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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">qtHhhVW66VdKkFS8kQGBtTS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2014000100002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2014000100002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">0002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2014000100002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20140001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Especial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="pt">Preval&#234;ncia das Doen&#231;as Card&#237;acas Ilustrada em 60 Anos dos
               Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nather</surname>
            <given-names>Julio Cesar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff01">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o
                  Preto</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia da Faculdade
                  de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP
                  - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora,</bold> Rua Rui Barbosa, 367/15,
               Centro. CEP 14015-120, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brasil. E-mail:
                  <email>prbevora@cardiol.br</email>, <email>prbevora@fmrp.usp.br</email>
            </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <month>1</month>
        <year>2014</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>102</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>3</fpage>
      <lpage>9</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2013</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
                  Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted
                  non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
                  original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="pt">
        <p>Considerando a relev&#226;ncia hist&#243;rica e acad&#234;mica dos Arquivos Brasileiros de
               Cardiologia, posto que sua indexa&#231;&#227;o no MEDLINE iniciou-se em 1950, assumiu-se como
               hip&#243;tese que a an&#225;lise das publica&#231;&#245;es de 60 anos poderia refletir as tend&#234;ncias
               evolutivas das doen&#231;as card&#237;acas no Brasil.</p>
        <p>Os dados do trabalho foram coletados com um programa desenvolvido para a finalidade,
               tornando poss&#237;vel a extra&#231;&#227;o autom&#225;tica das informa&#231;&#245;es do banco de dados MEDLINE. As
               informa&#231;&#245;es do trabalho foram coletadas pesquisando-se "Arquivos Brasileiros de
               Cardiologia AND par&#226;metro selecionado em ingl&#234;s". Foram arbitrados quatro grupos
               observacionais: (1) principais grupos de doen&#231;as do cora&#231;&#227;o (doen&#231;a arterial
               coronariana, valvulopatia card&#237;aca, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e cardiomiopatias); (2)
               doen&#231;as relevantes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica (arritmias card&#237;acas, Cor Pulmonale, infarto do
               mioc&#225;rdio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva); (3) fatores de risco cardiovascular
               (hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabete, dislipidemia e aterosclerose), e; (4) grupo arbitrado
               em fun&#231;&#227;o da evolu&#231;&#227;o crescente das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca
               congestiva constadas nos grupos anteriores (insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva,
               infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, cardiopatia reum&#225;tica e cardiopatia chag&#225;sica).</p>
        <p>Foram descritas todas as publica&#231;&#245;es dentro dos grupos estabelecidos, ressaltando-se
               o crescente aumento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e do diabete como fatores de risco. Foi
               poss&#237;vel um levantamento relativamente f&#225;cil, com aux&#237;lio do programa de computa&#231;&#227;o
               desenvolvido para a pesquisa bibliogr&#225;fica de seis d&#233;cadas. Ressaltando-se as
               limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, sugere-se a exist&#234;ncia de um elo epidemiol&#243;gico entre as
               doen&#231;as cardiol&#243;gicas prevalentes no Brasil e as publica&#231;&#245;es dos Arquivos Brasileiros
               de Cardiologia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Na apresenta&#231;&#227;o do memorial dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (ABC) consta que,
            nos primeiros anos de sua exist&#234;ncia, o grande desafio da Sociedade Brasileira de
            Cardiologia (SBC) foi a organiza&#231;&#227;o de seus congressos, de modo a torn&#225;-los regulares e
            produtivos, o que, para aquele tempo, era uma tarefa complexa e abrangente,
            principalmente devido &#224;s dificuldades de transporte e de comunica&#231;&#227;o ent&#227;o vigentes. O
            segundo trabalho de maior relev&#226;ncia foi a cria&#231;&#227;o de um &#243;rg&#227;o de divulga&#231;&#227;o pr&#243;prio,
            uma vez que os j&#225; existentes na Europa e nos Estados Unidos tinham grande penetra&#231;&#227;o nos
            meios acad&#234;micos brasileiros, mas n&#227;o alcan&#231;avam a massa de m&#233;dicos que aqui praticava a
            Cardiologia, sobretudo representada por cl&#237;nicos gerais. A ideia de um &#243;rg&#227;o de
            divulga&#231;&#227;o foi logo colocada em pr&#225;tica, criando-se uma revista que, na &#233;poca,
