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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2675-312X/20223501eabc221</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20223501eabc221</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve and Myocardial Contractility Under Stress in the Post-Infarction Ischemic Memory Dilemma</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>Marilia Esther Benevides de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Pinheiro</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Diógenes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Antônio Augusto Lima</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>José Sebastião de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos de Fortaleza</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>2</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Ceará</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff3">
					<label>3</label>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual do Ceará</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: José Sebastião de Abreu •</bold> Rua Dr. José LourenÇo, 500, apto. 700, Meireles. CEP <postal-code>60115280</postal-code> – Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. E-mail: <email>jsabreu@cardiol.br</email> / <email>jsabreu10@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Authors’ contributions</bold></p>
					<p>Conception and design of the research: Abreu MEB and Abreu JS; Writing of the manuscript : Abreu MEB and Abreu JS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Abreu MEB and Abreu JS; Acquisition of data: Pinheiro TCD, Guimarães AAL and Abreu JS; critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Pinheiro TCD, Guimarães AAL and Abreu JS.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Conflict of interest</bold></p>
					<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>30</day>
				<month>03</month>
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2022</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>35</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>eabc221</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>28</day>
					<month>05</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>26</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords</title>
				<kwd>Stress echocardiography</kwd>
				<kwd>Dobutamine</kwd>
				<kwd>Myocardial infarction</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="11"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), some cases progress with deep T wave inversions on electrocardiogram (ECG). This electrocardiographic abnormality can continue for a prolonged period, even if a coronary intervention within a short time of AMI progression results in successful myocardial reperfusion. However, these deep T wave inversions can raise management questions when the patient is already being followed up in an outpatient clinic, particularly in the absence of relevant symptoms to support the resurgence of an ischemic process. In this context, a safe noninvasive assessment such as dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) associated with the analysis of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) may be an option for this dilemma between myocardial ischemia and the possible post-infarction ischemic memory.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="cases">
			<title>Case report</title>
			<p>A 59-year-old man with hypertension and dyslipidemia presented with intense oppression, retrosternal burning, and AMI. After approximately one hour of progression, he underwent a hemodynamic study that identified a proximal anterior descending coronary artery (ADA) occlusion ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figures 1A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1B</xref> ); the other coronary arteries were normal. The ADA became completely patent after stent implantation with <italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic> (TIMI) 3 without blushing ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1C</xref> ). Forty days after the AMI, the patient attended a cardiology appointment. He had been told about the ECG changes in a previous appointment and was unsure about to which restrictions he would be subjected. He reported mild nonspecific chest pain unrelated to exertion. A physical examination revealed good general condition, eupneic, normal pulmonary auscultation, regular rhythm in three heart beats by the fourth heart sound, and a blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg. The patient used beta-blockers, aspirin, diuretics, rosuvastatin, and ticagrelor.</p>
