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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">JDLFNPPvtNh58htKfkRvqXJ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013003000018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10100400018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130196</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Paternalismo, autonomia e ontologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Sergio de Santis Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">InCor </institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>101</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>e83</fpage>
      <lpage>e85</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>PONTO DE VISTA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Paternalismo, autonomia e ontologia</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Max Grinberg; Antonio Sergio de Santis Andrade Lopes</bold>
    </p>
    <p>InCor - HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="enda">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Cardiomiopatias, Doen&#231;as das Valvas Card&#237;acas, Cardiopatia Reum&#225;tica, Paternalismo.</p>
    <p>O v&#237;nculo com o paciente, na fase assintom&#225;tica da hist&#243;ria natural da cardiopatia valvar reum&#225;tica (CVR), trouxe certas li&#231;&#245;es para a comunica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente que respeita tanto o paternalismo beneficente da Medicina (diretrizes, por exemplo), quanto os valores e prefer&#234;ncias do ser humano (princ&#237;pio da autonomia). </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Alian&#231;a entre natureza e medicina</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Como percebeu Arist&#243;teles (384 AC-322 a.C.), a Natureza privilegia utilidades e, assim, quando ocorre CVR, &#233; a natural plasticidade card&#237;aca, realizada como Adapta&#231;&#227;o Ben&#233;fica - Card&#237;aca Ontol&#243;gica Remodeladora (AB-COR), ou simplesmente remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca<sup>1</sup>, que sustenta a preserva&#231;&#227;o do bom desempenho ejetivo. </p>
    <p>A Medicina valida o efeito "terap&#234;utico" da AB-COR e desaconselha a sua interrup&#231;&#227;o por f&#225;rmacos, pl&#225;sticas e pr&#243;teses valvulares enquanto o paciente permanece assintom&#225;tico, em outras palavras, o mioc&#225;rdio assim sinalizado<sup>2 </sup>torna-se conduta expectante. &#201; not&#243;ria a participa&#231;&#227;o dessa "terap&#234;utica da Natureza" nos algoritmos das diretrizes sobre valvopatia<sup>3</sup> por meio da encruzilhada <italic>Sintomas?</italic> </p>
    <p>Mas tal "terap&#234;utica" da Natureza tem prazo de validade e, quando acontece o esgotamento da utilidade da AB-COR<sup>4</sup>, a sobreviv&#234;ncia &#224; CVR necessita da aplica&#231;&#227;o da tecnoci&#234;ncia da Medicina. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Naturismo e cora&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A capacidade adaptativa natural do mioc&#225;rdio tem leis universais "promulgadas" por not&#225;veis como Otto Frank (1865-1944), Ernest Starling (1866-1927), Pierre Simon, Marqu&#234;s de Laplace (1749-1827) e Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869). J&#225; Thomas Wilkinson King (1809-1847)<sup>5 </sup>observou num cora&#231;&#227;o isolado que a valva tric&#250;spide cede a uma press&#227;o com certo volume de l&#237;quido, o que n&#227;o acontece com a valva mitral, concluindo que a Natureza fez da valva tric&#250;spide uma v&#225;lvula de seguran&#231;a. A sobrecarga de volume determinada pela "tricuspidiza&#231;&#227;o" significa, pois, socorro da Natureza em face da limita&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito para suportar sobrecargas de press&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O mioc&#225;rdio remodelado e a valva tric&#250;spide insuficiente s&#227;o, pois, utilidades naturais de sobreviv&#234;ncia humana, compreens&#237;veis, ou pelo racional teol&#243;gico de Edward Stone (1702-1768), que a Natureza coloca o rem&#233;dio junto &#224; doen&#231;a - ele descobriu num p&#226;ntano local de febres que a casca do salgueiro cont&#233;m o &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico - ou pelo evolucionismo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Consentimento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A