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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">bMHP3zxcz4wpGhSTBfdDsRR</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013002700018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10100100018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130136</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Angioplastia coronariana via transeptal em paciente com doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica grave</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Newton Stadler</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Augusto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Vin&#237;cius de Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Minas Gerais</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Belo Horizonte</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Paran&#225;</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Curitiba</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>101</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e11</fpage>
      <lpage>e14</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Angioplastia coronariana via transeptal em paciente com doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica grave</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Ricardo Wang<sup>I,II</sup>; Newton Stadler Souza Filho<sup>II</sup>; Augusto Lima Filho<sup>I</sup>; Marcos Vin&#237;cius de Freitas Moreira<sup>I</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Santa Casa de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Sindrome Coronariana Aguda, Angioplastia Coron&#225;ria, Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Estima-se que s&#227;o realizados seis mil cateterismos card&#237;acos diagn&#243;sticos, e duas mil angioplastias coronarianas por milh&#227;o de habitantes por ano<sup>1</sup>, todos por via retrograda. Aproximadamente, para cada seis mil procedimentos, um paciente apresenta les&#227;o do sistema arterial difusa, com acometimento das quatro extremidades<sup>2</sup>. Apesar da dificuldade do acesso arterial, o diagn&#243;stico anat&#244;mico da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana hoje n&#227;o constitui mais uma barreira. Atualmente &#233; poss&#237;vel o estudo anat&#244;mico sem a necessidade de estudo invasivo, especialmente decorrente da melhora na qualidade das imagens da angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias. Entretanto, a interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana ainda constitui uma barreira, pelo uso de cateteres de perfil maior e necessidade da anticoagula&#231;&#227;o plena.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente de 65 anos, com hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a vascular grave, com diagn&#243;stico em 2005 de aneurisma de aorta abdominal e oclus&#227;o de il&#237;aca bilateral. Na ocasi&#227;o foi tentada angiografia dos membros inferiores, visando a programa&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, sem sucesso, em raz&#227;o da falta de acesso arterial, j&#225; que as art&#233;rias subcl&#225;vias tamb&#233;m se encontravam oclu&#237;das. Em 2006 o paciente foi submetido a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica do aneurisma e coloca&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;tese aortobifemoral e a partir disso passa a registrar evolu&#231;&#227;o est&#225;vel da doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica.</p>
    <p>Em Junho de 2011, evoluiu com quadro de infarto sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, com TIMI Risk de 5, internado em outro hospital, na qual optou-se por realiza&#231;&#227;o de angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias em raz&#227;o de doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, que revelou: les&#227;o moderada no segmento m&#233;dio da art&#233;ria descendente anterior, les&#227;o cr&#237;tica do primeiro ramo marginal, e les&#227;o cr&#237;tica no segmento proximal da coron&#225;ria direita. Em raz&#227;o da falta de acesso arterial optou-se por tratamento cl&#237;nico com betabloqueador, nitrato, inibidor de enzima conversora de angiotensina, estatina, aspirina e clopidogrel. Paciente evoluiu com recorr&#234;ncia da angina, com dor aos pequenos esfor&#231;os, limitante. Foi encaminhado para o nosso servi&#231;o por causa do quadro cl&#237;nico refrat&#225;rio, quando optou-se por tentativa de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea via anterograda, via transseptal da coron&#225;ria direita e art&#233;ria circunflexa.</p>
