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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2675-312X/20223501eabc284</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223501eabc284</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Images</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Intermittent Aortic Intraprosthetic Failure</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Melato</surname>
						<given-names>Luciano H</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Furtado</surname>
						<given-names>Rogério G</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Caroline R</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Diagnostic Imaging Center</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">Goiás</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Diagnostic Imaging Center – CDI, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Federal University of Goiás</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Luciano Henrique Melato •</bold> Avenida R11, 1.035, apto. 401. CEP <postal-code>74125-100</postal-code> – Goiânia, GO, Brazil. E-mail: <email>lhmelato@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Authors’ contributions</bold></p>
					<p>Data and images acquisition: LHM; Manuscript writing: DCR, LHM; Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: RGF e ACRO</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Conflict of interest</bold></p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>30</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc284</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>23</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>01</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>14</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis</kwd>
				<kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Prosthesis Failure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="5"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>Intermittent mechanical prosthesis dysfunction is a rare and potentially serious complication<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> that can affect prostheses in the aortic<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> or mitral position. It causes obstruction or intermittent central regurgitation depending on the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the disk becomes stuck.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The most common cause of this dysfunction is pannus formation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> which may also occur due to thrombosis, mitral subvalvular tissue, suture material, vegetations, ventricular myocardium,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> or mechanical failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Left untreated, transient mobility loss leads to permanent disk immobilization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In this scenario, a patient in whom a size 21 Carbomedics<sup>®</sup> metallic aortic prosthesis was implanted 14 years prior was referred for echocardiography due to abnormal cardiac auscultation findings. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms showed significant intermittent central prosthetic regurgitant jet unrelated to arrhythmias ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> ; <xref ref-type="video" rid="f2">Videos 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="video" rid="f3">2</xref> ). The mean prosthetic gradient was 29 mm Hg and the effective valve area was 1.08 cm². A refringent, periannular, fixed, sub- and supra-prosthetic image suggestive of pannus was also identified (Figure 2), which became the main etiological hypothesis for this unusual dysfunction presentation.</p>
		<fig id="f1">
			<label>Figure 1</label>
			<caption>
				<title>Transthoracic echocardiography (A) and transesophageal echocardiography (B) images showing fixed (arrows) hyper-refringent sub- and supra-prosthetic images suggestive of pannus. Color flow mapping demonstrates significant aortic prosthetic regurgitation (C) with no signs of prosthetic regurgitation in the next cardiac cycle (D) on the same projection. Aortic prosthetic regurgitating jet with a pressure half-time of less than 200 msec (E). Presence of intermittent holodiastolic reversal flow in the abdominal aorta (F; arrows).</title>
			</caption>
			<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-gf01.tif"/>
		</fig>
		<media id="f2" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-m01.mp4">
			<label>Video 1</label>
			<caption>
				<title>Transesophageal echocardiography (trans-gastric view) showing intermittent aortic prosthetic regurgitation and a concomitant increase in left ventricular dimensions with a regular heart rhythm.</title>
			</caption>
		</media>
		<media id="f3" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-m02.mp4">
			<label>Video 2</label>
			<caption>
				<title>Transthoracic echocardiography (longitudinal parasternal view) showing the intermittent intraprosthetic regurgitant jet of the mechanical aortic prosthesis with a regular heart rhythm.</title>
			</caption>
		</media>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Images</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Insuficiência Intraprotética Aórtica Intermitente</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Melato</surname>
						<given-names>Luciano H</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Rassi</surname>
						<given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Furtado</surname>
						<given-names>Rogério G</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Oliveira</surname>
						<given-names>Ana Caroline R</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Goiânia, GO</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Goiânia</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás,2, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspondência: Luciano Henrique Melato •</bold> Avenida R11, 1.035, apto. 401. CEP <postal-code>74125-100</postal-code> – Goiânia, GO, Brasil. E-mail: <email>lhmelato@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Contribuição dos autores</bold></p>
					<p>Obtenção dos dados e imagens: LHM; Redação e edição do manuscrito: DCR, LHM; Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: RGF e ACRO.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Conflito de interesses</bold></p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Próteses valvulares cardíacas</kwd>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
				<kwd>Falha de prótese</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A disfunção intermitente de prótese mecânica é uma complicação rara e potencialmente grave,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> que pode acometer próteses nas posições aórtica<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ou mitral. Provoca obstrução ou regurgitação central intermitente, dependendo da fase do ciclo cardíaco durante a qual o disco fica preso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A causa mais comum é a formação de <italic>pannus</italic> ,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> podendo também ocorrer em função de trombose, tecido subvalvar mitral, material de sutura, vegetações, miocárdio ventricular<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> ou falha mecânica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Se não for tratada, a perda da mobilidade transitória leva à imobilização permanente do disco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nesse caso, um paciente submetido ao implante de prótese aórtica metálica Carbomedics número 21 há 14 anos foi encaminhado para a realização do ecocardiograma devido à alteração da ausculta cardíaca. Os ecocardiogramas transtorácico (ECOTT) e transesofágico (ECOTE) evidenciaram jato regurgitante protético central significativo, porém intermitente e sem relação com arritmias ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="video" rid="f5">Vídeos 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="video" rid="f6">2</xref> ). O gradiente protético médio era de 29 mmHg e área valvar efetiva, de 1,08 cm². Notou-se também imagem refringente, perianular, fixa, sub e supraprotética, sugestiva de <italic>pannus</italic> (Figura 2), principal hipótese etiológica para essa apresentação não usual de disfunção.</p>
			<fig id="f4">
				<label>Figura 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Observam-se, ao ecocardiograma transtorácico (A) e ao ecocardiograma transesofágico (B), imagens hiperrefringentes de localização sub e supraprotética, fixas (setas), sugestivas de pannus. O mapeamento de fluxo em cores demonstra insuficiência protética aórtica significativa (C) com ausência de sinais de insuficiência protética no ciclo cardíaco seguinte (D), na mesma projeção. Jato regurgitante protético aórtico com pressure half-time menor que 200 milissegundos (E). Presença de refluxo holodiastólico intermitente em aorta abdominal (F; setas).</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-gf01-pt.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<media id="f5" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-m01.mp4">
				<label>Vídeo 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Ecocardiograma transesofágico no corte transgástrico exibindo insuficiência protética aórtica intermitente e aumento concomitante das dimensões do ventrículo esquerdo. Ritmo cardíaco regular.</title>
				</caption>
			</media>
			<media id="f6" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc284-m02.mp4">
				<label>Vídeo 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Incidência paraesternal longitudinal do ecocardiograma transtorácico evidenciando o jato regurgitante intraprotético intermitente da prótese mecânica aórtica. Ritmo cardíaco regular.</title>
				</caption>
			</media>
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