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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">BmsmMtSHZxVFNYBZFmWnpbv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013003000014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10100400014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130198</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Cartas ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fatores progn&#243;sticos em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>&#304;&#351;cen</surname>
            <given-names>Sinan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Yen&#305;seh&#305;r</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Diyarbakir Military Hospital</institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>101</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>373</fpage>
      <lpage>374</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CARTA AO EDITOR</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fatores progn&#243;sticos em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Sinan &#304;&#351;cen</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Diyarbak&#305;r Military Hospital, Yen&#305;seh&#305;r, D&#305;yarbak&#305;r</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="enda">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Sindrome Coronariana Aguda; Inflama&#231;&#227;o; Infarto do Miocardio; Progn&#243;stico; Linfopenia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Caro Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos o artigo, "Fatores progn&#243;sticos em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST" escrito por Santos JC<sup>1</sup>. Os autores conclu&#237;ram que a avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal e a contagem de linf&#243;citos fornecem informa&#231;&#245;es potencialmente &#250;teis para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica de pacientes com SCA sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST.</p>
    <p>Sabemos que pacientes portadores de nefropatia em fase terminal apresentam um risco aumentado para e pior evolu&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. Entretanto, graus menores de disfun&#231;&#227;o renal tamb&#233;m predizem um progn&#243;stico adverso em pacientes com IAM.</p>
    <p>V&#225;rios estudos mostraram a magnitude desse efeito<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Sabemos, ainda, que pacientes com contagem de leuc&#243;citos mais elevada - que &#233; um marcador de inflama&#231;&#227;o, apresentam maior risco de eventos adversos, mortalidade durante a interna&#231;&#227;o e mortalidade ap&#243;s uma SCA sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST em curto e longo prazo, bem como para IAM com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST<sup>3</sup>. Os n&#237;veis iniciais de leuc&#243;citos em pacientes com IAM sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST ou angina inst&#225;vel foram avaliados no estudo TACTICS-TIMI 18<sup>4</sup>, em que se concluiu que a leucocitose estava associada com graus significativamente menores de fluxo TIMI, graus de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria mais extensa. Esses achados referiram-se aos leuc&#243;citos, mas n&#227;o aos linf&#243;citos, porque v&#225;rios fatores no ambiente de UTI podem levar &#224; linfopenia (trauma, hemorragia, infec&#231;&#245;es virais, etc.). Portanto, para que se possa estabelecer uma rela&#231;&#227;o entre a contagem de linf&#243;citos e o progn&#243;stico, s&#227;o necess&#225;rias futuras avalia&#231;&#245;es e evid&#234;ncias objetivas.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="enda" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Sinan &#304;&#351;cen </p>
        <p> Diyarbak&#305;r Military Hospital, Yen&#305;seh&#305;r </p>
        <p> CEP 34100, D&#305;yarbak&#305;r </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="dr.iscen@hotmail.com">dr.iscen@hotmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 15/04/13; revisado em 17/04/13; aceito em 20/06/13.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Carta-resposta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao que foi comentado, temos algumas pondera&#231;&#245;es:</p>
    <p>No nosso estudo foram inclu&#237;dos todos os pacientes com o diagn&#243;stico de Angina Inst&#225;vel (AI) ou Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) sem Supradesn&#237;vel de ST (SST), admitidos no hospital no per&#237;odo de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Na tentativa de eliminar poss&#237;veis fatores de confus&#227;o, exclu&#237;mos pacientes que apresentavam: neoplasias malignas, doen&#231;as infecciosas, doen&#231;as autoimunes, e aqueles que sofreram trauma ou cirurgia recente; patologias essas que podem levar a leucocitose, neutrofilia ou linfopenia. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o est&#227;o presentes no texto do artigo<sup>1</sup>.</p>