ativa&#231;&#227;o da plasticidade "terap&#234;utica"<sup>6</sup> da AB-COR acontece naturalmente, assim como a cicatriza&#231;&#227;o, a coagula&#231;&#227;o e o calo &#243;sseo. Ela &#233; <italic>self</italic>, e a liberdade org&#226;nica de acontecer dispensa consentimento do paciente e muito menos de esclarecimentos sobre o potencial de adversidades, como uma futura invalidez sist&#243;lica do mioc&#225;rdio - assim como a cicatriz pode ser queloide, a coagula&#231;&#227;o pode dar efeito massa e o calo &#243;sseo pode perpetuar desalinhamentos. H&#225;, pois, semelhan&#231;a do exposto com a deontol&#243;gica nega&#231;&#227;o de autonomia ao ser humano que se encontra sob iminente risco de vida. </p>
    <p>&#201; de se destacar que o benef&#237;cio "terap&#234;utico" da Natureza na condi&#231;&#227;o de conduta expectante representa a substitui&#231;&#227;o da submiss&#227;o inconsciente do paciente pelo consentimento livre e esclarecido &#224; exposi&#231;&#227;o pelo m&#233;dico. E quando o "endosso prescritivo" da atua&#231;&#227;o <italic>self</italic> para a manuten&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida pelo paciente n&#227;o for mais v&#225;lida, o emprego da tecnoci&#234;ncia n&#227;o <italic>self</italic> deve ser consentida ao m&#233;dico, ou seja, exige-se do ser humano (o m&#233;dico) - e n&#227;o da Natureza- um atestado de n&#227;o coer&#231;&#227;o. A &#234;nfase &#224; autonomia em Medicina nasceu da viol&#234;ncia entre seres humanos que n&#227;o pode ser admitida como natural. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Comunica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Por sustentar uma fase assintom&#225;tica da CVR habitualmente longa, a AB-COR d&#225; ensejo a di&#225;logos m&#233;dico-paciente sequentes, consulta a consulta, nos quais, gradativamente, moldam-se expectativas mais realistas e emerge clareza sobre futuras ocasi&#245;es de consentimento. S&#227;o oportunidades onde o uso da chamada compet&#234;ncia narrativa<sup>7</sup> afina a sintonia entre as explica&#231;&#245;es do recurso da Medicina e a absor&#231;&#227;o, a interpreta&#231;&#227;o e a resposta do paciente, contribuindo para agregar empatia, profissionalismo e confian&#231;a. </p>
    <p>Deste modo, quando chega a ocasi&#227;o da "cirurgia agora sim", o clima da decis&#227;o mostra-se menos estressante, pois os antecedidos momentos "cirurgia ainda n&#227;o" trabalharam os fundamentos para o consentimento. Evita-se, pois, a enxurrada de "in&#233;ditas" informa&#231;&#245;es para resposta imediata e, assim, segundo o conceito de <italic>hot-cold empathy gap</italic><sup>8</sup>, concernente a emo&#231;&#245;es em tomadas de decis&#227;o, reduzem-se as probabilidades tanto de baixa an&#225;lise do futuro (o paciente prioriza livrar-se do mal presente e n&#227;o se aprofunda sobre consequ&#234;ncias mais distantes do m&#233;todo) quanto de subtratamento (o paciente rejeita a recomenda&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica por um excessivo impacto do potencial de adversidades, o "efeito bula").</p>
    <p>Ademais, ter a percep&#231;&#227;o que a Natureza disponibiliza o benef&#237;cio da AB-COR sem antecipar males embutidos ensina que a comunica&#231;&#227;o visando a um presumido futuro consentimento livre e esclarecido a um benef&#237;cio deve escalonar a &#234;nfase sobre poss&#237;veis adversidades, de modo a n&#227;o as tornar angustiantes "fatos desde muito antes".</p>
    <p>Tempo para di&#225;logo, tempo para an&#225;lise critica, tempo para uso do bom senso, que s&#227;o situa&#231;&#245;es que favorecem a liberdade de express&#227;o, t&#234;m o m&#233;rito de elucidar antagonismos entre o justific&#225;vel pelo saber da Medicina e o consentido pela individualidade de determinado paciente. </p>