            representava uma aut&#234;ntica ousadia, j&#225; que pertencia a uma especialidade ainda
            emergente, pois, na maioria dos centros m&#233;dicos, a Cardiologia ainda fazia parte da
            cl&#237;nica m&#233;dica. Tal iniciativa atesta que os fundadores da SBC consideraram, desde o
            in&#237;cio, a necessidade de um ve&#237;culo que pudesse registrar e divulgar os eventos e
            trabalhos cient&#237;ficos produzidos por seus membros, iniciativa esta que foi sacramentada
            em sua ata de funda&#231;&#227;o, em 14 de agosto de 1943<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. </p>
      <p>Com mais de 60 anos &#8722; exatamente 70 anos de exist&#234;ncia desde sua funda&#231;&#227;o, os ABC s&#227;o a
            publica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica oficial da SBC e o principal ve&#237;culo de divulga&#231;&#227;o das pesquisas
            cient&#237;ficas brasileiras na &#225;rea das ci&#234;ncias cardiovasculares. Publicados em dois
            idiomas (portugu&#234;s e ingl&#234;s) e indexados nas principais bases de dados internacionais
            (ISI Web of Science, Cumulated Index Medicus, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, SciELO e LILACS),
            os ABC t&#234;m fator de impacto m&#233;dio de 1,2 de acordo com a Thompson Reuters. Esse fato
            significa um patamar semelhante &#224; maioria dos peri&#243;dicos indexados no ISI Web of Science
            na &#225;rea de Cardiologia. Al&#233;m disso, os ABC s&#227;o classificados atualmente como Qualis B2
            pela Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (Capes), situa&#231;&#227;o que
            colabora para uma melhor pontua&#231;&#227;o dos Programas de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o com linhas de pesquisa
            em ci&#234;ncias cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>. </p>
      <p>Assim, considerando a relev&#226;ncia hist&#243;rica e acad&#234;mica dos ABC, com sua indexa&#231;&#227;o no
            MEDLINE em 1950, e certos da grande possibilidade da exist&#234;ncia de vieses importantes,
            assumiu-se como hip&#243;tese que a an&#225;lise das publica&#231;&#245;es de 60 anos poderia refletir as
            tend&#234;ncias evolutivas das doen&#231;as card&#237;acas no Brasil. Essa hip&#243;tese definiu o racional
            da presente investiga&#231;&#227;o que, em outras palavras, procurou estabelecer a exist&#234;ncia de
            uma rela&#231;&#227;o temporal entre as doen&#231;as card&#237;acas prevalentes no Brasil com as publica&#231;&#245;es
            dos ABC.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Os dados do trabalho foram coletados com aux&#237;lio de um programa in&#233;dito utilizando a
            linguagem LINUX, desenvolvido por um dos autores (JCN), que se constituiu em um m&#233;todo
            autom&#225;tico de informa&#231;&#245;es do banco de dados MEDLINE<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. Para isso, bastou fornecer, como filtros, uma lista de palavras e
            par&#226;metros de interesse. Assim, as informa&#231;&#245;es foram processadas e armazenadas em um
            arquivo Microsoft-Excel com formata&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-definida. Ressalte-se que a cria&#231;&#227;o desse
            programa permitiu coletar grande quantidade de dados em curto per&#237;odo de tempo,
            tornando-se uma ferramenta que, seguramente, ter&#225; utilidade em novas investiga&#231;&#245;es. O
            programa &#233; feito na linguagem <italic>python</italic>, usando algumas bibliotecas como
               <italic>windmill</italic> (faz a interface com o navegador, consegue manipular
            p&#225;ginas com scripts Java, CSV (MEDLINE) e MS-Excel. Ainda n&#227;o h&#225; uma interface gr&#225;fica,
            o que traz certa dificuldade, pois o programa deve ser manipulado inteiramente no
            terminal de comando. A programa&#231;&#227;o da lista de palavras foi feita em um arquivo de texto
            (.txt) respeitando a ordem de uma palavra por linha. Os dados coletados foram
            especificados manualmente, sendo esta a etapa mais complicada, pois se devia ter
            conhecimento de programa&#231;&#227;o. Ressalte-se que o programa pode ser usado tanto em sistema
            operacional Windows como em Linux.</p>
      <p>As informa&#231;&#245;es do trabalho foram coletadas pesquisando "Arquivos Brasileiros de
            Cardiologia AND par&#226;metro selecionado em ingl&#234;s". Filtros foram aplicados aos resultados
            apresentados, para, ent&#227;o, contabilizar o n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es para cada doen&#231;a. Com a
            finalidade de calcular as porcentagens por dec&#234;nio, uma pesquisa com o termo "Arquivos
            Brasileiros de Cardiologia" foi feita para contar o n&#250;mero total de artigos publicados
            pela revista e indexados no MEDLINE a partir de 1950. Inseriram-se uma lista de palavras
            a serem pesquisadas e os par&#226;metros que deviam ser extra&#237;dos de cada resultado da
            pesquisa. Esses par&#226;metros podiam ser nomes, datas, ou qualquer outra palavra de
            interesse. O programa abre todas as As informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o coletadas e, ent&#227;o, processadas
            de diversas maneiras. No caso, os resultados foram distribu&#237;dos em dec&#234;nios, sendo
            calculadas as porcentagens dos valores em cada per&#237;odo em rela&#231;&#227;o ao total, criando-se