			<fig id="f1">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Coronary angiography showing ADA occlusion (A, B) and complete arterial patency after stent implantation (C). ADA, anterior descending coronary artery</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>An ECG performed before the AMI showed normal ventricular repolarization, while the current test showed deep T wave inversion in the anterior wall ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref> ). New tests showed a normal blood count, renal function, and electrolyte, creatine kinase-MB, troponin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Echocardiography showed mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and normal valves and pericardium. Myocardial hypocontractility was present in the ADA territory, but this vessel had prominent predominant diastolic flow with normal Doppler velocity ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3A</xref> ). As this coronary artery was patent and the patient had no relevant symptoms, a DSE with simultaneous noninvasive CFVR assessment was proposed. The patient was informed of the benefits and risks of this procedure, which was programmed after his consent.</p>
			<fig id="f2">
				<label>Figure 2</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Electrocardiogram performed 40 days after the acute myocardial infarction showing an anteroseptal inactive zone and deep T wave inversion in the anterior wall (A). T wave polarity is normalized during stress echocardiography (B).</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf02.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<fig id="f3">
				<label>Figure 3</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Baseline Doppler showing a normal PDV in the left ADA (A). A normal CFVR (≥2) is achieved during stress echocardiography at only 61% of maximum HR for age (B). CFVR, coronary flow velocity reserve; PDV, peak diastolic velocity</title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf03.tif"/>
			</fig>
			<p>On DSE, dobutamine was administered in continuous intravenous infusion at doses of 10, 20, and 30 <italic>μ</italic> cg.kg-¹.min-¹ in three-minute stages, with atropine 0.5 mg being administered in the third stage and reaching maximum heart rate (HR) (220 - age in years). At this point, the test was concluded and a bolus of 3 mg of esmolol was administered intravenously and later repeated to return the HR to baseline levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ADA flow was checked intermittently to reach a diastolic velocity twice as high as that at baseline to determine a normal CFVR (≥2).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It should be noted that this normal coronary reserve was obtained early (HR = 98 bpm), i.e., at only 61% of the maximum test HR ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 3B</xref> ). During DSE, the contractile response became normal ( <xref ref-type="video" rid="f4">Video</xref> ) without complications or symptoms. During the test, ECG showed T wave polarity normalization ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2B</xref> ).</p>
			<media id="f4" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-m01.mp4">
				<label>Video 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>Apical two-chamber view on stress echocardiogram showing normal inferior wall contraction and hypokinesia of the anterior wall at baseline (upper left frame). During stress, the absence of ischemia is observed at maximum heart rate represented by the excellent contractility of both walls (bottom left frame).</title>
				</caption>
			</media>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>The demonstration of post-infarction ischemia can be challenging in specific conditions, especially in the absence of relevant clinical signs, showing the need to rule out differential diagnoses to improve safety regarding life risk or restrictions on the patient’s daily activities.</p>
			<p>Laboratory test findings were incompatible with myocardial injury, and no pericardial involvement was identified on echocardiography. Increased wall thickness can indicate a noticeable ventricular repolarization abnormality such as in asymmetric septal hypertrophy, apical hypertrophy, or Fabry disease; however, in this case, the hypertrophy was concentric and mild.</p>
			<p>DSE is a safe and well-established test for coronary heart disease diagnosis and prognosis. Dobutamine also acts as a potent vasodilator, enabling a validated CFVR assessment. This is obtained by simply dividing the peak diastolic velocity obtained during stress by the one recorded at rest in the ADA flow, with a cutoff point ≥ 2 being the normal value. CFVR is highly accurate at indicating a good prognosis or the absence of ischemia, particularly if it is obtained early (before DSE completion).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The greatest proportion of myocardial thickening is determined by the contraction of its inner third in the endocardium.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Consequently, an injury with less significant necrosis can determine ventricular wall hypokinesia on echocardiography, even after the ischemic event. However, an expressive contractile reserve is expected after physical or pharmacological stimulation in cases of minor injury. The patient reported here was reperfused within one hour of the AMI onset, which could justify the mild injury and the excellent contractile response during DSE.</p>