    <p>Por isso, lembrando Pit&#225;goras de Samos (580 a.C.-497 a.C.), quem percebeu que a combina&#231;&#227;o de organiza&#231;&#227;o e tempo faz de tudo e bem feito, e Sigismund Schlomo Freud (1856-1939), quem intuiu que uma infinidade de processos inconscientes impactam numa atitude dita consciente, o tempo a mais que vier a ser gasto na intersubjetividade m&#233;dico-paciente contribui para o valor &#233;tico da integra&#231;&#227;o entre delibera&#231;&#227;o, disponibilidade do sistema e efetiva aplica&#231;&#227;o de processos diagn&#243;sticos e terap&#234;uticos. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Li&#231;&#227;o sobre paternalismo/autonomia</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A grande li&#231;&#227;o da "terap&#234;utica da natureza" AB-COR no campo da Bio&#233;tica &#233; a inconveni&#234;ncia de uma vis&#227;o negativa radical do paternalismo. O manique&#237;smo (Manes, s&#233;c. III), paternalismo &#233; mal e autonomia &#233; bem, pode restringir o m&#233;dico quando entender que &#233; essencial ser mais persuasivo com determinado paciente hesitante acerca de conduta mais recomend&#225;vel &#224; necessidade cl&#237;nica. N&#227;o se conformar em ser um Poncio Pilatos significa fazer o bom uso da tens&#227;o profissional<sup>9</sup> sustentada pela prud&#234;ncia e pelo zelo que agu&#231;a a percep&#231;&#227;o sobre concilia&#231;&#227;o entre as singularidades das evid&#234;ncias da Medicina e as diversidades comportamentais do paciente - muitas vezes em campos opostos. Deste modo, o m&#233;dico pode mais apropriadamente trabalhar o ajuste fino para compatibilizar a pr&#225;tica de dois artigos sequentes do C&#243;digo de &#201;tica M&#233;dica de 2010, com o <italic>caput</italic> &#233; vedado ao m&#233;dico: art. 31 - Desrespeitar o direito do paciente de decidir livremente sobre a execu&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;ticas diagn&#243;sticas ou terap&#234;uticas; art. 32 - Deixar de usar todos os meios dispon&#237;veis de diagn&#243;stico e tratamento, cientificamente reconhecidos e a seu alcance, em favor do paciente. </p>
    <p>O empenho do m&#233;dico pela obten&#231;&#227;o do consentimento &#224; tecnoci&#234;ncia justific&#225;vel ao caso n&#227;o faz o paciente tornar-se inseguro de sua vontade, pois n&#227;o havendo a pretens&#227;o de reprimir o livre pensamento, o objetivo &#233; t&#227;o somente a racionalidade da escolha. Dispor-se a insistir no convencimento<sup>10</sup> &#233; coopera&#231;&#227;o moralmente aceit&#225;vel com quem lhe procurou para conduzi-lo, &#233; encorajamento para rea&#231;&#227;o a in&#233;rcias, &#233; argumenta&#231;&#227;o sadia em prol da sobreviv&#234;ncia, &#233; entender as hesita&#231;&#245;es do ser humano pela queda (em rela&#231;&#227;o aos animais) da efici&#234;ncia instintiva. Ademais, quando perante vontades muito fortes para serem racionalizadas, &#233; contribui&#231;&#227;o para que o paciente se conscientize que a nega&#231;&#227;o poder&#225;, pela evolu&#231;&#227;o negativa do quadro cl&#237;nico, resultar na realiza&#231;&#227;o do agora proposto sob pior progn&#243;stico. N&#227;o se trata de lavagem cerebral, pela simples raz&#227;o de que o m&#233;dico consentiria na recomenda&#231;&#227;o se fosse para si pr&#243;prio. </p>
    <p>A arquitetura de uma comunica&#231;&#227;o sobre tecnoci&#234;ncia que &#233; retroalimentada por uma desej&#225;vel compaix&#227;o vai al&#233;m do informativo-esclarecedor, que soa a aula te&#243;rica, &#233; qualificada pelo que Erich Fromm (1900-1980) denominou de narcisismo benigno, ou seja, o vislumbre da realidade cient&#237;fica refletida pelo caso que, entretanto, n&#227;o fecha os olhos para uma vis&#227;o divergente, porventura contemplada pelo paciente. Autoridade sem autoritarismo.</p>
    <p>A longevidade da fase assintom&#225;tica da doen&#231;a valvar (AB-COR dependente) que proporciona tempo-facilita&#231;&#227;o para as boas pr&#225;ticas da intersubjetividade m&#233;dico-paciente pavimenta com legitimidade o caminho de delibera&#231;&#227;o sobre condutas, que tem ponto de partida no paternalismo (proposi&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;dico) e direcionamento para a autonomia (regula&#231;&#227;o pelo paciente), com diversas sa&#237;das ao longo do percurso, cada qual mais apropriada &#224; especificidade das realidades da rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente. </p>
    <p>Paternalismo ou autonomia absolutos &#233; quimera que numa conduta eletiva provoca o "fogo das ventas" que queima artigos do C&#243;digo de &#201;tica M&#233;dica. A temporalidade da Natureza nos serve de guia para a prud&#234;ncia de uma comunica&#231;&#227;o por constru&#231;&#227;o "l&#225;pis e borracha". Pelo redesenho, cercas viram pontes que conectam o bom segundo o m&#233;dico e segundo o paciente. A ponta do l&#225;pis fica fortalecida pelo racional da Medicina apreendido pelo paciente e a borracha torna-se mais macia pela compreens&#227;o pelo m&#233;dico de como o paciente expressa suas necessidades e seus desejos. </p>