            um arquivo de MS-Excel com os valores finais. </p>
      <p>Foram arbitrados quatro grupos observacionais: (1) principais grupos de doen&#231;as do
            cora&#231;&#227;o (doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, valvopatia card&#237;aca, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e
            cardiomiopatias); (2) doen&#231;as prevalentes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica (arritmias card&#237;acas, Cor
            Pulmonale, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva); (3) fatores de
            risco cardiovascular (hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabete, dislipidemia e aterosclerose); e
            (4) grupo arbitrado em fun&#231;&#227;o da evolu&#231;&#227;o crescente das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre insufici&#234;ncia
            card&#237;aca congestiva (insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio,
            cardiopatia reum&#225;tica e cardiopatia chag&#225;sica).</p>
      <p>Consideraram-se os trabalhos publicados com humanos e os resultados foram apresentados
            como composi&#231;&#245;es de gr&#225;ficos de barras verticais (valores absolutos) e gr&#225;ficos lineares
            (valores percentuais representando a linha do tempo).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Os gr&#225;ficos t&#234;m como abscissa os dec&#234;nios e como ordenada a quantidade de resultados do
            par&#226;metro escolhido dividida pela quantidade total de resultados no dec&#234;nio. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> representa a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos grandes grupos de
            doen&#231;as card&#237;acas; a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> representa as
            publica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a quatro par&#226;metros arbitrados por sua import&#226;ncia na pr&#225;tica
            cl&#237;nica. Todas as curvas, exceto a da hipertens&#227;o arterial, come&#231;am do zero porque as
            publica&#231;&#245;es come&#231;am a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura
               3</xref> representa fatores de risco cardiovasculares na pesquisa geral e a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 4</xref> mostra a curva de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e
            de poss&#237;veis causas.</p>
      <fig id="f01" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Principais grupos de doen&#231;as do cora&#231;&#227;o (doen&#231;a arterial coronariana,
                  valvopatia card&#237;aca, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e cardiomiopatias)</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f02" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Doen&#231;as prevalentes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica (arritmias card&#237;acas, Cor Pulmonale,
                  infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva)</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f03" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Fatores de risco cardiovascular (hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia
                  e aterosclerose)</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f04" fig-type="other">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Grupo arbitrado em fun&#231;&#227;o da evolu&#231;&#227;o crescente das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre
                  insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva, infarto do
                  mioc&#225;rdio, cardiopatia reum&#225;tica e cardiopatia chag&#225;sica).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os dados dos gr&#225;ficos representados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>
            mostram que a porcentagem de publica&#231;&#245;es sobre doen&#231;as card&#237;acas cong&#234;nitas sofreu uma
            queda na d&#233;cada de 1960 e tiveram um crescimento na d&#233;cada de 1970, permanecendo est&#225;vel
            desde ent&#227;o, com aproximadamente 2% de incid&#234;ncia. J&#225; a curva de valvopatias teve seu
            pico na d&#233;cada de 1950, sofreu grande queda na d&#233;cada de 1960 e, desde ent&#227;o, vem se
            mantendo em queda entre 10 e 14%. A curva de coronariopatias teve grande aumento at&#233; a
            d&#233;cada de 1970, quando apresentou pequena queda, voltando a subir na d&#233;cada de 1980
            atingindo aproximadamente 19% dos casos e, desde ent&#227;o, tem queda baixa. As
            cardiomiopatias apresentaram grande ascens&#227;o quase linear at&#233; a d&#233;cada de 1980, quando
            houve um plat&#244; com m&#225;ximo de aproximadamente 13%, seguido de queda at&#233; 2010-2013, quando
            representou aproximadamente 8% dos casos.</p>
      <p>Assim, considerando-se os grupos assumidos de principais doen&#231;as card&#237;acas, temos as
            seguintes observa&#231;&#245;es: </p>
      <p>-as cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, durante as seis d&#233;cadas, mantiveram um patamar de
            incid&#234;ncia baixo e est&#225;vel. Essa tend&#234;ncia se manteve nos primeiros 3 anos da d&#233;cada de
            2010, coincidindo com a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica; </p>
      <p>-houve predom&#237;nio das valvopatias nas primeiras 2 d&#233;cadas (1950-1970), quando os
            trabalhos sobre coronariopatias alcan&#231;aram e ultrapassaram os relativos &#224;s doen&#231;as da
            cinecoronariografia; </p>