			<p>The diagnosis of ischemic memory is unusual, but we consider its application adequate for the case presented here, as we have no elements other than previous ischemia to justify these marked ventricular repolarization changes. In fact, some facts substantiate the term ischemic memory in this case: first, the absence of a clinical presentation compatible with coronary insufficiency at rest or even during DSE at maximum HR; second, the excellent contractile response of the myocardium during the test; third, the confirmation that the stress ECG showed no ischemia; and fourth, the ADA was patent with good basal flow, showing normal coronary reserve early.</p>
			<p>The term “cardiac memory” has been used in cases that show diffuse T wave ECG inversions that may appear after ventricular tachycardia, intermittent left bundle branch block, or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We initially could not unquestionably rule out the possibility that the patient had previously presented any of these conditions. However, even in the most severe cardiac memory presentations, ECG presents positive or biphasic T wave polarity in the DI lead and positive polarity in the aVL lead.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In this case, the T wave inversion extended to the entire anterior wall, so the possibility of cardiac memory was unlikely.</p>
			<p>The exact mechanism of post-infarction ischemic memory is unclear, but it is common to see patients with adequate myocardial reperfusion showing significant ventricular repolarization changes. Considering the isolated ADA disorder, demonstrating its patency in a resting condition corroborates the possibility of DSE assessing the coronary reserve and myocardial contractile reserve, defining the diagnosis and prognosis and avoiding additional tests.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>In the presence of a patent ADA, the demonstration of normal CFVR and myocardial contractility during DSE favor a good prognosis despite the presence of inverted and deep T waves in the anterior wall on ECG in the post-infarction period.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Reserva de Velocidade de Fluxo Coronariano e da Contratilidade Miocárdica sob Estresse no Dilema da Memória Isquêmica Pós-Infarto</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>Marilia Esther Benevides de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Pinheiro</surname>
						<given-names>Tereza Cristina Diógenes</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Guimarães</surname>
						<given-names>Antônio Augusto Lima</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Abreu</surname>
						<given-names>José Sebastião de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>3</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff4">
					<label>1</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Clinicárdio Métodos Diagnósticos de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff5">
					<label>2</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff6">
					<label>3</label>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
						<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspondência: José Sebastião de Abreu •</bold> Rua Dr. José Lourenço, 500, apto. 700, Meireles. CEP <postal-code>60115280</postal-code> – Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. E-mail: <email>jsabreu@cardiol.br</email> / <email>jsabreu10@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p><bold>Contribuição dos autores</bold></p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa: Abreu MEB e Abreu JS; redação do manuscrito: Abreu MEB e Abreu JS; análise e interpretação dos dados: Abreu MEB e Abreu JS; obtenção de dados: Pinheiro TCD, Guimarães AAL e Abreu JS; Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Pinheiro TCD, Guimarães AAL e Abreu JS.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p><bold>Conflito de interesses</bold></p>
					<p>Os autores declaram não terem conflitos de interesse.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave</title>
				<kwd>Ecocardiografia sob estresse</kwd>
				<kwd>Dobutamina</kwd>
				<kwd>Infarto do miocárdio</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>Após o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), alguns casos evoluem com profundas inversões das ondas T do eletrocardiograma (ECG). Essa anormalidade eletrocardiográfica pode ser observada por prolongado período, mesmo que uma intervenção coronariana tenha ocorrido com pouco tempo de evolução do IAM e determinado uma reperfusão miocárdica bem-sucedida. Todavia, essas profundas inversões das ondas T podem suscitar dúvidas quanto à conduta, quando o paciente já está em acompanhamento ambulatorial, particularmente na ausência de sintomatologia relevante que respalde o recrudescimento de um processo isquêmico. Nesse contexto, uma avaliação não invasiva segura, como o ecocardiograma sob estresse com dobutamina (EED), simultâneo à verificação da reserva de velocidade de fluxo coronariano (RVFC), pode ser uma opção para esse dilema entre a isquemia miocárdica e a possível memória isquêmica pós-infarto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="cases">
