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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ppgRGS4tVMFpS7hzZs6gDrN</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013000600014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10000600014</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130121</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Espessura da &#237;ntima m&#233;dia carot&#237;dea e outros marcadores inflamat&#243;rios na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Unlu</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Balta</surname>
            <given-names>Sevket</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cakar</surname>
            <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Demirkol</surname>
            <given-names>Sait</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arslan</surname>
            <given-names>Zekeriya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Beytepe Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology </institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Academy</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Internal Medicine </institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Academy</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology </institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>100</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>585</fpage>
      <lpage>585</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CARTA AO EDITOR</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Espessura da &#237;ntima m&#233;dia carot&#237;dea e outros marcadores inflamat&#243;rios na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Murat Unlu<sup>I</sup>; Sevket Balta<sup>II</sup>; Mustafa Cakar<sup>III</sup>; Sait Demirkol<sup>II</sup>; Zekeriya Arslan<sup>I</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Beytepe Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turquia </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Gulhane Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turquia </p>
    <p><sup>III</sup>Gulhane Medical Academy, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turquia</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Catalase, Lip&#237;deos, Terapia de Reposi&#231;&#227;o Hormonal, Endot&#233;lio / anormalidades.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Caro Editor</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#243;s lemos, com grande interesse, o artigo "<italic>Postmenopausal Therapy Reduces Catalase Activity and Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk</italic>" [Terapia P&#243;s-Menopausa Reduz a Atividade da Catalase e Atenua o Risco Cardiovascular], por Castanho e cols.<sup>1</sup>, no qual os autores investigaram a atividade da catalase s&#233;rica monitorando a concentra&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de lip&#237;deos e lipoprote&#237;nas, prote&#237;na de transfer&#234;ncia de colesteril &#233;ster, subst&#226;ncias reativas ao &#225;cido tiobarbit&#250;rico, nitrato e prote&#237;na C reativa ultra sens&#237;vel em mulheres na p&#243;s-menopausa com ou sem terapia hormonal (TH) para determinar se a administra&#231;&#227;o de TH na p&#243;s-menopausa influencia a produ&#231;&#227;o de radicais livres (marcador pr&#243;-inflamat&#243;rio). Eles demonstraram que a TH mulheres na p&#243;s-menopausa produz ben&#233;ficos efeitos antioxidantes e antiateroscler&#243;ticos ao melhorar os perfis s&#233;ricos de lip&#237;dios e lipoprote&#237;nas, aumentando a atividade da catalase s&#233;rica e atenuando a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os fatores de risco cardiovascular e a aterosclerose precoce.</p>
    <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial desempenha um papel chave na aterog&#234;nese, uma vez que est&#225; associada a todos os atores de risco principais de doen&#231;a cardiovascular. A ultra-sonografia constitui um m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo para se avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial<sup>2</sup>. A espessura da camada &#237;ntima m&#233;dia carot&#237;dea (C-IMT) &#233; um marcador de inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica e amplamente usado como um proeminente marcador para as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares<sup>3</sup>. A C-IMT pode ser afetada poro fatores de risco cardiovascular, incluindo-se a hipertens&#227;o, diabetes mellitus, obesidade e tabagismo. Desde este ponto de vista, Castanho e cols.<sup>1</sup> n&#227;o proporcionaram, de forma clara, refer&#234;ncias detalhadas de hist&#243;ricos m&#233;dicos de pacientes, o que poderia haver sido bastante &#250;til.</p>
    <p>A dilata&#231;&#227;o mediada por fluxo (DMF) ao se inflar a bra&#231;adeira do esfigmonan&#244;metro &#233; um par&#226;metro ultra-sonogr&#225;fico &#250;til da art&#233;ria braquial para se medir as respostas vasculares atrav&#233;s das varia&#231;&#245;es do di&#226;metro da art&#233;ria basal induzidas pela hiperemia reativa que se segue ao reestabelecimento da corrente sangu&#237;nea ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo de oclus&#227;o vascular e apresenta um m&#233;todo f&#225;cil para e avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o vascular dependente do endot&#233;lio<sup>4</sup>. A medi&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) &#233; &#250;til para se testar e diagnosticar, com precis&#227;o, a doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP) e permite a inicia&#231;&#227;o oportuna de medidas preventivas. Quando o ITB &#233; &lt; 0,9 ou &gt;1,3, a DAP &#233; prov&#225;vel<sup>5</sup>. A C-IMT tamb&#233;m pode afetar a DAP. Por esta raz&#227;o, o estudo presente seria mais forte se os autores houvessem proporcionado informa&#231;&#245;es relativas &#224; DAP em potencial.</p>