      <p>- &#233; curioso notar que o comportamento das cardiomiopatias cujas publica&#231;&#245;es cresceram
            passaram a apresentar incid&#234;ncia semelhante &#224; incid&#234;ncia das valvopatias j&#225; a partir da
            dedada de 1980. Considerando-se o decl&#237;nio da Cardiopatia Chag&#225;sica como problema de
            sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, n&#227;o seria poss&#237;vel especular que esse aumento estaria ligado &#224; doen&#231;a
            coronariana e/ou &#224; idade avan&#231;ada?</p>
      <p>Os dados dos gr&#225;ficos representados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>
            mostram que a curva de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio apresentou ascens&#227;o na d&#233;cada de 1960,
            mantendo-se praticamente est&#225;vel nos anos 1970. Houve novo aumento importante na d&#233;cada
            de 1980 e, na sequ&#234;ncia, novo plat&#244;, seguido de queda no per&#237;odo de 2010-2013. A curva
            de arritmia apresentou grande aumento na d&#233;cada de 1960, chegando a quase 16% dos
            artigos, seguido de queda quase linear at&#233; aproximadamente 6%. Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca
            congestiva somente aumentou no per&#237;odo estudado, sendo tal aumento ainda mais importante
            na d&#233;cada de 1980 e chegando a aproximadamente 16% no per&#237;odo de 2010-2013. Cor
            Pulmonale manteve-se abaixo de 2% at&#233; a d&#233;cada de 1990, quando teve pequena ascens&#227;o,
            voltando a aproximadamente 2% em 2010-2013. Quando se considerou o grupo de publica&#231;&#245;es
            arbitradas por sua import&#226;ncia na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica (arritmias, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio,
            insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva e Cor Pulmonale) e excluindo-se o Cor Pulmonale, cujas
            publica&#231;&#245;es mantiveram-se em baixo e num patamar est&#225;vel, os outros tr&#234;s par&#226;metros
            apresentaram padr&#245;es pass&#237;veis de interessante discuss&#227;o: </p>
      <p>-a incid&#234;ncia de artigos sobre arritmias card&#237;acas foi mais prevalentes at&#233; a d&#233;cada de
            1990, quando foi igualada pelas publica&#231;&#245;es sobre infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e insufici&#234;ncia
            card&#237;aca congestiva, e entrou em franco decl&#237;nio;</p>
      <p>- na d&#233;cada de 1990, houve perfeito equil&#237;brio entre o n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es; </p>
      <p>-a partir da d&#233;cada de 2000, observou-se um dado extremamente interessante, ou seja, o
            decl&#237;nio das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e o cont&#237;nuo aumento das publica&#231;&#245;es
            sobre insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva. Esse padr&#227;o coincidiu com o padr&#227;o das
            cardiomiopatias, permitindo repetir o coment&#225;rio sobre a influ&#234;ncia da idade e da
            evolu&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; </p>
      <p>Outra considera&#231;&#227;o entre os padr&#245;es de incid&#234;ncia das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre arritmias e Cor
            Pulmonale seria o surgimento de outras revistas especializadas nos assuntos. </p>
      <p>Os dados dos gr&#225;ficos representados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3</xref>
            mostram que a curva de hipertens&#227;o arterial teve grande aumento no per&#237;odo estudado,
            saindo de 4% das publica&#231;&#245;es chegando a mais de 18% em 2010-2013. Diabetes teve aumento
            baixo at&#233; a d&#233;cada de 1990, quando teve aumento significativo, chegando a quase 10%.
            Dislipidemia apresentou incid&#234;ncia baixa de artigos, menos de 2% at&#233; a d&#233;cada de 1980,
            quando teve aumento aproximado de 4%. Aterosclerose permaneceu baixa at&#233; a d&#233;cada de
            1990, quando apresentou ascens&#227;o quase linear, chegando a aproximadamente 4% das
            publica&#231;&#245;es. Assim, no grupo dos fatores de risco foram observados: n&#237;tida preval&#234;ncia
            das publica&#231;&#245;es envolvendo a hipertens&#227;o arterial; tend&#234;ncia, j&#225; notada, de aumento de
            publica&#231;&#245;es sobre diabete; e, observando-se os primeiros 3 anos da d&#233;cada de 2010,
            confirmam-se a tend&#234;ncia de aumento das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre diabete e uma discreta
            diminui&#231;&#227;o de trabalhos sobre infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. </p>
      <p>Finalmente, os dados representados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 4</xref>
            demonstram que a cardiopatia chag&#225;sica permaneceu com um plat&#244; at&#233; a d&#233;cada de 1990,
            quando apresentou queda quase linear, chegando em 2010-2013 com aproximadamente 4% dos
            resultados. Doen&#231;a card&#237;aca reum&#225;tica apresentou queda a partir da d&#233;cada de 1960,
            permanecendo abaixo de 2%. O infarto do mioc&#225;rdio apresentou ascens&#227;o em quase todo o
            per&#237;odo estudado, com plat&#244;s nas d&#233;cadas de 1970 e 1990, e apresentou queda no in&#237;cio da
            d&#233;cada de 2010. A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva teve grande e cont&#237;nuo crescimento
            na porcentagem de artigos, indo de aproximadamente 5% at&#233; quase 20% na d&#233;cada de 1980.