    <p>Em suma, revela&#231;&#245;es continuadas numa comunica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente estruturada podem reduzir assimetrias entre o demonstr&#225;vel pela Medicina e o n&#227;o refut&#225;vel do sentimento do paciente e, assim, dar forma e naturalidade a momentos de tomada de decis&#227;o. Em decorr&#234;ncia, o paternalismo desliza bem azeitado para a autonomia, <italic>pari passu</italic>, em busca do ponto mais adequado de propor&#231;&#227;o entre os mesmos. </p>
    <p>Por fim, a sigla AB-COR presta-se a representar a modelagem de rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente que preza uma Medicina consentida e legitimada al&#233;m do tecnicismo, cada letra com duplo significado: Autonomia/Acolhimento, Benefic&#234;ncia/Brasilidade, Comunica&#231;&#227;o/Compaix&#227;o, Organiza&#231;&#227;o/Otimismo e Respeito/Realismo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Grinberg M, Lopes ASSA.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="enda" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Max Grinberg </p>
        <p> Rua Manoel Antonio Pinto, 04, apto. 21A, Parais&#243;polis </p>
        <p> CEP 05663-020, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="max@cardiol.br">max@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="grinberg@incor.usp.br">grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 11/03/13, revisado em 26/04/13; aceito em 03/05/13.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Point of View</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Paternalism, autonomy and ontology</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>VIEWPOINT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Paternalism, autonomy and ontology</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Max Grinberg; Antonio Sergio de Santis Andrade Lopes</bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>InCor - HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Cardiomyopathies; Heart Valve Diseases; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Paternalism.</p>
      <p>The bond with the patient, in the asymptomatic phase of natural history of the rheumatic heart valve disease (RHVD), provided certain lessons for the communication physician-patient that respects both beneficent paternalism of Medicine (guidelines, for example), and values and preferences of the human being (principle of autonomy). </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Alliance among nature and medicine</bold>
      </p>
      <p>As said by Aristotle (384 BC-322 B.C.), Nature favors utilities and, therefore, when a RHVD occurs, it is the natural heart plasticity, held as Adaptation for Beneficial - Cardiac Ontological Remodeling (AB-COR), or simply heart remodeling<sup>1</sup>, that sustains the preservation of good ejection performance. </p>
      <p>Medicine validates AB-COR "therapeutic" effect and advises against interruption with the use of drugs, plastic surgeries, and valvular prosthesis while the patient remains asymptomatic, i.e. myocardium is then signaled<sup>2 </sup>and is under active surveillance. It is known the participation of this "therapeutic of Nature" in algorithms of guidelines on valvopathy<sup>3</sup> using intersection <italic>Symptoms?</italic> </p>
      <p>But such "therapeutic" of Nature has an expiry date and, when AB-COR utility is over<sup>4</sup>, surviving RHVD requires the administration of technoscience of Medicine. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Naturism and heart</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The natural adaptive capacity of myocardium has universal laws "promulgated" by remarkable people such as Otto Frank (1865-1944), Ernest Starling (1866-1927), Pierre Simon, Marqu&#234;s de Laplace (1749-1827), and Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869). But Thomas Wilkinson King (1809-1847)<sup>5 </sup>noticed in an isolated heart that tricuspid valve opens at a certain pressure with certain volume of fluid, which does not happen to mitral valve, presuming Nature made the tricuspid valve a safety valve. The volume overload determined by "tricuspidization" means, therefore, a help of Nature in view of the limitation of right ventricle in order to withstand pressure overloads.</p>
