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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">VfPvbRpFLkRSP3WHmm77jng</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2013000100017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(13)10000100017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2013000100017</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-Radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 1/2013: homem de 20 anos com coarta&#231;&#227;o nativa e evolutiva na cro&#231;a da aorta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>100</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e1</fpage>
      <lpage>e3</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CORRELA&#199;&#195;O CL&#205;NICO-RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Caso 1/2013 : homem de 20 anos com coarta&#231;&#227;o nativa e evolutiva na cro&#231;a da aorta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Coarcta&#231;&#227;o da aorta; coarcta&#231;&#227;o na cro&#231;a da aorta.</p>
    <p><bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos :</bold> Ap&#243;s corre&#231;&#227;o de acentuada coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta (CoAo) na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica por t&#233;cnica t&#233;rmino-terminal e fechamento de grande Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular (CIV) com 18 dias de vida, al&#233;m da corre&#231;&#227;o de estenose suba&#243;rtica moderada com gradiente de press&#227;o intraventricular de 40 mmHg com 3 anos de idade, verificou-se boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica posterior. Atualmente tolera bem os exerc&#237;cios rotineiros e n&#227;o refere sintomas. Manteve ao longo do tempo gradiente entre os membros superiores e inferiores entre 10 a 15 mmHg e com sopro sist&#243;lico discreto na &#225;rea a&#243;rtica por gradiente na via de sa&#237;da de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo em torno de 15 mmHg. Na &#250;ltima avalia&#231;&#227;o de rotina, a press&#227;o arterial em membro superior direito era de 140 x 70 mmHg, e no membro superior esquerdo e membros inferiores a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica era de 90 mmHg, o que caracterizava diagn&#243;stico de obstru&#231;&#227;o na cro&#231;a da aorta, entre os membros superiores. </p>
    <p><bold>Exame f&#237;sico :</bold> Bom estado geral, eupneico, acian&#243;tico, pulsos contrastantes entre o membro superior direito e as demais extremidades. Peso: 65 Kg. Alt.: 165 cm, PAMSD: 140/70 mmHg, PAMSE = PAMID = 90 mmHg, FC: 78 bpm. A aorta era nitidamente palpada na f&#250;rcula com fr&#234;mito e sopro sist&#243;licos, ++ de intensidade.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio, <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado e n&#227;o havia impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e auscultava-se sopro sist&#243;lico moderado, ++ de intensidade, rude, na &#225;rea a&#243;rtica e borda esternal esquerda, acompanhado de fr&#234;mito. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado e os pulm&#245;es eram limpos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Exames complementares</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold> mostrava ritmo sinusal, sinais de bloqueio completo do ramo direito e bloqueio da divis&#227;o &#226;ntero-superior do ramo esquerdo (inalterados desde a corre&#231;&#227;o neonatal da CoAo e da CIV). AP: +50&#186;, AQRS: +245&#186;, AT: +12&#186;. </p>
    <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold> mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal e globosa por hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica e trama vascular pulmonar normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a17fig01">fig.1</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a17fig01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-100-01-00e1-00017-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a17fig01">fig.1</xref>) mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas com dimens&#245;es normais, discreta hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica (septo = parede posterior = 10 mm), gradiente de press&#227;o intraventricular esquerdo de 15 mmHg na via de sa&#237;da e de 58 mmHg na cro&#231;a da aorta. </p>
    <p><bold>Tomografia tor&#225;cica da aorta</bold> mostrou obstru&#231;&#227;o em tr&#234;s n&#237;veis da aorta. Na aorta ascendente (15,9 x 18,5 mm), na cro&#231;a ap&#243;s a emerg&#234;ncia da art&#233;ria car&#243;tida esquerda (11 x 14,6 mm) e na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica ap&#243;s a art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda na altura da corre&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via da coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta (15,1 x 15,1 mm) em rela&#231;&#227;o a di&#226;metros normais de 24,9 x 23,9 no final da aorta ascendente e de 20,5 x 19,8 mm na aorta descendente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a17fig02">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a17fig02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-100-01-00e1-00017-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico: </bold>Coarta&#231;&#227;o na cro&#231;a da aorta em evolu&#231;&#227;o natural, aliada &#224; recoarta&#231;&#227;o discreta da aorta na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica, estenose da aorta ascendente por incis&#227;o operat&#243;ria pr&#233;via e re-estenose suba&#243;rtica discreta.</p>