    <p>Finalmente, a C-IMT s&#243;, sem outros marcadores inflamat&#243;rios, n&#227;o pode fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es suficientes aos m&#233;dicos no que se refere &#224; inflama&#231;&#227;o endotelial no paciente. Desta forma, em estudos posteriores, propomos que a C-IMT deva ser avaliada juntamente com outros marcadores inflamat&#243;rios s&#233;ricos, tais como DMF e ITB, posto que os mesmos podem ser monitorados rapidamente, de modo confi&#225;vel e n&#227;o invasivo - a um baixo custo - para se identificar os est&#225;gios iniciais da aterosclerose.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Murat Unlu </p>
        <p> Beytepe Hospital, Middle Anatolian </p>
        <p> CEP 06018, Ankara, Middle Anatolian, Turquia </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="drmuratunlu@gmail.com">drmuratunlu@gmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 24/12/12; revisado em 30/12/12; aceito em 22/03/13.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Carotid intima-media thickness and other inflammatory markers in clinical practice</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="enda-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Carotid intima-media thickness and other inflammatory markers in clinical practice</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Murat Unlu<sup>I</sup>; Sevket Balta<sup>II</sup>; Mustafa Cakar<sup>III</sup>; Sait Demirkol<sup>II</sup>; Zekeriya Arslan<sup>I</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Beytepe Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Gulhane Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey</p>
      <p><sup>III</sup>Gulhane Medical Academy, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Catalase, Lipids, Hormone Replacement Therapy; Endothelium / abnormalities.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article "Postmenopausal Therapy Reduces Catalase Activity and Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk" by Castanho et al<sup>1</sup>, in which the authors investigated serum catalase activity by monitoring the serum concentration of lipids and lipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, nitrate, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women with or without hormone therapy (HT) to determine whether postmenopausal HT administration influences free radical production (proinflammatory marker). They demonstrated that HT in postmenopausal women produces beneficial antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic effects by ameliorating the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, increasing plasma catalase activity, and attenuating the association between cardiovascular risk factors and early atherosclerosis.</p>
      <p>Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in atherogenesis, as it is associated with all major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive method to assess endothelial function<sup>2</sup>. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) is a marker of systemic inflammation and widely used as a prominent marker for cardiovascular diseases<sup>3</sup>. C-IMT may be affected by cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and tobacco smoking. From this viewpoint, Castanho et al<sup>1</sup> did not clearly reference detailed patient medical records, which would have been quite useful.</p>
      <p>Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) by insufflating a sphygmomanometer cuff is a useful ultrasonographic parameter of the brachial artery to measure vascular responses through variations of the basal artery diameter induced by reactive hyperemia that follows re-establishment of blood flow after a period of vascular occlusion and presents an easy method to assess endothelium-dependent vascular function<sup>4</sup>. Measurement of the ankle-branchial &#305;ndex (ABI) is useful to accurately screen and diagnose peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and allows timely initiation of preventive measures. When ABI is either &lt;0.9 or &gt;1.3, PAD is likely<sup>5</sup>. C-IMT may also affect PAD. For this reason, the present study would be stronger if the authors would have provided information regarding potential PAD.</p>
      <p>Finally, C-IMT alone, without other inflammatory markers, may not provide sufficient information to clinicians concerning endothelial inflammation in the patient. Thus, in further studies, we propose that C-IMT should be evaluated together with other serum inflammatory markers, such as FMD and ABI, because they can be monitored rapidly, reliably, and noninvasively at a low cost to identify early stages of atherosclerosis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