      <p>Remodeled myocardium and insufficient tricuspid valve are, therefore, natural utilities of human survival, comprehensible, either based on Edward Stone's (1702-1768) rational theology, that the Nature places the medicine along with the disease - he found in a swamp, place of fevers, that the willow bark has acetylsalicylic acid - or by evolutionism.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Consent</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Activation of "therapeutic" plasticity<sup>6</sup> of AB-COR happens naturally, such as wound healing, coagulation, and bone callus. It is <italic>self</italic>, and the organic freedom of happening discards the patient's consent and specially rationale on the potential of adversities, as a future systolic myocardial failure - such as a wound healing may result in keloid, coagulation may result in mass effect, and bone callus may perpetuate misalignments. Therefore, there is a similarity of the exposed and the deontological denial of autonomy to the human whose life is at imminent risk. </p>
      <p>It should be noted that the Nature "therapeutic" under active surveillance represents the replacement of the patient's unconscious submission by consent form to disclosure by the physician. And when the "prescriptive endorsement" of self acting for life quality maintenance by the patient is no longer valid, technoscience administration should be granted to the physician, i.e. it requires from a human (physician) - and not Nature - a noncoercion certificate. The emphasis of autonomy in Medicine emerged from violence between human beings which could not be perceived as natural. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Physician-patient communication</bold>
      </p>
      <p>For supporting a usually long term asymptomatic phase of RHDV, AB-COR provides frequent physician-patient conversations, from one medical appointment to another, in which, gradually, more realistic expectations are molded, and giving clarity on future consent situations. These are opportunities where the use of narrative competence<sup>7</sup> helps to improve the absorption, interpretation, and response of the patient regarding explanations on medical resources, contributing to aggregate empathy, professionalism, and trust. </p>
      <p>Thus, when the patient needs to perform the surgery, this decision becomes less stressful, because the prior moments developed the basis for this consent. This avoids the large amount of "new" information for an immediate response and, therefore, according to hot-cold empathy gap<sup>8</sup>, concerning emotions on decision making, this reduces the probability of poor future analysis (patient prioritizes getting rid of diseases at that moment and does not assess future consequences of the method) and sub-treatment (patient rejects the medical recommendation due to an excessive impact of possible adversities).</p>
      <p>Moreover, having the perception that Nature provides the benefit of AB-COR without anticipating inherent negative consequences, proves that communication considering a future consent term in order to obtain a benefit must be more emphatic than the possible adversities, avoiding early frustrations.</p>
      <p>Time for a conversation, time for critical analysis, and time to use good common sense are situations that benefit the freedom of speech, elucidate opposite opinions between what medical knowledge justifies and the consent of a patient's individuality. </p>
      <p>So, remembering Pit&#225;goras de Samos (580 B.C.-497 B.C.), who realized that the combination of organization and time is enough to do anything and do it right, and Sigismund Schlomo Freud (1856-1939), who knew intuitively that countless unconscious processes have an impact on a conscious attitude, the time spent on physician-patient intersubjectivity contributes to the ethical value of integrating deliberation, system availability, and effective deployment of diagnostic and therapeutic processes. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Lesson on paternalism/autonomy</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The great lesson on AB-COR "therapeutic of nature" in Bioethics is the inconvenience of a radical negative view of paternalism. The Manichaeism (Manes, 3rd century), paternalism is bad and autonomy is good, can restrict the physician when understanding that it is essential to be more persuasive with a particular hesitating patient, as this is a more acceptable behavior in response to the clinical need. Not settling for being a Poncio Pilatos means to make good use of the professional tension<sup>9</sup> supported by cautiousness and diligence that enhances the perception on reconciliation between the singularities of medical evidence and diversity of patient behaviors - often on opposite sides. Thus, the physician is able to make more adequate adaptations in order to match the practice of two sequential articles of the Code of Medical Ethics from 2010, with the main section the physician is not allowed to: art. 31 - Disregard the patient's right to freely decide on the use of diagnostic or therapeutic practices; art 32 - Not employ every available diagnostic and treatment measures, scientifically renown and at the physician's reach, to benefit the patient. </p>
      <p>The physician's effort to obtain the consent for a justifiable technoscience for a particular case does not make the patient feel unsure of the decision, because there is no pretense in suppressing free thought, the purpose is merely the choice rationality. Trying to convince<sup>10</sup> is a cooperation morally acceptable to whom sought you to lead, it is an encouragement to inertia reaction, a sound argument in favor of survival, it is understanding human hesitations about the drop (in relation to animals) of instinctive efficiency. Overall, when facing emotional situations too strong to be rationalized, it is contributing to make the patient aware that the denial may represent a negative progress of the clinical condition, resulting in carrying out what is being proposed under worse prognosis. This is not about brainwash, simply because the physician would accept the recommendation himself. </p>
      <p>The structure of a communication on technoscience which is fed-back by a desirable compassion that goes beyond the informative-clarifying, which sounds like a theory class, is characterized by what Erich Fromm (1900-1980) called benign narcissism, i.e. a glimpse of a scientific reality reflected by the case which, however, it does not shut its eyes for a different point of view, perhaps considered by the patient. Authority without authoritarianism.</p>
      <p>Longevity of the asymptomatic phase of valvular disease (AB-COR-dependent) that provides time-facilitation for good physician-patient intersubjectivity practices legitimately paves the way to deliberation on surveillance, which has a start point in paternalism (physician's proposal) and guidance to autonomy (patient's adaptation), with several exits along the route, each accordingly appropriate to the specific realities of each physician-patient relationship. </p>
      <p>Absolute paternalism or autonomy is a chimera that in an elective surgery causes resentment, which does not comply with the articles of the Code of Medical Ethics. Nature temporality serves as a guide for the cautiousness of a communication based on "pencil and rubber." Through drawing, fences become bridges that connect the good according to the physician and patient. The pencil tip is strengthened by rational medicine comprehended by the patient and the rubber would become softer as the physician understands how the patient expresses his needs and desires. </p>
      <p>Basically, a continuous and structured physician-patient communication can reduce asymmetries between what is shown by Medicine and the irrefutable patient's feelings and, then, give shape and spontaneity to decision makings. Subsequently, paternalism slides towards autonomy, pari passu, looking for the most appropriate point of equilibrium in between. </p>
      <p>Finally, AB-COR acronym represents the modeling of physician-patient relationship that seeks a consent and legitimate Medicine in addition to technicism, each letter with a double meaning: Autonomy/Acceptance, Beneficence/Brazilianness, Communication/Compassion, Organization/Optimism, and Respect/Realism.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Author contributions</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Conception and design of the research, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Grinberg M, Lopes ASSA.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