				<title>Relato do caso</title>
				<p>Homem de 59 anos, hipertenso, dislipidêmico, apresentou intensa opressão, ardor retroesternal e IAM. Em aproximadamente 1 hora de evolução, foi submetido a estudo hemodinâmico, que constatou oclusão da artéria coronária descendente anterior (ADA) proximal ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figuras 1A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">1B</xref> ) e demais coronárias normais. A ADA ficou totalmente pérvia após o implante de stent, apresentando <italic>Thrombolysis</italic> in <italic>Myocardial Infarction</italic> (TIMI) 3 sem <italic>blush</italic> ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 1C</xref> ). Quarenta dias após o IAM, procurou nova consulta cardiológica, pois, em consulta prévia, soube que havia alterações no ECG, mas estava inseguro quanto a tal fato e a que restrições estaria submetido. Relatava precordialgia leve, inespecífica e sem relação com esforços. Bom estado geral, eupneico, ausculta pulmonar normal, ritmo cardíaco regular em três tempos por quarta bulha e pressão arterial de 130x70mmHg. Em uso de betabloqueador, aspirina, diurético, rosuvastatina e ticagrelor.</p>
				<fig id="f5">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Coronariografia mostra a oclusão da artéria coronária descendente anterior (A e B) e a artéria totalmente pérvia após o implante de stent (C).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>Um ECG realizado antes do IAM mostrava a repolarização ventricular normal, enquanto o atual evidenciava profunda inversão das ondas T em parede anterior ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 2A</xref> ). Foram solicitados novos exames, que denotaram hemograma, função renal, eletrólitos, isoenzima MB da creatina quinase (CK-MB), troponina e enzima lactato desidrogenase (LDH) normais. O ecocardiograma mostrou hipertrofia concêntrica discreta do ventrículo esquerdo, valvas e pericárdio normais. Havia hipocontratilidade miocárdica no território da ADA, mas esse vaso apresentava fluxo diastólico proeminente, predominante e com velocidade normal ao Doppler ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 3A</xref> ). Como essa coronária estava pérvia e o paciente não tinha sintoma relevante, foi proposta a realização de um EED com a simultânea avaliação não invasiva da RVFC. Ao paciente, foram informados os benefícios e os riscos desse procedimento, o qual foi programado após seu consentimento.</p>
				<fig id="f6">
					<label>Figura 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Eletrocardiograma realizado 40 dias após infarto agudo do miocárdio mostra zona inativa anterosseptal e profunda inversão das ondas T na parede anterior (A). Durante o ecocardiograma sob estresse, ocorre normalização da polaridade das ondas T (B).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf02-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<fig id="f7">
					<label>Figura 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>O Doppler basal mostra pico de velocidade diastólica normal na coronária descendente anterior (A). Durante o ecocardiograma sob estresse e com apenas 61% da frequência cardíaca máxima para a idade, a reserva de velocidade de fluxo coronariano normal (≥2) já é alcançada (B).</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-gf03-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
				<p>No EED, a dobutamina foi utilizada na infusão endovenosa contínua com doses de 10, 20 e 30μcg.Kg-¹.min-¹ em estágios de 3 minutos, sendo administrada atropina (0,5mg) no terceiro estágio e alcançada a frequência cardíaca (FC) máxima (220 - idade em anos). Nesse momento, concluiu-se o exame, e administrou-se um bólus de 3mg de esmolol endovenoso, o qual foi repetido para reduzir a FC para os níveis basais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O fluxo na ADA era verificado de forma intermitente e objetivando o registro de uma velocidade diastólica duas vezes maior do que a basal, de forma a determinar uma RVFC normal (≥2).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ressalte-se que essa reserva coronária normal foi obtida com precocidade (FC de 98 bpm), ou seja, com apenas 61% da FC máxima do exame ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figura 3B</xref> ). Durante o EED, a resposta contrátil tornou-se normal ( <xref ref-type="video" rid="f8">Vídeo</xref> ), sem qualquer intercorrência ou sintoma. Durante o exame, o ECG mostrou normalização da polaridade das ondas T ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figura 2B</xref> ).</p>