            Assim, em fun&#231;&#227;o do crescente aumento das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca
            congestiva, arbitrou-se um quarto grupo observacional, o qual confirmou a tend&#234;ncia de
            aumento, comparando-se com o n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es sobre cardiopatia chag&#225;sica,
            cardiopatia reum&#225;tica e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. Como se observam uma mais baixa frequ&#234;ncia
            de cardiopatia reum&#225;tica e uma tend&#234;ncia &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o das publica&#231;&#245;es sobre cardiopatia
            chag&#225;sica, mant&#234;m-se as especula&#231;&#245;es sobre a import&#226;ncia da idade avan&#231;ada e da
            cardiopatia dilatada em consequ&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Algumas observa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o pertinentes por se tratar de um manuscrito que foge &#224;s regras
               convencionais de um artigo cient&#237;fico. Existem, evidentemente, limita&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo:
               1) uma delas &#233; a contagem de determinados artigos mais de uma vez, visto que podem
               aparecer nos resultados de mais de um par&#226;metro selecionado. Por exemplo, o mesmo
               artigo pode aparecer nos resultados de "infarto do mioc&#225;rdio" e "arritmia". Apesar
               disso, os gr&#225;ficos mostram claramente as tend&#234;ncias de aumento e de diminui&#231;&#227;o da
               porcentagem de artigos publicados relacionados aos indicadores selecionados; (2) na
               sua exist&#234;ncia, os ABC tiveram periodicidade modificada no decorrer do tempo e,
               certamente, essa periodicidade aumentada deve ter alguma rela&#231;&#227;o com o n&#250;mero de
               artigos publicados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>; (3) al&#233;m disso, a partir dos anos 1960 houve
               explos&#227;o de novas escolas m&#233;dicas no Brasil, maior n&#250;mero de m&#233;dicos cardiologistas,
               e o crescimento das institui&#231;&#245;es que mais contribuem para os ABC no pa&#237;s; e (4) as
               categoriza&#231;&#245;es foram arbitr&#225;rias e, portanto, &#233; obrigat&#243;rio admiti-las, em geral,
               como simplificadoras da realidade. No caso deste manuscrito, empregaram-se a
               categoriza&#231;&#227;o de interesse em uma &#233;poca, em um &#250;nico ve&#237;culo de comunica&#231;&#227;o
               cient&#237;fica e, evidentemente, o interesse metodol&#243;gico dos autores. Esse tipo de
               categoriza&#231;&#227;o, quando aplicada no decorrer de d&#233;cadas, pode incidir em classifica&#231;&#227;o
               artificial. </p>
        <p>Em conclus&#227;o, foi poss&#237;vel realizar uma pesquisa bibliogr&#225;fica de seis d&#233;cadas de
               maneira relativamente f&#225;cil, com aux&#237;lio de um programa de computa&#231;&#227;o desenvolvido
               para essa finalidade. Ressaltando-se as limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, sugere-se a exist&#234;ncia
               de uma rela&#231;&#227;o temporal entre as doen&#231;as cardiol&#243;gicas prevalentes no Brasil e as
               publica&#231;&#245;es dos ABC.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</title>
      <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Evora PRB; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados:
            Nather JC; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao
            conte&#250;do intelectual: Evora PRB, Nather JC, Rodrigues AJ.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B01">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. PubMed / Medline. [Acessado em 2013 Nov 10]. Dispon&#237;vel em:
               http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="web">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>PubMed / Medline</collab>
          </person-group>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">Acessado em 2013 Nov
                  10</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/</ext-link>
               </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B02">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Moreira LF. Bem-vindo &#224; p&#225;gina dos Arquivos Brasileiros de
               Cardiologia. [Citado em 2013 nov 10]. Dispon&#237;vel em: http://www.arquivosonline.com.
