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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">GpJRY4qz7MBmZ9z8mbnYS9z</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013002800014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10100200014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130154</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>CHADS2 score: capacidade preditiva na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro Torres</surname>
            <given-names>Yaniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fleites P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Anamary</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Villa Clara</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidad de Ciencias M&#233;dicas Dr. Seraf&#237;n Ruiz de Z&#225;rate Ruiz</institution>
        <country country="CU">Cuba</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>101</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>190</fpage>
      <lpage>191</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CARTA AO EDITOR</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>CHADS<sub>2</sub> score: capacidade preditiva na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Yaniel Castro Torres; Anamary Fleites P&#233;rez</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidad de Ciencias M&#233;dicas "Dr. Seraf&#237;n Ruiz de Z&#225;rate Ruiz", Villa Clara - Cuba</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial, Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Doen&#231;as Vasculares, Tromboembolia, Escores de Disfun&#231;&#227;o Org&#226;nica, Grau de Risco.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos o artigo recentemente publicado, intitulado "O escore de CHADS<sub>2</sub> na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos cerebrovasculares - uma metan&#225;lise" de Santos e cols.<sup>1</sup>. Eles mostram os resultados obtidos a partir de uma metan&#225;lise sobre a utilidade do escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> em predizer eventos cerebrovasculares. Muitas estrat&#233;gias t&#234;m sido desenvolvidas para prever o risco de AVC em pacientes com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA)<sup>2</sup>. A maioria delas tem mostrado capacidade de predi&#231;&#227;o modesta, com fracos resultados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Somente o escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> foi testado em pelo menos 10 estudos de coorte antes de sua valida&#231;&#227;o definitiva<sup>3</sup>. Atualmente, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre uma alta pontua&#231;&#227;o no escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> e AVC em pacientes com FA est&#225; bem estabelecida. No entanto, a capacidade desse escore, como demonstrado nesse estudo, de predizer eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes sem FA &#233; particularmente relevante. Os resultados dessa metan&#225;lise mostraram que, em pacientes com FA o risco de eventos cardiovasculares foi significativamente maior para CHADS<sub>2</sub> escore &gt; 2 pontos (OR = 2,93, IC: 2,81-3,06, p &lt; 0,00001). Em pacientes sem FA, os resultados foram semelhantes (OR = 2,94, IC: 2,87-3,01, p &lt; 0,00001).</p>
    <p>Al&#233;m disso, esse estudo mostrou que os pacientes com AF e escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> &gt; 2 pontos t&#234;m risco tr&#234;s vezes maior de acidente vascular cerebral e / ou morte. Durante anos, o escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> foi usado para indicar terapia anticoagulante em pacientes com FA. Ele &#233; atualmente recomendado por v&#225;rios comit&#234;s internacionais de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o, devido &#224; sua efic&#225;cia comprovada para prever AVC em pacientes com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e porque &#233; facilmente lembrado e de f&#225;cil utiliza&#231;&#227;o<sup>3</sup>. Esse estudo aumenta a utilidade do escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> em situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, representando uma nova ferramenta para projetar a&#231;&#245;es preventivas em um grande n&#250;mero de pacientes, mas outros estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios. </p>
    <p>O escore CHADS<sub>2</sub> n&#227;o &#233; a &#250;nica estrat&#233;gia utilizada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Ele foi substitu&#237;do em alguns lugares pelo escore CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc<sup>4</sup>. O escore CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc foi avaliado em pelo menos cinco estudos desde a sua descri&#231;&#227;o e com uma &#250;nica exce&#231;&#227;o, todas as investiga&#231;&#245;es demonstraram capacidade preditiva semelhante quando comparado com CHADS<sub>2</sub><sup>3</sup>. Como o escore CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc tem sido usado para atingir os mesmos objetivos que CHADS<sub>2</sub> em pacientes com FA, seria interessante saber se CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc tem a mesma capacidade preditiva na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica que CHADS<sub>2</sub>, como demonstrado por Santos e cols.<sup>1</sup>.</p>
    <p>Sem d&#250;vida, a possibilidade de ter-se um &#250;nico escore capaz de determinar o uso de terapia anticoagulante em pacientes com FA e prever AVC em pacientes com e sem FA seria muito &#250;til para a comunidade m&#233;dica.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Yaniel Castro Torres </p>
        <p> Luz Caballero #161 entre Hospital y Alejandro Oms, Parroquia, Santa Clara </p>
        <p> CEP 50100, Villa Clara - Cuba </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="yanielct@edu.vcl.sld.cu">yanielct@edu.vcl.sld.cu</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 08/03/13, revisado em 15/04/13; aceito em 15/04/13.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Carta-resposta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Agradecemos pela leitura do nosso artigo e, principalmente, pelo reconhecimento do valor cient&#237;fico da nossa pesquisa. Trata-se realmente de um tema que tem despertado grande interesse na literatura internacional nos &#250;ltimos anos. O papel do Score de CHADS<sub>2</sub> na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em doentes com Fibrilha&#231;&#227;o Auricular (FA) est&#225; bem documentado hoje em dia, revestindo-se de grande relev&#226;ncia nas decis&#245;es terap&#234;uticas, nomeadamente no que concerne &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o de anti-coagula&#231;&#227;o. Um aspecto de grande relevo nos nossos resultados &#233; de facto a demonstra&#231;&#227;o da utilidade deste Score em indiv&#237;duos em Ritmo Sinusal, indicando que o mesmo poder&#225; beneficiar um leque mais vasto de situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. Este resultado dever&#225; desta forma constituir um est&#237;mulo para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de novos estudos de Coorte, visando consubstanciar a import&#226;ncia deste Score noutros contextos cl&#237;nicos para al&#233;m da FA.</p>
