O.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Succi</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiana Passos</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <aff>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr. Edmar Atik, S&#227;o
						Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik</bold>, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela
					Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. Email:
						<email>eatik@cardiol.br</email>, <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Blalock-Taussig Procedure</kwd>
        <kwd>Fontan Procedure</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="0"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Clinical data:</bold> Fatigue on mild exertion and accentuated cyanosis have
				been noted two years ago. He was operated at 17 days and at nine months for right
				and left Blalock Taussig, respectively. The saturation remained above 85%, but Hct =
				65% and Hb = 19 g/dl guided the performance of bidirectional Glenn at 19 years old.
				Cardiac catheterization at 20 years revealed average pulmonary pressure of 22 mmHg,
				which postponed the operative indication to complete the Fontan principle. He
				remained using aspirin, with oxygen saturation above 80%, Hct = 63%, and Hg = 20
				g/dl.</p>
      <p><bold>Physical examination:</bold> Eupneic, cyanotic +, normal pulses, no jugular
				venous distension. Weight 58 kg, height 163 cm, BP: 90/60 mmHg, HR: 78 bpm, oxygen
				saturation = 83%. Palpable aorta ++ at supra sternal notch.</p>
      <p>In precordium, ictus cordis at the 4th and 5th LICS and discrete systolic impulses in
				LSB. Hyperphonetic heart sounds, systolic murmur, + +, rough, LSB, and tip; discrete
				continuous murmur at supra sternal notch. The liver was not palpable.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary tests</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram</bold> showed sinus rhythm and signs of biatrial and
					left ventricle overloads. P wave was peaked in I, V2-5, and extended in II, F,
					V5-6, with negative deflection in V1 and V2. The QRS complex was of RS
					morphology in V1 and Rs in V6. AQRS: +120&#186;, AT: -60&#186;, AP: +40&#186;.</p>
        <p><bold>Chest radiography</bold> showed an enlarged heart of mild degree
					(cardiothoracic ratio: 0.54) with left long ventricular arch and also a long
					left medium arch. The pulmonary vascular bed was increased (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>The chest X-ray shows an enlarged heart, long ventricular and long
							middle left arch, and increased pulmonary vascular bed. The middle arch
							suggests the aorta emerging from the right ventricle to the left.
							Four-chamber apical echocardiography highlights in A the double inlet
							tract of single left ventricle with two atrioventricular valves, and in
							B, in the same projection, moderate insufficiency of the right
							atrioventricular valve (mosaic of regurgitation).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e1-30250-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 1</xref>)
					showed double inlet tract of single left ventricle with ventriculoarterial
					discordance, aorta emerging from the right rudimentary ventricle to the left and
					pulmonary valve atresia. The main ventricle had a diameter of 80mm and there was
					moderate atrioventricular valve insufficiency to the right and mild to the left.
					Ventricular function was 58% by the Sympson method. The anastomosis of
					Blalock-Taussig type was patent on both sides and Glenn functioning. The
					pulmonary arteries were of appropriate size, with mild stenosis to the left.</p>
        <p><bold>Catheterization and cardiac tomography </bold>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figure 2</xref>) revealed a venous vessel diverting the flow of
					the right superior vena cava by the innominate vein to the coronary sinus. The
					pulmonary artery mean pressure was 17 mmHg, and after the momentary closure of
					the innominate vein by balloon catheter, it increased to 19 mmHg. Pulmonary
					vascular resistance was 1.6 UW.</p>
        <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Heart angiocardiography highlights the right superior vena cava in
							connection with the right pulmonary artery of good diameter, and the
							beginning of the venovenous vessel in A, which continues bordering the
							heart, B, and goes into the right atrium, in C. The left pulmonary
							artery is of good caliber and with discrete pre-hilar narrowing in
							D.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-00e1-30250-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis:</bold> Double inlet tract of the single left
					ventricle, ventriculoarterial discordance with aorta to the left, pulmonary
					atresia, bilateral Blalock-Taussig, bidirectional Glenn, pulmonary artery
					stenosis to the left, atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and venovenous
					insufficiency to the coronary sinus, in chronic hypoxia.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical reasoning:</bold> The clinical elements of cyanotic heart disease
					with decreased pulmonary blood flow and long term hypoxemia manifest themselves
					as fatigue and increased hematocrit. The hyperphonetic heart sounds guide to the
					arterial malposition with obstruction to pulmonary blood flow, compensated by
					systemic pulmonary anastomoses, these externalized by continuous murmur. Left
					ventricular overload on ECG directs to diagnosis of single left ventricle, and
					the emergence of atrioventricular valve insufficiency results from volume
					overload over time. Chest radiography suggests the aorta to the left (long
					middle arch).</p>
        <p><bold>Differential Diagnosis:</bold> Heart diseases with rudimentary right
					ventricle of tricuspid atresia type are accompanied by left hemiblock. The most
					difficult differential diagnosis occurs in the presence of other abnormalities
					that are accompanied by hypoplastic right ventricle.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Given the impact of long-term hypoxemia with unfavorable
					clinical manifestation, cavopulmonary operation was indicated, in addition to
					correction of atrioventricular valve insufficiency, ligature of systemic
					pulmonary anastomoses and venovenous vessel, and stenosis of the left pulmonary
					artery. The surgical risk was estimated by the marked increase in pulmonary
					pressure, the left ventricular dysfunction, despite of being discrete, and the
					other factors mentioned, in addition to the adult age. The low pulmonary
					resistance with high oxygen saturation constituted a mitigating factor. The
					surgical planning was completed with the steps previously outlined. Proceeded to
					the right AV valve closure, which was malformed and difficult to repair. Outer
					tube 20 was inserted between the inferior vena cava and right pulmonary artery,
					with 4-mm fenestration between the tube and the atrial cavity. The immediate
					evolution was favorable, with endotracheal extubation in the early hours,
					central venous pressure lower than 14 mmHg, and oxygen saturation above 90%.</p>
        <p><bold>Comments:</bold> Although palliative, the Fontan operation, with evolution
					complicating factors, continues to offer good prospects provided the indication
					criteria are strictly observed. In the adult, given the obligatory acquired
					factors in heart diseases with long-lasting overloads, the surgical risk becomes
					higher (10%). In this circumstance, the difficulty of the surgical indication
					lies on acquired aspects, such as ventricular dysfunction, anatomical lesions of
					the valves, in addition to high pressure in the pulmonary artery, among others.
					These elements are to be counteracted with unfavorable clinical evolution
					resulting from representative elements of chronic hypoxia. The post-operative
					benefits can supersede them; therefore, clinical reasoning should prioritize
					elements considered reversible.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