               br/2013/</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="web">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>LF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source xml:lang="pt">Bem-vindo &#224; p&#225;gina dos Arquivos Brasileiros de
                  Cardiologia</source>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">Citado em 2013 nov 10</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2013/">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/2013/</ext-link>
               </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B03">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Memorial dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia: hist&#243;ria da
               revista. [Citado em 2013 nov 10]. Dispon&#237;vel em:
               http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/memorial/historia.asp</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="web">
          <source xml:lang="pt">Memorial dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia: hist&#243;ria da
                  revista</source>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">Citado em 2013 nov 10</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/memorial/historia.asp">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br/memorial/historia.asp</ext-link>
               </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B04">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Amorim DS. Publications of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia in
               the period 1968-1977. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1980;34(1):1-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Amorim</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Publications of the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                  in the period 1968-1977</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>1980</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>7</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B05">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Mansur AJ, Abud AS, Albuquerque CP. Publication trends in quarterly,
               bimonthly and monthly cycles of publication during the five decades of Brazilian
               Archives of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2000;75(1):1-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mansur</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abud</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>CP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title xml:lang="en">Publication trends in quarterly, bimonthly and monthly
                  cycles of publication during the five decades of Brazilian Archives of
                  Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>7</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o desse estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article id="SA1" article-type="translation" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Special Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of Heart Disease Demonstrated in 60 Years of the
               Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nather</surname>
            <given-names>Julio Cesar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff02">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o
                  Preto</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country>Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia da Faculdade
                  de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP
                  - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c02"><bold>Mailing Address: Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora,</bold> Rua Rui Barbosa, 367/15,
               Centro. Postal Code 14015-120, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8722; Brazil. E-mail:
                  <email>prbevora@cardiol.br</email>, <email>prbevora@fmrp.usp.br</email>
            </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Considering the historical and academic relevance of the Brazilian Archives of
               Cardiology (ABC), as its MEDLINE indexing began in 1950, it was assumed as a
               hypothesis that the analysis of the publications over the last 60 years could reflect
               the changing trends of heart disease in Brazil.</p>
        <p>The study data were collected using a program developed for this purpose, allowing
               the automatic extraction of information from the MEDLINE database. The study
               information were collected by searching "Brazilian Archives of Cardiology AND
               selected parameter in English". Four observational groups were determined: (1) major
               groups of heart diseases (coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital
               heart disease and cardiomyopathies); (2) relevant diseases in clinical practice
               (cardiac arrhythmias, cor pulmonale, myocardial infarction and congestive heart
               failure); (3) cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and
               atherosclerosis); and (4) group determined due to the growing trend of publications
               on congestive heart failure seen in previous groups (congestive heart failure,
               myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease and Chagasic heart disease)</p>
        <p>All publications within the established groups were described, highlighting the
               increasing importance of heart failure and diabetes as risk factors. A relatively
               easy search was carried out, using the computer program developed for literature
               search covering six decades. Emphasizing the limitations of the study, we suggest the
               existence of an epidemiological link between cardiac diseases that are prevalent in
               Brazil and the publications of the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Prevalence</kwd>
        <kwd>Periodicals as Topic</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects, Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathies, Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The Brazilian Archives of Cardiology (ABC) memorial reports that in the first years
               of its existence, the great challenge for the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC)
               was to organize their congresses to make them regular and productive, which, at that
               time, was a complex and comprehensive task, mainly due to the difficulties in
               transportation and effective communication at that time.</p>
        <p>The second most important task was the creation of its own self-publicizing vehicle,
               as those in Europe and the United States had great penetration in the Brazilian
               academic environment, but did not reach the mass of physicians who practiced
               Cardiology here, especially those represented by general practitioners. The idea of
               &#8203;&#8203;a self-publicizing vehicle was soon put into practice by creating a journal which,
               at the time, represented a genuine bold action, as it belonged to a still developing
               specialty, considering that in most medical centers, Cardiology still part of
               Internal Medicine. This initiative certifies that the founders of the SBC considered,
               from the beginning, the need for a vehicle that could record and publicize the events
               and scientific works produced by its members and this initiative was put into
               practice at its founding, on 14 of August 1943<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>. </p>
        <p>With over 60 years - exactly 70 years of existence since its foundation - the ABC is
               the official scientific publication of the SBC and the main vehicle for the
               dissemination of Brazilian scientific research in the area of cardiovascular
               sciences. Published in two languages &#8203;&#8203;(Portuguese and English) and indexed in major
               international databases (ISI Web of Science, Cumulated Index Medicus, MEDLINE,