    <p>Constatamos que, na nossa amostra, a contagem total de c&#233;lulas brancas e a contagem de neutr&#243;filos n&#227;o foram capazes de discriminar aqueles pacientes com maior risco de eventos adversos (7781 &#177; 3252 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 8140 &#177; 2835 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0,5; e 5653 &#177; 3058 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 5220 &#177; 2496 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0,4; respectivamente). Entretanto, a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica demonstrou uma rela&#231;&#227;o independente e significativa entre a contagem de linf&#243;citos e os eventos combinados (OR:1,02; IC95%:1,01-1,04; p = 0,03). Alguns estudos sugerem que a contagem de leuc&#243;citos e suas subpopula&#231;&#245;es pode predizer desfechos fatais e n&#227;o-fatais em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem SST<sup>2,3</sup>. Cannon e cols.<sup>4</sup> e N&#250;&#241;ez e cols.<sup>5</sup> demonstraram que a rela&#231;&#227;o entre leucocitose, neutrofilia e pior progn&#243;stico &#233; verdadeira em pacientes com IAM, mas n&#227;o se mantem naqueles com AI. Lloyd-Jones e cols.<sup>6</sup> e Zouridakis e cols.<sup>7</sup> constataram que nestes pacientes somente a linfopenia, dentre as subpopula&#231;&#245;es de c&#233;lulas brancas, esteve associada com eventos card&#237;acos futuros. Dado que dois ter&#231;os de nossa amostra foi representada por pacientes com AI, sugerimos no artigo<sup>1</sup> que nessa popula&#231;&#227;o a contagem de linf&#243;citos provavelmente identifica melhor aqueles com pior progn&#243;stico.</p>
    <p>Atenciosamente, </p>
    <p> Jessica C M D'Almeida Santos </p>
    <p> M&#225;rio de Seixas Rocha </p>
    <p> Marcos da Silva Ara&#250;jo</p>
    <p>
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    </p>
  </body>
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          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zouridakis</surname>
              <given-names>EG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Moll</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kaski</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letters to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Prognostic factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Prognostic factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sinan &#304;&#351;cen</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Diyarbak&#305;r Military Hospital, Yen&#305;seh&#305;r, D&#305;yarbak&#305;r</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="enda-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Acute Coronary Syndrome; Inflammation; Myocardial Infarction, Prognosis, Lymphopenia.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read the article, "Prognostic factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation" written by Santos JC<sup>1</sup>. The authors concluded that the assessment of renal function and lymphocyte count provide potentially useful information for the prognostic stratification of patients with non-ST elevation ACS.</p>
      <p>We know that patients with end-stage renal disease have a higher risk for and a worse outcome after myocardial infarction. However, lesser degrees of renal dysfunction also predict an adverse prognosis in patients with acute MI.</p>
      <p>Several studies have shown the magnitude of this effect<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>We also know that patients with a higher white blood cell (WBC) count - which is a marker of inflammation, have an increased risk for adverse events, in-hospital mortality, and short- and long-term mortality after a non-ST elevation ACS, as well as for acute ST-elevation MI<sup>3</sup>. The value of the baseline WBC in patients with non-ST-elevation MI or unstable angina was evaluated in the TACTICS-TIMI 18 trial<sup>4</sup>, which concluded that higher WBC was associated with significantly lower TIMI flow grades, myocardial perfusion grades and more extensive coronary disease. This was found in relation to WBC but not to lymphocytes, because many factors in the ICU environment may lead to lymphocytopenia (trauma, hemorrhage, viral infections, etc.). Therefore, in order to establish a relationship between lymphocyte count and prognosis, further evaluation and objective evidence are needed.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="enda-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Sinan Iscen</p>
          <p> Diyarbakir Military Hospital, Yenisehir</p>
          <p> Postal Code 34100, Diyarbakir</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="dr.iscen@hotmail.com">dr.iscen@hotmail.com</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received 04/15/13; revised manuscript received 04/17/13; accepted 06/20/13.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Reply</bold>
      </p>
      <p>As regards Dr. &#304;&#351;cen's comments, we have some points to consider.</p>
