<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="case-report" xml:lang="pt">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2675-312X/20213402eabc135</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47593/2675-312X/20213402eabc135</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de Pr&#xF3;tese de Amplatzer&#x2122; ap&#xF3;s Fechamento Percut&#xE2;neo de Comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o Interatrial: Relato de Caso</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Val&#xE9;rio</surname><given-names>Raul Serra</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Rodrigues</surname><given-names>Alfredo Augusto Eyer</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Raoul</surname><given-names>Artur Jos&#xE9; da Silva</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Uellendahl</surname><given-names>Marly Maria</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Peixoto</surname><given-names>Luciana Braz</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Dasa</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Dasa, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#xE3;o Paulo</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#xE3;o Paulo, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Marly M. Uellendahl &#x2022;</bold> Rua Joaquim Nabuco, 1560, Brooklyn Paulista CEP: <postal-code>04621-005</postal-code>, SP, Brasil. E-mail: <email>mauellendahl@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflito de interesses</bold></p>
<p>Os autores declaram n&#xE3;o terem conflitos de interesse.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p><bold>Contribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos autores</bold></p>
<p>Contribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos autores: Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa: Valerio, RS; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM. Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito: Valerio, RS; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM; Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual: Rodrigues, AAE; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM; Silva, CES; Raoul, AJS.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>11</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2021</year></pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<elocation-id>eabc135</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>31</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2020</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>01</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>27</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2020</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interatrial</kwd>
<kwd>Dispositivo para oclus&#xE3;o septal</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="6"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="5"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdu&#xE7;&#xE3;o</title>
<p>A Comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o Interatrial (CIA) &#xE9; a cardiopatia cong&#xEA;nita mais comum no adulto e, em casos espec&#xED;ficos, tem indica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de tratamento. A via percut&#xE2;nea tem se destacado como a forma menos invasiva de fechamento dessa comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o, especificamente da CIA tipo <italic>ostium secundum</italic>, por&#xE9;m n&#xE3;o &#xE9; isenta de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es, como o relato a seguir.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Caso cl&#xED;nico</title>
<p>Paciente do sexo masculino, 44 anos, procurou o servi&#xE7;o para realizar Ecocardiograma Transesof&#xE1;gico (ETE) com hist&#xF3;ria de fechamento de CIA via percut&#xE2;nea com pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; h&#xE1; 2 anos. Permaneceu sintom&#xE1;tico ap&#xF3;s o procedimento, por&#xE9;m n&#xE3;o realizou exames de imagem complementares nesse per&#xED;odo.</p>
<p>No ETE, foi visibilizada dilata&#xE7;&#xE3;o das c&#xE2;maras direitas, ampla CIA tipo <italic>ostium secundum</italic> com 26mm e fluxo transeptal direcionado do &#xE1;trio esquerdo para o direito. Observou-se deslocamento da pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; para tronco de art&#xE9;ria pulmonar, logo ap&#xF3;s a valva pulmonar, pr&#xF3;ximo da bifurca&#xE7;&#xE3;o, onde estava firmemente aderida por uma das bordas &#xE0; parede lateral do vaso. Observou-se, ainda pelo Color Doppler, fluxo turbulento no tronco pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f2">V&#xED;deo 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagens do ecocardiograma transesof&#xE1;gico mostrando pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; deslocada para tronco de art&#xE9;ria pulmonar (A e B). Doppler colorido mostrando fluxo turbilhonado no tronco da art&#xE9;ria pulmonar (C).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf01.tif"/></fig>
<media id="f2" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-m01.mp4">
<label>V&#xED;deo 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ecocardiograma evidenciando deslocamento da pr&#xF3;tese oclusora.</title></caption></media>