    <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico: </bold>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos evolutivos eram compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta na cro&#231;a entre os membros superiores pela demonstra&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;tido gradiente de press&#227;o entre os mesmos. A aus&#234;ncia de sintomas, com boa toler&#226;ncia f&#237;sica e sem sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, &#233; compat&#237;vel ainda com situa&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica favor&#225;vel. A ausculta card&#237;aca orientou ao diagn&#243;stico de re-estenose suba&#243;rtica associada. A aus&#234;ncia de gradiente entre os membros superior esquerdo e os inferiores previa estreitamento discreto na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica da aorta. Esses elementos foram confirmados pelas imagens demonstradas pelo ecocardiograma e especialmente pela tomografia tor&#225;cica. </p>
    <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Outras doen&#231;as que se acompanham de obstru&#231;&#227;o da aorta em diferentes n&#237;veis devem ser invocadas, representadas especialmente pelas vasculopatias como na doen&#231;a de Kawasaki e na de Takayassu. No entanto, s&#227;o elas acompanhadas de quadro inflamat&#243;rio e em per&#237;odo mais precoce na vida. </p>
    <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face da maior repercuss&#227;o da obstru&#231;&#227;o na cro&#231;a da aorta, presen&#231;a de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e com hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica, estabeleceu-se da&#237; a necessidade da corre&#231;&#227;o operat&#243;ria. Julgou-se que o mais adequado fosse o redirecionamento sangu&#237;neo por meio da coloca&#231;&#227;o de tubo pl&#225;stico entre a aorta ascendente e a aorta descendente afim de melhor adequar a circula&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica. </p>
    <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios: </bold>A coarta&#231;&#227;o evolutiva na cro&#231;a da aorta, mesmo em acompanhamento de longo prazo ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o da coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta em regi&#227;o habitual, ap&#243;s a emerg&#234;ncia da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda, tem sido verificada com a frequ&#234;ncia de 10% a 20% desses casos. Em vista desse fato, a corre&#231;&#227;o da coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta em idade precoce tem sido estendida at&#233; a cro&#231;a da aorta em uma t&#233;cnica conhecida como "anastomose t&#233;rmino-terminal estendida" da aorta. O diagn&#243;stico da coarcta&#231;&#227;o na cro&#231;a da aorta &#233; determinado com facilidade em evolu&#231;&#227;o mais tardia desde que haja a preocupa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica da medida da press&#227;o arterial realizada sistematicamente nos quatro membros. &#201; de interesse notar que o estreitamento da aorta na cro&#231;a torna-se mais n&#237;tido na evolu&#231;&#227;o tardia, n&#227;o havendo par&#226;metros pr&#233;vios para estabelecer seu diagn&#243;stico mais precoce com precis&#227;o. Da&#237; que em casos suspeitos, a corre&#231;&#227;o estendida at&#233; a cro&#231;a passa a ser de elei&#231;&#227;o. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Edmar Atik </p>
        <p> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 cj 73 </p>
        <p> CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicalradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 1/2013: 20-year-old man with native and evolutionary coarctation in aortic arch</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case 1/2013 :20-year-old man with native and evolutionary coarctation in aortic arch</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cl&#237;nica privada do Dr Edmar Atik, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Coarctation of the aorta, aortic arch coarctation.</p>
      <p><bold>Clinical data:</bold> After correction of severe aortic coarctation (AoC) in the isthmus through the end-to-end technique and closing of large Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with 18 days of life, in addition to correction of moderate subaortic stenosis with intraventricular pressure gradient of 40 mmHg with 3 years of age, a good clinical outcome was later observed. The patient currently tolerates routine exercising and does not refer any symptoms. Over time, he maintained upper and lower limb gradient between 10 and 15 mmHg and discreet systolic murmur in the aortic area by left ventricular outflow tract gradient around 15 mmHg. In the last routine evaluation, blood pressure in the right upper limb was 140 x 70 mmHg, and in the left upper and lower limbs, the systolic pressure was 90 mmHg, which characterized diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction between the upper limbs. </p>