    <p>A via de acesso foi a veia femoral direita, com passagem de bainha 7F, com aux&#237;lio de cateter multipurpose, visando posicionamento em cava superior para realiza&#231;&#227;o da pun&#231;&#227;o transseptal; contudo o paciente apresentava forame oval patente, o que possibilitou acesso ao &#225;trio esquerdo sem a necessidade da pun&#231;&#227;o do septo; nesse momento foi administrado 8.000 UI de heparina n&#227;o fracionada endovenosa. Na sequ&#234;ncia, passou-se guia hidrof&#237;lico 0,035" 300 cm com acesso ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e aorta ascendente, com posicionamento do cateter MP em aorta descendente. Retirado o guia hidrof&#237;lico e passagem de guia 0,035" stiff 300 cm, realizou-se a troca do cateter. Como descrito em caso anterior<sup>3,4</sup>, foi utilizado inicialmente cateter Amplatzer Left 1 (Launcher<sup>&#174;</sup>, Medtronic Inc.), sem sucesso na cateteriza&#231;&#227;o da coron&#225;ria esquerda. A cateteriza&#231;&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel com o cateter Amplatzer Right 2 (Launcher<sup>&#174;</sup>, Medtronic Inc.). A coronariografia revelou: les&#227;o grave de 70% na art&#233;ria descendente anterior no segmento proximal; art&#233;ria diagonal com les&#227;o de 90% no segmento m&#233;dio, mas a art&#233;ria &#233; de fino calibre; e les&#227;o grave em segundo ramo marginal avaliada em 90% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a18fig01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-01-0e11-30136-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Em raz&#227;o da gravidade da les&#227;o da art&#233;ria descendente anterior, mudou-se a estrat&#233;gia para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria descendente anterior e primeira marginal esquerda. Foi realizada a passagem do guia 0,014" 180 cm (Fielder<sup>&#174;</sup>, Asahi Inc., Japan) na art&#233;ria circunflexa e um na descente anterior. Na art&#233;ria descendente anterior realizou-se implante direto de <italic>stent</italic> Driver<sup>&#174;</sup> 3,0 x 12 mm (Medtronic Inc, Ireland). Na art&#233;ria circunflexa houve a necessidade de predilata&#231;&#227;o por causa da gravidade da les&#227;o, com cateter bal&#227;o 2,0 x 15 mm (Sprinter, Meditronic), seguido de implante de stent Driver<sup>&#174;</sup> 2,75 x 14 mm (Medtronic Inc. Ireland). Angiografia de controle com bom aspecto angiogr&#225;fico, sem les&#227;o residual. No procedimento foram utilizados 200 mL de contraste i&#244;nico. O tempo total do procedimento foi de 90 minutos. Em raz&#227;o do volume de contraste e tempo de exposi&#231;&#227;o a radia&#231;&#227;o, optou-se pela n&#227;o realiza&#231;&#227;o doo estudo da coron&#225;ria direita.</p>
    <p>O per&#237;odo intra-hospitalar transcorreu sem intercorr&#234;ncias, e n&#227;o houve altera&#231;&#227;o da creatinina s&#233;rica e das enzimas card&#237;acas. No acompanhamento cl&#237;nico, paciente referiu melhora dos sintomas anginosos, atualmente em classe funcional I da Canadian Cardiology Society, na cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de controle sem isquemia mioc&#225;rdica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig02">Figura 2</xref>), optando-se ent&#227;o por tratamento cl&#237;nico da coron&#225;ria direita.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a18fig02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-01-0e11-30136-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Pacientes com quadro de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda com TIMI Risk alto (&gt;4) est&#227;o associados com maior risco e complica&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas e morte<sup>5</sup>. Nesse grupo de pacientes, a estrat&#233;gia invasiva est&#225; associado com melhora do progn&#243;stico<sup>6</sup>. Al&#233;m do mais, insufici&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica associa-se tamb&#233;m com pior progn&#243;stico. Mesmo com pior progn&#243;stico, esse paciente foi mantido em tratamento cl&#237;nico apenas, por causa da limita&#231;&#227;o do acesso arterial.</p>
    <p>Para esse grupo de pacientes, as alternativas de acesso s&#227;o especialmente a pun&#231;&#227;o translombar e o acesso anter&#243;grado via transseptal. A via translombar foi descrita em 1929 por Santos e foi bem utilizada nas d&#233;cadas subsequentes. A partir da d&#233;cada de 1960, com o aperfei&#231;oamento da t&#233;cnica braquial e femoral, associada a melhora das guias e cateteres, a t&#233;cnica foi abandonada. Como em nossa institui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o temos experi&#234;ncia com essa t&#233;cnica, optamos pela t&#233;cnica anter&#243;grada.</p>
    <p>A cateteriza&#231;&#227;o da coron&#225;ria esquerda foi realizada com cateter Amplatz Right em raz&#227;o do di&#226;metro menor da aorta. Apesar de alta especificidade da angiotomografia de coron&#225;ria, ela n&#227;o teve sensibilidade para diagnosticar a les&#227;o grave na art&#233;ria descendente anterior, alterando o planejamento inicial. At&#233; o momento n&#227;o h&#225; relato de angioplastia coronariana via anter&#243;grada. A grande dificuldade foi a cateteriza&#231;&#227;o da coron&#225;ria, com cateter de maior perfil associado ao <italic>loop</italic> gerado pela passagem no septo interatrial e passagem do VE para aorta; existe facilidade na fratura do cateter. No caso, para evitar-se o "kinking", foi deixada a guia 0,035" at&#233; a cateteriza&#231;&#227;o coronariana. A passagem da guia 0,014" ocorreu sem grandes dificuldades. Apesar do <italic>loop</italic>, a navegabilidade do <italic>stent</italic> n&#227;o foi prejudicado.</p>
