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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ZFWvdmPjVTQy8yKCsDzFnmd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013002800017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10100200017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130157</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Aortas com tr&#234;s luzes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Benvenuti</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kihara Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Noda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mansur</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gutierrez</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Sampaio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>101</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>e31</fpage>
      <lpage>e32</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Aortas com tr&#234;s luzes</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Luiz Alberto Benvenuti<sup>I</sup>; Eduardo Noda Kihara Filho<sup>II</sup>; Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur<sup>I</sup>; Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez<sup>I</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Aorta; Aneurismas dissecantes; Patologia; Necropsia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As dissec&#231;&#245;es a&#243;rticas s&#227;o caracterizadas pela clivagem em duas l&#226;minas ao longo do eixo longitudinal da parede<sup>1</sup>, em extens&#227;o que varia desde poucos mil&#237;metros at&#233; a aorta inteira. A delamina&#231;&#227;o ocorre na camada m&#233;dia, quase sempre em seu ter&#231;o externo. Assim, ruptura e morte consequente &#224; hemorragia s&#227;o comuns. No entanto, alguns pacientes sobrevivem, com ou sem tratamento cir&#250;rgico, e a doen&#231;a tem, desse modo, evolu&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica.</p>
    <p>Duas dissec&#231;&#245;es foram descritas em alguns dos casos, podendo inclusive ser cr&#244;nicas e agudas<sup>2</sup>. Tais dissec&#231;&#245;es, por&#233;m, ocorreram em diferentes segmentos da art&#233;ria. Aqui, s&#227;o apresentados tr&#234;s casos em que a parede da falsa luz de dissec&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica dividiu-se, formando dissec&#231;&#227;o aguda e criando tr&#234;s luzes para a aorta.</p>
    <p>Entre os cerca de 250 casos de necr&#243;psia de dissec&#231;&#245;es a&#243;rticas do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - HC FMUSP em mais de 35 anos, houve tr&#234;s com dissec&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas e agudas no mesmo segmento arterial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">Figura 1</xref>). Esse aspecto estava presente na tomografia computadorizada em um dos casos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">Figura 2</xref>). Todos os pacientes eram de meia idade (a idade variou de 48 a 62 anos) e hipertensos; dois deles eram homens. Nenhum tinha valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide, coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta, s&#237;ndrome de Marfan ou outro dist&#250;rbio gen&#233;tico reconhecido. Em todos os casos, houve ruptura do segmento com dissec&#231;&#227;o aguda, que causou a morte dos pacientes.</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-02-0e31-30157-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-02-0e31-30157-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Coment&#225;rios</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os aspectos demogr&#225;ficos desses pacientes n&#227;o diferiram dos da maioria dos casos de dissec&#231;&#227;o: em estat&#237;stica pr&#233;via de nossa institui&#231;&#227;o<sup>3</sup> (em que um dos presentes casos estava inclu&#237;do), 77,1% dos pacientes eram homens, 76,4% morreram entre 40 e 76 anos de idade, 89,6% eram hipertensos e 57,5% nos n&#227;o-operados morreram em decorr&#234;ncia de hemorragia (essa causa de morte assume menor import&#226;ncia porque foram inclu&#237;dos s&#243; casos com dissec&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica).</p>
    <p>Embora a patog&#234;nese da doen&#231;a n&#227;o esteja totalmente esclarecida<sup>4</sup>, &#233; prov&#225;vel que haja uma fragilidade da parede, ligada a altera&#231;&#245;es da matriz extracelular, incluindo diminui&#231;&#227;o no col&#225;geno<sup>5</sup>. A exist&#234;ncia de tal condi&#231;&#227;o subjacente &#233; refor&#231;ada pelo fato de que a art&#233;ria pode ter mais de uma dissec&#231;&#227;o: dissec&#231;&#227;o em aortas com aneurismas, e mais de uma dissec&#231;&#227;o em diferentes zonas da mesma aorta, inclusive dissec&#231;&#245;es agudas e cr&#244;nicas, foram reconhecidas anteriormente<sup>2</sup> e n&#227;o s&#227;o incomuns. Aqui, foram apresentados casos particularmente interessantes, em que dissec&#231;&#245;es agudas ocorreram no mesmo segmento da parede arterial com dissec&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via, causando a parti&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria em tr&#234;s luzes. &#201; importante salientar que esse aspecto pode ser visto &#224; tomografia computadorizada e deve ser reconhecido para evitar interpreta&#231;&#227;o incorreta.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Agradecimentos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Este artigo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica para An&#225;lise de Projetos de Pesquisa (CAPPesq) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. O professor Gutierrez recebeu bolsa de produtividade em pesquisas do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Benvenuti LA, Mansur AJ, Gutierrez OS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Benvenuti LA, Kihara Filho EN, Mansur AJ, Gutierrez OS.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez </p>