      <p><bold>Physical examination :</bold> Good general condition, eupneic, acyanotic, contrasting pulses between the right upper limb and the other ends. Weight: 65 Kg. Height: 165 cm, average systolic and diastolic blood pressure: 140/70 mmHg, PAMSE = PAMID = 90 mmHg, HR: 78 bpm. The aorta was clearly palpable palpable at the suprasternal notch with systolic fremitus and murmur of ++ intensity.</p>
      <p>In the precordium, apical impulse was not palpable and there were no systolic impulses. The heart sounds were normal and moderate systolic murmur of ++ intensity was harsh across the left sternal border, accompanied by fremitus. The liver was not palpable and the lungs were clear.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Complementary tests</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Electrocardiogram</bold> showed sinus rhythm, signs of complete right bundle branch block and anterior superior division block of the left branch (unchanged since the neonatal correction of aortic coarctation and VSD). AP: +50&#186;, AQRS: +245&#186;, AT: +12&#186;. </p>
      <p><bold>Chest radiograph</bold> showed normal and globular heart size on myocardial hypertrophy and normal pulmonary vasculature (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a17fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a17fig01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-100-01-00e1-00017-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a17fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>) showed cardiac cavities with normal dimensions, discrete myocardial hypertrophy (septum = posterior wall = 10 mm), left intraventricular pressure gradient of 15 mmHg in the left outflow tract and 58 mmHg in the aortic arch. </p>
      <p><bold>CT of thoracic aorta </bold>showed three-level aortic occlusion. In the ascending aorta (15.9 x 18.5 mm), the arch after the emergence of the left carotid artery (11 x 14.6 mm) and in the isthmus after the left subclavian artery at the level of the previous correction of aortic coarctation (15.1 x 15.1 mm) compared to normal diameters of 24.9 x 23.9 at the end of the ascending aorta and 20.5 x 19.8 mm in the descending aorta (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a17fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a17fig02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-100-01-00e1-00017-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Clinical diagnosis: </bold>Coarctation in the aortic arch in natural evolution coupled with discrete recoarctation of the aorta in the isthmus, stenosis of the ascending aorta by prior surgical incision and discrete subaortic restenosis.</p>
      <p>Clinical reasoning: Evolutionary clinical findings were compatible with the diagnosis of aortic coarctation in the arch between the upper limbs through the demonstration of the clear pressure gradient between them. The absence of symptoms, with good physical tolerance and no signs of heart failure were also compatible with a favorable dynamic situation. Cardiac auscultation was conducive to the diagnosis of associated subaortic restenosis. The absence of a gradient between the left upper limb and the lower limbs predicted slight narrowing of the aortic isthmus. These elements were confirmed by the echocardiography images, especially by chest CT.</p>
      <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Other diseases that are accompanied by aortic obstruction at different levels should be recalled, especially vasculopathies such as Kawasaki's disease and Takayasu's disease. However, they are accompanied by inflammations early in life.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Given the greater impact of aortic arch obstruction, presence of systolic hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy, hence the need for surgical correction, it was thought that the most appropriate procedure was redirecting blood by placing a plastic tube between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta in order to better adjust the systemic circulation.</p>
      <p><bold>Comments: </bold>The evolutionary aortic arch coarctation, even in the long term follow-up post-correction of the aortic coarctation in the usual area after the emergence of the left subclavian artery, has been observed at a rate of 10% to 20% of these cases. Considering that, the aortic coarctation correction at an early age has been extended to the aortic arch on a technique known as "extended end-to-end anastomosis" of the aorta. The diagnosis of aortic arch coarctation is easily determined later during evolution, provided that there is medical concern of the blood pressure measurement performed systematically in all four limbs. It is worth noting that the narrowing of the aortic arch becomes sharper during the late phase, and there are no previous parameters to establish its earlier diagnosis with precision. Hence, in suspected cases, the correction extended to the arch becomes the method of choice. </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Edmar Atik </p>
          <p> Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 cj 73</p>
          <p> Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