    <p>N&#227;o realizamos a angiografia da coron&#225;ria direita por causa do tempo de procedimento e do volume de contraste. Farah e cols. relataram dificuldade t&#233;cnica na cateteriza&#231;&#227;o dessa coron&#225;ria, conseguindo somente contrastar com o cateter Judkins Left e com a inje&#231;&#227;o no seio coron&#225;rio, sem cateteriza&#231;&#227;o seletiva da coron&#225;ria. Relato contrasta com o achado de Pearce e cols., podendo ser explicado pela sa&#237;da anterior da coron&#225;ria direita, que permitiu a cateteriza&#231;&#227;o seletiva.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Wang R; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Wang R, Souza Filho NS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Wang R, Souza Filho NS, Lima Filho A; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Wang R, Souza Filho NS, Lima Filho A, Moreira MVF.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Ricardo Wang </p>
        <p> Rua C&#243;rrego da Mata, 343, apto. 202, Horto </p>
        <p> CEP 31030-030, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="rwang@cardiol.br">rwang@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="rwang@terra.com.br">rwang@terra.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 14/10/12; revisado em 23/10/12; aceito em 05/02/13.</p>
  </body>
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              <given-names>GN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bates</surname>
              <given-names>ER</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blankenship</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bailey</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bittl</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cercek</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Transseptal coronary angioplasty in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="enda-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Transseptal coronary angioplasty in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Ricardo Wang<sup>I,II</sup>; Newton Stadler Souza Filho<sup>II</sup>; Augusto Lima Filho<sup>I</sup>; Marcos Vin&#237;cius de Freitas Moreira<sup>I</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Santa Casa de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Acute Coronary Syndrome; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Peripheral Arterial Disease.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>It is estimated that six thousand diagnostic cardiac catheterizations and two thousand coronary angioplasties are performed per million inhabitants per year<sup>1</sup>, all by retrograde approach. Roughly, for every six thousand procedures, one patient has diffuse injury of the arterial system, with involvement of the four extremities<sup>2</sup>. Despite the difficulty of arterial access, the anatomical diagnosis of coronary artery disease today is no longer a barrier. It is currently possible to conduct anatomical studies without the need for invasive study, especially due to the improved image quality of coronary CT angiography. However, coronary intervention is still a barrier, as larger profile catheters are used and anticoagulation is needed.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Patient aged 65, with a history of severe vascular disease, diagnosed in 2005 with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral iliac occlusion. At the time, angiography of the lower limbs was attempted to schedule a surgery, unsuccessfully, due to the lack of arterial access, as the subclavian arteries were also occluded. In 2006, the patient underwent surgical repair of the aneurysm and aortobifemoral bypass surgery. Subsequently, the patient demonstrated stable development of the peripheral vascular disease.</p>
      <p>In June 2011, the patient progressed with infarction without ST-segment elevation, with TIMI Risk of 5, admitted to another hospital, where it was decided to carry out coronary CT angiography because of a peripheral vascular disease, which revealed: moderate lesion in the medial segment of the left anterior descending artery, critical lesion of the first marginal branch, and critical lesion in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery. Due to the lack of arterial access, it was chosen to perform clinical treatment with beta-blockers, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, aspirin and clopidogrel. Patient developed recurrence of angina, with limiting pain on minor exertion. The patient was referred to our service because of a refractory condition, when it was decided to conduct percutaneous coronary artery bypass grafting by the anterograde approach, by the transseptal approach of the right coronary artery and circumflex artery.</p>