        <p> Laborat&#243;rio de Anatomia Patol&#243;gica, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo </p>
        <p> Avenida Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> Cerqueira C&#233;sar. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="anppaulo@incor.usp.br">anppaulo@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 03/05/12; revisado em 01/08/12, aceito em 17/12/12.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Aortas with three lumina</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="enda-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Aortas with three lumina</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Luiz Alberto Benvenuti<sup>I</sup>; Eduardo Noda Kihara Filho<sup>II</sup>; Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur<sup>I</sup>; Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez<sup>I</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Aorta; Aneurysms, dissecting; Pathology; Necropsy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Aortic dissections are characterized by cleavage of the aortic wall into two sheets along its longitudinal axis<sup>1</sup>, extending from a few millimeters to the entire aorta. Cleavage occurs in the medial layer, almost always at its external third. Thus, rupture and death following hemorrhage are common. However, some patients survive, with or without surgical treatment, having the disease a chronic evolution.</p>
      <p>In some of the cases there are two dissections, including chronic and acute dissections<sup>2</sup>. Such dissections, however, have been reported in different segments of the artery. We report three cases in which the wall of the false lumen of chronic dissection split, forming acute dissection and creating three lumina in the aorta.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Report of the cases</bold>
      </p>
      <p>At the Heart Institute, of almost 250 necropsies of patients with aortic dissections over more than 35 years, there were three with chronic and acute dissections in the same arterial segment (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). That aspect was evidenced on computed tomography in one of the cases (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). All patients were middle-aged (age range, 48 to 62 years) and hypertensive; two were males. None of the following conditions was identified in any of the three patients: bicuspid aortic valve; aortic coarctation; Marfan syndrome; or other recognized genetic disorder. Rupture of the segment with acute dissection was observed in all patients, being their cause of death.</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-02-0e31-30157-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-02-0e31-30157-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Comments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The demographic aspects of our patients did not differ from those of most cases of aortic dissection. In a previous statistics of our institution<sup>3</sup>, which included one of the cases here reported, 77.1% of the patients were men, 76.4% died between 40 and 76 years of age, 89.6% were hypertensive, and 57.5% of those who underwent no operation died due to hemorrhage (that cause of death is less important because only cases with chronic dissection were included).</p>
      <p>Although the pathogenesis of aortic dissection has not been totally clarified<sup>4</sup>, a weakness of the wall is probably present, linked to alterations in the extracellular matrix, including a reduction in collagen<sup>5</sup>. That underlying condition is reinforced by the fact that the artery might have more than one dissection. Dissection in aortas with aneurysms and more than one dissection in different zones of the same aorta, including acute and chronic dissections, were previously recognized<sup>2</sup> and are not uncommon. We report interesting cases, in which acute dissections occurred in the same segment of the arterial wall with a previous dissection, causing the arterial lumen to split into three. It is worth noting that such aspect can be seen on computed tomography and should be recognized to prevent misinterpretation.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Acknowledgments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics for Analysis of Research Projects (CAPPesq) of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas of the Medical School of the Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. Professor Gutierrez received a productivity grant for research from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Author contributions</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Conception and design of the research, Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Benvenuti LA, Mansur AJ, Gutierrez PS; Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript: Benvenuti LA, Kihara Filho EN, Mansur AJ, Gutierrez PS.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