               EMBASE, Scopus, SciELO and LILACS), the ABC has an average impact factor of 1.2
               according to Thompson Reuters. This fact means a factor that is similar to most of
               the journals indexed in the ISI Web of Science in the field of Cardiology. </p>
        <p>Additionally, ABC is currently classified as Qualis B2 by the Coordination of
               Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes), a situation that contributes to a
               better score of Graduate Programs with lines of research in cardiovascular
                  sciences<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>.</p>
        <p>Thus, considering the historical and academic relevance of ABC, with its indexing in
               MEDLINE in 1950, and convinced of the great possibility of the existence of important
               biases, it was assumed as a hypothesis that the analysis of the publications over a
               period of 60 years could reflect the changing trends of heart disease in Brazil. This
               hypothesis defined the rationale of this research, which, in other words, sought to
               establish the existence of a temporal association between prevalent heart diseases in
               Brazil and ABC publications.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>The study data were collected with the help of a new software program using LINUX
               language, developed by one of the authors (JCN), which consisted of an automatic
               method of MEDLINE database information<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>. For
               this purpose, it was sufficient to provide, as filters, a list of words and
               parameters of interest. Therefore, the information was processed and stored in a
               Microsoft Excel file with pre-defined formatting. It is worth mentioning that the
               creation of this program allowed us to collect a large amount of data within a short
               period of time, making it a tool that will surely be useful in further
               investigations.</p>
        <p>The program is written in Python language, using some libraries as windmill
               (establishes the interface with the browser, can operate pages with Java, CSV
               (MEDLINE) and MS-&#8203;&#8203;Excel scripts. There is no graphic interface yet, which brings
               some difficulty, as the program must be handled entirely at the command terminal. The
               programming of the word list was performed in a text file (.txt) respecting the order
               of one word per line.</p>
        <p>The collected data were manually specified, with this being the most difficult step,
               as one needs programming knowledge to do so. It is noteworthy that the program works
               on both Windows and Linux operating systems. </p>
        <p>The study information were collected by searching "Brazilian Archives of Cardiology
               AND selected parameter in English". Filters were applied to the results and then the
               number of publications for each disease was counted. In order to calculate the
               percentages by decade, a search with the term "Brazilian Archives of Cardiology" was
               performed to count the total number of articles published by the journal and indexed
               in MEDLINE from 1950 on. We inserted a list of search words and parameters that
               needed to be extracted from each search result. These parameters could be names,
               dates, or any other word of interest. The program automatically opens all pages and
               harvests data of interest. The information is collected and then processed in
               different ways. In this case, the results were divided into decades, calculating the
               percentages of values &#8203;&#8203;in each period in relation to the total, creating an MS -
               Excel file with the final values &#8203;&#8203;.</p>
        <p>Four observational groups were determined: (1) major groups of heart diseases
               (coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and
               cardiomyopathies); (2) prevalent diseases in clinical practice (cardiac arrhythmias,
               Cor Pulmonale, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure); (3)
               cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and
               atherosclerosis), and (4) group determined due to the growing trend of publications
               on congestive heart failure (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction,
               rheumatic heart disease and Chagasic heart disease). </p>
        <p>Studies on human subjects were considered and the results were presented as
               compositions of vertical bar graphs (absolute values&#8203;&#8203;) and linear graphs (percentage
               values &#8203;&#8203;representing the timeline).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>The charts have decades as the abscissa and as ordinate as the number of results of
               the chosen parameter divided by the total number of results in the decade. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 1</xref> portrays the evolution of large groups of
               cardiac diseases; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figure 2</xref> shows publications
               related to four parameters determined by their importance in clinical practice. All
               curves, except that of arterial hypertension, start from zero because the
               publications start from 1960 on. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figure 3</xref> shows
               cardiovascular risk factors in the general survey, and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figure 4</xref> shows the curve of heart failure and possible causes.</p>
        <fig id="f05" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Main groups of heart diseases (coronary artery disease, valvular heart
                     disease, congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies)</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f06" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Prevalent diseases in clinical practice (cardiac arrhythmias, Cor
                     pulmonale, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure)</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f07" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia
                     and atherosclerosis)</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f08" fig-type="other">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Arbitrated group due to the growing trend of publications on congestive
                     heart failure (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart
                     disease, Chagas heart disease)</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-102-01-0003-40001-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Chart data depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figure 1</xref> show that the
               percentage of publications on congenital heart disease decreased in the 1960s and
               increased in the 1970s and remained stable thereafter, with approximately 2% of
               incidence. The curve of valvular diseases had a peak in the 1950s, decreased sharply
               in the 1960s and since then has decreased steadily, to 10-14%. The curve of coronary
               diseases showed a great increase until the 1970s, when it decreased slightly,
               increasing again in the 1980s, reaching approximately 19% of cases and, since then,
               has shown a small de crease. Cardiomyopathies showed a great and almost linear
               increase until the 1980s, when there was a plateau with a maximum of approximately
               13%, followed by a decrease until 2010-2013, when it represented approximately 8% of
               cases. </p>
        <p>Thus, considering the main presumed groups of heart disease, we have the following
               observations: </p>
        <p>- Congenital heart diseases, during the six decades, maintained a level of low and