      <p>The access way was the right femoral vein, passing a 7F sheath, with the aid of a multipurpose catheter in order to place it in the superior vena cava for transseptal puncture. However, the patient had a patent foramen ovale, which allowed access to the left atrium without need to puncture the septum. At that time, 8,000 UI of unfractionated heparin was administered intravenously. Subsequently, a 0.035" 300 cm hydrophilic guide was passed to give access to the left ventricle and ascending aorta, placing an MP catheter in the descending aorta. After the hydrophilic guide was retrieved and the 0.035" stiff 300 cm guide was passed, the catheter was exchanged. As described in the previous case<sup>3,4</sup>, catheter Amplatzer Left 1 (Launcher<sup>&#174;</sup>, Medtronic Inc.) was initially used unsuccessfully in the left coronary artery catheterization. Catheterization was possible with the catheter Amplatzer Right 2 (Launcher<sup>&#174;</sup>, Medtronic Inc.). Coronary angiography revealed: serious injury of 70% in the left anterior descending artery in the proximal segment; diagonal artery with a 90% lesion in the middle segment, but the artery is of a fine caliper; and serious injury in the marginal branch estimated at 90% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a18fig01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-01-0e11-30136-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Due to the severity of the anterior descending artery injury, the strategy shifted to bypass grafting of the left anterior descending artery and first left marginal artery. Guide 0.014" 180 cm (Fielder<sup>&#174;</sup>, Asahi Inc., Japan) was passed through the circumflex artery and through the anterior descending artery. In the anterior descending artery, direct placement of stent Driver<sup>&#174;</sup> 3.0 x 12 mm (Medtronic Inc, Ireland) was held. In the circumflex artery, predilatation was required because of the severity of the injury, with balloon catheter 2.0 x 15 mm (Sprinter, Meditronic), followed by placement of stent Driver<sup>&#174;</sup> 2.75 x 14 mm (Medtronic Inc. Ireland). Control angiography with good angiographic appearance, no residual lesion. In the procedure, 200 mL of ionic contrast were used. The total procedure time was 90 minutes. Due to the volume of contrast and radiation exposure time, we chose not to study the right coronary artery.</p>
      <p>The in-hospital period was uneventful, and there was no change in serum creatinine and cardiac enzymes. At clinical follow-up, the patient reported improvement of angina symptoms, currently in functional class I of the Canadian Cardiology Society, on control myocardial scintigraphy without myocardial ischemia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>), then opting for clinical treatment of the coronary artery.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a18fig02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-101-01-0e11-30136-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Patients presenting acute coronary syndrome with high TIMI Risk (&gt;4) are associated with higher risk and ischemic complications and death<sup>5</sup>. In this group of patients, the invasive strategy is associated with improved prognosis<sup>6</sup>. Furthermore, peripheral vascular insufficiency is also associated with a poor prognosis. Even with a poor prognosis, this patient was maintained on medical therapy only because of limited arterial access.</p>
      <p>For this group of patients, the access alternatives are especially translumbar puncture and anterograde access through transseptal route. The translumbar route was described in 1929 by Santos and was well used in subsequent decades. From the 1960s, with the development of the brachial and femoral technique associated with improved guides and catheters, the technique was abandoned. As in our institution we have no experience with this technique, we chose the anterograde technique.</p>
      <p>Catheterization of the left coronary artery was performed with catheter Amplatz Right due to the smaller diameter of the aorta. Despite the high specificity of the coronary CT angiography, it had no sensitivity for diagnosing severe injury to the left anterior descending artery, changing the initial planning. So far, there are no reports of anterograde coronary angioplasty. The great difficulty was the coronary catheterization with higher profile catheter associated with the loop generated by the passage in the atrial septum and LV passage to the aorta; catheter fracture is likely to happen. In this case, to avoid kinking, the 0.035" guide was left until the coronary catheterization. The passage of the 0.014" guide occurred with no major difficulties. Despite the loop, the stent navigability was not harmed.</p>
      <p>We did not perform angiography of the right coronary because of the procedure time and contrast volume. Farah et al. reported technical difficulty in the catheterization of that coronary artery, managing only to contrast with the Judkins Left catheter and injection into the coronary sinus, without selective catheterization of the coronary artery. This report contrasts with the finding of Pearce et al. and can be explained by the previous withdrawal of the right coronary artery, which allowed selective catheterization.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Author contributions</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Statistical analysis, Writing of the manuscript: Wang R; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Wang R, Souza Filho NS; Obtaining funding: Wang R, Souza Filho NS, Lima Filho A; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Wang R, Souza Filho NS, Lima Filho A, Moreira MVF.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