      <p>All patients diagnosed with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST segment elevation (STE) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted to our hospital from Janurary to December 2010 were included in our study. In an attempt to eliminate possible confounders, patients presenting with malignant neoplasias, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and those who had recently suffered a trauma or undergone surgery - conditions which could lead to leukocytosis, neutrophilia or lymphopenia, were excluded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were described in the respective article<sup>1</sup>.</p>
      <p>We verified that complete white blood cell and neutrophil counts in our sample were not able to discriminate patients at a higher risk for adverse events (7781 &#177; 3252 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 8140 &#177; 2835 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0.5; and 5653 &#177; 3058 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 5220 &#177; 2496 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0.4, respectively). However, the logistic regression analysis showed an independent and significant relationship between lymphocyte count and combined events (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.03). Some studies have suggested that the count of leukocytes and their subpopulations may predict fatal and non-fatal outcomes in patients with non-STE acute coronary syndrome<sup>2,3</sup>. Cannon et al<sup>4</sup> and N&#250;&#241;ez et al<sup>5</sup> demonstrated that the relationship between leukocytosis, neutrophilia and a worse prognosis is valid for patients with AMI, but not for those with UA. Lloyd-Jones et al<sup>6</sup> and Zouridakis et al<sup>7</sup> found that only lymphopenia, among the subpopulations of white blood cells, was associated with future cardiac events in these patients. Since, in our article<sup>1</sup>, two thirds of our sample was comprised of patients with UA, we suggested that the lymphocyte count in this population probably provides a better identification of patients with a worse prognosis.</p>
      <p>Sincerely,</p>
      <p> Jessica C M D'Almeida Santos</p>
      <p> M&#225;rio de Seixas Rocha</p>
      <p> Marcos da Silva Ara&#250;jo</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p> Correspond&#234;ncia: </p>
      <p> Sinan &#304;&#351;cen </p>
      <p> Diyarbak&#305;r Military Hospital, Yen&#305;seh&#305;r </p>
      <p> CEP 34100, D&#305;yarbak&#305;r </p>
      <p> E-mail: <email xlink:href="dr.iscen@hotmail.com">dr.iscen@hotmail.com</email> </p>
      <p>Artigo recebido em 15/04/13; revisado em 17/04/13; aceito em 20/06/13.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Carta-resposta</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao que foi comentado, temos algumas pondera&#231;&#245;es:</p>
      <p>No nosso estudo foram inclu&#237;dos todos os pacientes com o diagn&#243;stico de Angina Inst&#225;vel (AI) ou Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) sem Supradesn&#237;vel de ST (SST), admitidos no hospital no per&#237;odo de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Na tentativa de eliminar poss&#237;veis fatores de confus&#227;o, exclu&#237;mos pacientes que apresentavam: neoplasias malignas, doen&#231;as infecciosas, doen&#231;as autoimunes, e aqueles que sofreram trauma ou cirurgia recente; patologias essas que podem levar a leucocitose, neutrofilia ou linfopenia. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o est&#227;o presentes no texto do artigo<sup>1</sup>.</p>
      <p>Constatamos que, na nossa amostra, a contagem total de c&#233;lulas brancas e a contagem de neutr&#243;filos n&#227;o foram capazes de discriminar aqueles pacientes com maior risco de eventos adversos (7781 &#177; 3252 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 8140 &#177; 2835 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0,5; e 5653 &#177; 3058 /mm<sup>3</sup> vs. 5220 &#177; 2496 /mm<sup>3</sup>, p = 0,4; respectivamente). Entretanto, a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica demonstrou uma rela&#231;&#227;o independente e significativa entre a contagem de linf&#243;citos e os eventos combinados (OR:1,02; IC95%:1,01-1,04; p = 0,03). Alguns estudos sugerem que a contagem de leuc&#243;citos e suas subpopula&#231;&#245;es pode predizer desfechos fatais e n&#227;o-fatais em pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem SST<sup>2,3</sup>. Cannon e cols.<sup>4</sup> e N&#250;&#241;ez e cols.<sup>5</sup> demonstraram que a rela&#231;&#227;o entre leucocitose, neutrofilia e pior progn&#243;stico &#233; verdadeira em pacientes com IAM, mas n&#227;o se mantem naqueles com AI. Lloyd-Jones e cols.<sup>6</sup> e Zouridakis e cols.<sup>7</sup> constataram que nestes pacientes somente a linfopenia, dentre as subpopula&#231;&#245;es de c&#233;lulas brancas, esteve associada com eventos card&#237;acos futuros. Dado que dois ter&#231;os de nossa amostra foi representada por pacientes com AI, sugerimos no artigo<sup>1</sup> que nessa popula&#231;&#227;o a contagem de linf&#243;citos provavelmente identifica melhor aqueles com pior progn&#243;stico.</p>
      <p>Atenciosamente, </p>
      <p> Jessica C M D'Almeida Santos </p>
      <p> M&#225;rio de Seixas Rocha </p>
      <p> Marcos da Silva Ara&#250;jo</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