    <p>Concordamos igualmente com a alus&#227;o ao Score de CHDA<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>-VAS<sub>C</sub>, que tem tamb&#233;m recebido importante suporte emp&#237;rico, havendo evid&#234;ncias de um papel preditivo semelhante ao verificado no Score CHADS<sub>2</sub>. Um desafio que se coloca actualmente &#224; comunidade cient&#237;fica passa de facto pelo desenvolvimento de um Score unificado, que congregue as virtudes dos sistemas de pontua&#231;&#227;o existentes, adaptados necessariamente aos diversos cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos para os quais venham a estar vocacionados.</p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, sentimos que os nossos resultados, para al&#233;m de refor&#231;arem a utilidade do Score de CHADS<sub>2</sub> na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos cerebrovasculares, em doentes com FA e tamb&#233;m em doentes em Ritmo Sinusal, t&#234;m a virtude de indicar novas &#225;reas de pesquisa futura que possam conduzir &#224; optimiza&#231;&#227;o dos esquemas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco e de prescri&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica.</p>
    <p>Atenciosamente, </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Telmo Pereira</bold>
    </p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">CHADS2 score: its predictive capacity in clinical practice</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>CHADS<sub>2</sub> score: its predictive capacity in clinical practice</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Yaniel Castro Torres and Anamary Fleites P&#233;rez</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Universidad de Ciencias M&#233;dicas "Dr. Seraf&#237;n Ruiz de Z&#225;rate Ruiz", Villa Clara - Cuba</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Atrial Fibrillation; Stroke; Vascular Diseases; Thromboembolism; Organ Dysfunction Scores; Risk Grade.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We have read the recently published article entitled "CHADS<sub>2</sub> score in predicting cerebrovascular events-a meta-analysis" by Santos et al. <sup>1</sup>. They show the results derived from a meta-analysis on the usefulness of CHADS<sub>2</sub> score to predict cerebrovascular events. Many strategies have been developed to predict the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)<sup>2</sup>. The majority of these have shown modest prediction capacity, with poor results in clinical practice. </p>
      <p>Only CHADS<sub>2</sub> score was tested in at least 10 cohort studies before its definitive validation <sup>3</sup>. Currently, the association between a high CHADS<sub>2</sub> score and stroke in patients with AF is well-established. However, the capacity of this score, as demonstrated in this research, to predict cardiovascular events in patients without AF is particularly relevant. The outcomes of this meta-analysis show that in patients with AF the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly higher for CHADS<sub>2</sub> score &gt;2 points (OR=2.93; CI: 2.81-3.06; p &lt; 0.00001). In patients without AF, the results were similar (OR=2.94; CI: 2.87-3.01; p &lt; 0.00001). </p>
      <p>Moreover, this study showed that patients with AF and CHADS<sub>2</sub> score &gt;2 points have 3-fold greater risk of stroke and/or death. During years CHADS<sub>2</sub> score has been used to indicate anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF. It is currently recommended by several international anticoagulation committees due to its proven efficacy to predict stroke in patients with AF and because it is easy for clinicians to recall and use <sup>3</sup>. This study increases the usefulness of CHADS<sub>2</sub> score in clinical settings representing a novel tool to design preventive actions in a great number of patients, but further investigation is necessary. </p>
      <p>CHADS<sub>2</sub> score is not the only strategy used in clinical practice. Ithas been replaced in some places by CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score<sup>4</sup>. CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score has been evaluated in at least five studies since its description and with one exception, all investigations demonstrated similar predictive capacity when compared with CHADS<sub>2</sub><sup>3</sup>. As CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc has been used to attain the same goals as CHADS<sub>2</sub> in patients with AF, it would be interesting to know whether CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc has the same predictive capacity in clinical practice than CHADS<sub>2, </sub>as shown by Santos et al<sup>1</sup>. </p>
      <p>Undoubtedly, the possibility of having a single score that may be able to determine the use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF and predict stroke both in patients with and without AF would be very useful for the medical community. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Yaniel Castro Torres</p>
          <p> Luz Caballero #161 entre Hospital y Alejandro Oms, Parroquia, Santa Clara</p>
          <p> Postal Code: 50100, Villa Clara - Cuba</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="yanielct@edu.vcl.sld.cu">yanielct@edu.vcl.sld.cu</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received March 8, 2013; revised manuscript April 15, 2013; accepted April 15, 2013.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Reply</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We would like to thank you for reading our article and especially for the recognition of the scientific value of our research. This is actually a topic that has aroused great interest in the international literature in recent years. The role of the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score for risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is well documented today, showing great relevance in therapeutic decisions, particularly regarding the use of anticoagulation. One aspect of great importance in our results is demonstrating the usefulness of this score in individuals with sinus rhythm, indicating that it may benefit a wider range of clinical situations. This result should thus provide encouragement for further cohort studies, aiming to consubstantiate the importance of this score in other clinical contexts beyond AF.</p>
      <p>We equally agree with what was stated about the CHDA<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>-VASc score, which has also received significant empirical support, with evidence of a predictive role similar to the one seen for the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score. A current challenge for the scientific community lies indeed in the development of a unified score, which would combine the virtues of the existing scoring systems, necessarily adapted to different clinical scenarios at which they will be aimed.</p>
      <p>In this sense, we feel that our results, in addition to supporting the usefulness of the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score to predict cerebrovascular events in patients with AF and in patients with sinus rhythm, have the advantage of indicating new areas of future research that may lead to the optimization of risk stratification strategies and therapeutic prescription. </p>
      <p>Sincerely,</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Telmo Pereira</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