               stable incidence. This trend continued in the first three years of the 2010s,
               coinciding with clinical practice; </p>
        <p>- There was a predominance of valvular heart disease in the first 2 decades
               (1950-1970), when studies on coronary diseases reached and surpassed those on
               valvular heart diseases, probably coinciding with the advent of coronary
               angiography;</p>
        <p>- It is worth mentioning the behavior of cardiomyopathies, of which publications
               increased and began to show similar incidence to that of valvular heart disease as
               early as the 1980s. Considering the decrease in Chagas' heart disease as a public
               health problem, would it not be possible to speculate that this increase is related
               to coronary disease and/or old age?</p>
        <p>Data from the charts depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figure 2</xref> show
               that the curve of myocardial infarction increased in the 1960s and remained virtually
               unchanged in 1970s. There was another important increase in the 1980s and, as a
               result, a new plateau, followed by a decrease in the period of 2010-2013. The curve
               of arrhythmia increased greatly in the 1960s, reaching almost 16% of the articles,
               followed by an almost linear decrease to approximately 6%. Congestive heart failure
               only increased during the study period, and this increase was even more significant
               in the 1980s, reaching approximately 16% in the period of 2010-2013.</p>
        <p>Cor Pulmonale remained below 2% until the 1990s, when it showed a small increase,
               returning to approximately 2% in 2010-2013. When considering the group of
               publications determined by its importance in clinical practice (arrhythmias,
               myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and Cor Pulmonale) and excluding Cor
               Pulmonale, of which publications remained at a low and stable level, other three
               parameters showed patterns amenable to interesting discussion: </p>
        <p>- the incidence of articles on cardiac arrhythmias was more prevalent until the
               1990s, when it was equaled by publications on myocardial infarction and congestive
               heart failure, and started to show a steady decrease; </p>
        <p>- in the 1990s, there was a perfect balance between the number of publications;</p>
        <p>- from 2000 on, there was an extremely interesting fact, namely, the decrease in
               publications on myocardial infarction and the continuous increase in publications on
               congestive heart failure. This pattern coincided with the cardiomyopathy pattern,
               allowing us to repeat the comment on the influence of age and the development of
               coronary artery disease; </p>
        <p>Another consideration between the patterns of incidence of publications on
               arrhythmias and Cor Pulmonale would be the emergence of other journals specialized in
               these subjects. </p>
        <p>Chart data depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figure 3</xref> show that the
               curve of hypertension had a great increase in the study period, going from 4% of
               publications to over 18% in 2010-2013. Diabetes showed a low increase until the
               1990s, when it increased significantly, reaching almost 10%. Dyslipidemia showed a
               low incidence of articles, less than 2% up to the 1980s, when it showed an
               approximate increase of 4%. Atherosclerosis remained low until the 1990s, when it
               showed a near linear increase, reaching about 4% of the publications.</p>
        <p>Thus, the following were observed in the group of risk factors: clear prevalence of
               publications involving arterial hypertension, an already observed trend of increase
               in publications about diabetes, and, observing the first 3 years of the 2010s, an
               increasing trend of publications on diabetes and a slight decrease of studies on
               myocardial infarction were confirmed. </p>
        <p>Finally, the data depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">Figure 4</xref> show
               that Chagasic heart disease remained on a plateau until the 1990s, when it showed an
               almost linear decrease, reaching 2010-2013 with approximately 4% of the results.
               Rheumatic heart disease decreased from the 1960s on, remaining below 2%. Myocardial
               infarction showed an increase in almost the entire study period, with plateaus in the
               1970s and 1990s, and declined in the early 2010s. Congestive heart failure showed a
               high and continuous increase in percentage of articles, ranging from approximately 5%
               to nearly 20% in the 1980s. </p>
        <p>Therefore, due to the increasing number of publications on congestive heart failure,
               a fourth observational group was created, which confirmed the upward trend, when
               compared with the number of publications on Chagasic heart disease, rheumatic heart
               disease and myocardial infarction. As we observed a lower frequency of rheumatic
               heart disease and a decreasing trend of publications on Chagas' disease, we still
               speculate about the importance of age and of dilated cardiomyopathy due to coronary
               artery disease.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>Some observations are relevant because the present is a manuscript that does not
                  follow the conventional rules of a scientific article. There are, obviously,
                  limitations to the method: 1) one of them is counting certain articles more than
                  once, as they may appear in the results of more than one selected parameter. For
                  instance, the same article may appear in the results of "myocardial infarction"
                  and "arrhythmia". Nevertheless, the charts clearly show trends of increase and
                  decrease in the percentage of published articles related to selected indicators;
                  (2) throughout its existence, the ABC had its periodicity changed over time and
                  this increased frequency must certainly have some association with the number of
                  articles published<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>; (3) furthermore, from the 1960s on, there
                  was a marked increase in the number of medical schools in Brazil, with a higher
                  number of cardiologists and the growth of institutions that contribute most to the
                  ABC in the country; and (4) the categorizations were arbitrary and therefore it is
                  necessary to admit them, in general, as simplifiers of reality. In the case of
                  this manuscript, we used the categorization of interest at a time period, in a
                  single vehicle of scientific communication and, of course, the authors'
                  methodological interest. This type of categorization, when applied over decades,
                  can fall upon an artificial classification.</p>
          <p>In conclusion, it was relatively easily to perform a literature search of six
                  decades with the aid of a computer program developed for this purpose. Emphasizing
                  the limitations of the study, we suggest the existence of a temporal relationship
                  between heart diseases that are prevalent in Brazil and ABC publications.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Author contributions</title>
        <p>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript: Evora PRB;
               Acquisition of data: Nather JC; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical
               revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Evora PRB, Nather JC, Rodrigues
               AJ.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