				<media id="f8" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-35-1-eabc221-m01.mp4">
					<label>Vídeo 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ecocardiograma sob estresse no registro apical de duas câmaras. No quadro superior esquerdo, em condição basal, verifica-se contração normal da parede inferior e hipocinesia da parede anterior. Durante o estresse, verifica-se, em frequência cardíaca máxima, ausência de isquemia representada pela excelente contratilidade de ambas paredes (quadro inferior esquerdo).</title>
					</caption>
				</media>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>A demonstração de isquemia pós-infarto pode ser um desafio em condições específicas, principalmente quando não há manifestação clínica relevante, determinando a necessidade de descartar diagnósticos diferenciais para trazer segurança quanto a risco de vida ou restrições quanto às atividades cotidianas do paciente.</p>
				<p>Os exames laboratoriais não foram compatíveis com injúria miocárdica nem havia comprometimento pericárdico ao ecocardiograma. O aumento da espessura das paredes pode determinar acentuada anormalidade na repolarização ventricular, tal como na hipertrofia septal assimétrica, hipertrofia apical ou doença de Fabry, mas, neste relato, a hipertrofia era concêntrica e de grau leve.</p>
				<p>O EED é um exame seguro e bem estabelecido para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico da doença coronariana. A dobutamina também apresenta potente ação vasodilatadora, o que proporciona, por uma metodologia validada, a avaliação da RVFC. Tal avaliação é obtida pela simples divisão do pico de velocidade diastólica, obtido durante o estresse que foi registrado em repouso no fluxo da ADA, sendo o ponto de corte ≥2 o valor normal. A RVFC apresenta elevada acurácia para indicar bom prognóstico ou a ausência de isquemia, particularmente se for obtida de forma precoce, antes da conclusão do EED.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A maior proporção de espessamento do miocárdio é determinada pela contração de seu terço interno no endocárdio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Consequentemente, uma injúria com necrose menos expressiva pode determinar hipocinesia de uma parede ventricular ao ecocardiograma, mesmo após o evento isquêmico. Todavia, no caso de pequena injúria, espera-se expressiva reserva contrátil manifesta após estímulo físico ou farmacológico. O paciente do relato foi reperfundido dentro de 1 hora do início do IAM, o que poderia justificar uma menor injúria e a excelente resposta contrátil durante o EED.</p>
				<p>O diagnóstico de memória isquêmica não é usual, mas considera-se sua aplicação adequada para o caso apresentado, pois não existem elementos que não sejam o da isquemia prévia para justificar essas acentuadas alterações da repolarização ventricular. Na realidade, alguns fatos substanciaram o termo memória isquêmica nesse caso. O primeiro desses fatos é a ausência de manifestação clínica compatível com insuficiência coronariana em repouso ou mesmo durante o EED em FC máxima. O segundo é a excelente resposta contrátil do miocárdio durante o exame. O terceiro fato consiste na verificação de que o ECG no estresse não evidenciou isquemia. O quarto fato é que a ADA estava pérvia com bom fluxo basal e, de forma precoce, já evidenciou reserva coronária normal.</p>
				<p>O termo “memória cardíaca” tem sido aplicado em casos nos quais ocorrem inversões difusas das ondas T do ECG, podendo surgir após taquicardia ventricular, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo intermitente ou Wolff-Parkinson-White. Em princípio, não seria possível descartar de forma inquestionável o fato de que o paciente tivesse apresentado em momento prévio alguma dessas condições. Contudo, mesmo nas apresentações mais pronunciadas de memória cardíaca, a polaridade da onda T do ECG é positiva ou bifásica na derivação DI e positiva em aVL.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Neste relato, a inversão das ondas T era extensa a toda parede anterior, de forma que a possibilidade de memória cardíaca é improvável.</p>
				<p>O exato mecanismo para explicar a memória isquêmica pós-infarto não é claro, mas não é incomum encontrar pacientes com adequada reperfusão miocárdica apresentando alterações expressivas da repolarização ventricular. Considerando o comprometimento isolado da ADA, a demonstração de sua patência em condição de repouso traz a possibilidade de indicar o EED para avaliar a reserva coronariana e reserva contrátil do miocárdio, definindo diagnóstico e prognóstico e evitando exames adicionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em conclusão, na vigência de ADA pérvia, a demonstração da RVFC e da contratilidade miocárdica normais durante o EED favorece o bom prognóstico do paciente, mesmo na vigência de ondas T invertidas e profundas ao ECG no período pós-infarto de parede anterior.</p>
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