<p>Realizou-se angiotomografia, que confirmou presen&#xE7;a da CIA medindo 44mmx28mm, dilata&#xE7;&#xE3;o de c&#xE2;maras direitas e do tronco da art&#xE9;ria pulmonar e imagem compat&#xED;vel com pr&#xF3;tese de Amplatzer&#x2122; na art&#xE9;ria pulmonar junto &#xE0; bifurca&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos ramos direito e esquerdo, sem sinais de falha de enchimento em ramos pulmonares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref>). O paciente foi submetido &#xE0; corre&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica convencional, com esternotomia mediana, fechamento da CIA e retirada da pr&#xF3;tese do tronco pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 3</xref>). Evoluiu em exame de controle com queda da press&#xE3;o pulmonar, redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o do tamanho das c&#xE2;maras direitas e melhora sintom&#xE1;tica significativa.</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagens tomogr&#xE1;ficas com reconstru&#xE7;&#xE3;o planar (A e B) e tridimensional (C) mostrando pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; em tronco de art&#xE9;ria pulmonar.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf03.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Imagem de pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; ap&#xF3;s extra&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica aberta (A); pr&#xF3;tese Amplatzer&#x2122; sendo retirada do tronco da art&#xE9;ria pulmonar (B).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf04.tif"/></fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discuss&#xE3;o</title>
<p>A incid&#xEA;ncia de CIA na literatura &#xE9; de 3,78 para cada 10 mil nascimentos, o que corresponde de 5% a 9% de todos os casos de malforma&#xE7;&#xF5;es card&#xED;acas cong&#xEA;nitas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Entretanto, a CIA &#xE9; a cardiopatia cong&#xEA;nita mais prevalente em adultos, podendo chegar a 25%, com predom&#xED;nio no sexo feminino, sendo classificada em quatro tipos: <italic>ostium secundum</italic> (50% a 70%), <italic>ostium primum</italic> (30%), seio venoso (5% a 10%) e seio coron&#xE1;rio (3% &#x2013; bem rara). Apenas a CIA do tipo <italic>ostium secundum</italic> &#xE9; considerada um defeito do septo interatrial propriamente dito.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
<p>O fechamento da CIA com dispositivo de Amplatzer&#x2122; por via percut&#xE2;nea &#xE9; atualmente uma op&#xE7;&#xE3;o terap&#xEA;utica totalmente estabelecida no tratamento da CIA do tipo <italic>ostium secundum</italic> para pacientes que preenchem crit&#xE9;rios anat&#xF4;micos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Observa-se que, com o aumento do n&#xFA;mero de implantes de pr&#xF3;teses por via percut&#xE2;nea, a literatura revela aumento no n&#xFA;mero de poss&#xED;veis complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es. A principal delas &#xE9; a embolia do dispositivo durante o implante, com risco de deslocamento, emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o e m&#xE1; posi&#xE7;&#xE3;o, variando entre 0,5% e 1%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> A quase totalidade dos casos de emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de pr&#xF3;tese necessita de interven&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> No caso do nosso paciente, n&#xE3;o sabemos precisar quando o dispositivo migrou, mas existem relatos de migra&#xE7;&#xE3;o imediata e de at&#xE9; 10 anos depois do implante. A grande ader&#xEA;ncia da pr&#xF3;tese no tronco pulmonar e a aus&#xEA;ncia de sinais nas bordas da CIA falam a favor de que a migra&#xE7;&#xE3;o possa ter ocorrido logo depois do implante, al&#xE9;m do relato do paciente de que os sintomas nunca regrediram.</p>
<p>O tratamento percut&#xE2;neo da CIA com pr&#xF3;tese de Amplatzer&#x2122; pode ser a melhor op&#xE7;&#xE3;o para a maioria dos casos de CIA em adultos que necessitam de tratamento (com sinais de repercuss&#xE3;o hemodin&#xE2;mica) e com baixo de &#xED;ndice de complica&#xE7;&#xF5;es. Entretanto a emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o da pr&#xF3;tese representa complica&#xE7;&#xE3;o grave e com alta mortalidade, necessitando quase sempre de interven&#xE7;&#xE3;o cir&#xFA;rgica. A causa do deslocamento da pr&#xF3;tese &#xE9; amb&#xED;gua, mas bordas insuficientes para fixa&#xE7;&#xE3;o do dispositivo podem ser responsabilizadas, da&#xED; a import&#xE2;ncia da sele&#xE7;&#xE3;o pr&#xE9;via adequada dos pacientes para o procedimento. Como no caso em quest&#xE3;o n&#xE3;o conhecemos o paciente antes do procedimento, n&#xE3;o podemos precisar a causa da emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o. Felizmente, essa grave complica&#xE7;&#xE3;o foi resolvida com sucesso ap&#xF3;s a cirurgia.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>Refer&#xEA;ncias</title>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Chessa</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Carminati</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Butera</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bini</surname><given-names>RM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Drago</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Rosti</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>
<etal/></person-group>
<article-title>Early and late complications associated with transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect</article-title>
<source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1061</fpage>
<lpage>1065</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01711-4</pub-id></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>1. Chessa M, Carminati M, Butera G, Bini RM, Drago M, Rosti L, et al. Early and late complications associated with transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(6):1061-5. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01711-4</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Cardoso</surname><given-names>CO</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Rossi</surname><given-names>RI</given-names><suffix>Filho</suffix></name>
<name><surname>Machado</surname><given-names>PR</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Fran&#xE7;ois</surname><given-names>LM</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Horowitz</surname><given-names>ES</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Sarmento-Leite</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group>
<article-title>Efetividade da pr&#xF3;tese de Amplatzer&#xAE; para fechamento percut&#xE2;neo</article-title>
<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>384</fpage>
<lpage>389</lpage>
<comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000400003">https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000400003</ext-link></comment></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>2. Cardoso CO, Rossi Filho RI, Machado PR, Fran&#xE7;ois LM, Horowitz ES, Sarmento-Leite R. Efetividade da pr&#xF3;tese de Amplatzer&#xAE; para fechamento percut&#xE2;neo. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88(4):384-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2007000400003</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Martins</surname><given-names>GF</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Jessen</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Cavalcanti</surname><given-names>CR</given-names></name></person-group>
<article-title>Emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o da pr&#xF3;tese de amplatzer<sup>&#xAE;</sup> ap&#xF3;s fechamento percut&#xE2;neo de comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interatrial</article-title>
<source>Rev Bras Cardiol</source>
<year>2012</year>
<date-in-citation content-type="citad-date">[citado 2021 Mar 8]</date-in-citation>
<volume>25</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>498</fpage>
<lpage>500</lpage>
<comment>Dispon&#xED;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.onlineijcs.org/english/sumario/25/pdf/v25n6a09.pdf">http://www.onlineijcs.org/english/sumario/25/pdf/v25n6a09.pdf</ext-link></comment></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>3. Martins GF, Jessen B, Cavalcanti CR. Emboliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o da pr&#xF3;tese de amplatzer<sup>&#xAE;</sup> ap&#xF3;s fechamento percut&#xE2;neo de comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o interatrial. Rev Bras Cardiol. 2012[citado 2021 Mar 8]; 25(6):498-500. Dispon&#xED;vel em: http://www.onlineijcs.org/english/sumario/25/pdf/v25n6a09.pdf</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Nath</surname><given-names>RK</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Pandit</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group>
<article-title>Asymptomatic late embolization of Amplatzer septal occluder device</article-title>
<source>Indian Heart J</source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>338</fpage>
<lpage>340</lpage>
<comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.013">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.013</ext-link></comment></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>4. Nath RK, Pandit N. Asymptomatic late embolization of Amplatzer septal occluder device. Indian Heart J. 2017;69(3):338-40. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.013</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name><surname>Son</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name></person-group>
<article-title>Subacute, silent embolization of amplatzer atrial septal defect closure device to the pulmonary artery</article-title>
<source>J Cardiovasc Ultrasound</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>201</fpage>
<lpage>204</lpage>
<comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2012.20.4.201">http://dx.doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2012.20.4.201</ext-link></comment></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>5. Son JW, Park JS. Subacute, silent embolization of amplatzer atrial septal defect closure device to the pulmonary artery. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2012;20(4):201-4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2012.20.4.201</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list>
</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Amplatzer&#x2122; Prosthesis Embolization After Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Case Report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Val&#xE9;rio</surname><given-names>Raul Serra</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Rodrigues</surname><given-names>Alfredo Augusto Eyer</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Raoul</surname><given-names>Artur Jos&#xE9; da Silva</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Uellendahl</surname><given-names>Marly Maria</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>2</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>Carlos Eduardo Suaide</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Peixoto</surname><given-names>Luciana Braz</given-names></name> <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Dasa, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brazil.</institution></aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">S&#xE3;o Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Federal University of S&#xE3;o Paulo, S&#xE3;o Paulo, SP, Brazil.</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Marly M. Uellendahl &#x2022;</bold> Rua Joaquim Nabuco, 1560, Brooklyn Paulista CEP: <postal-code>04621-005</postal-code>, SP, Brazil. E-mail: <email>mauellendahl@gmail.com</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Conflict of interest</bold></p>
<p>The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p><bold>Authors&#x2019; Contributions:</bold></p>
<p>Research creation and design: Valerio, RS; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM. Manuscript writing: Valerio, RS; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM; Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Rodrigues, AAE; Peixoto LB; Uellendahl, MM; Silva, CES; Raoul, AJS.</p></fn></author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Heart septal defects, atrial</kwd>
<kwd>Septal occluder device</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart disease in adults; in specific cases, it has indications for treatment. The percutaneous approach has been highlighted as a less invasive method to close this defect, specifically in cases of ostium secundum ASD; however, it can have complications as described in the following report.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Clinical case</title>
<p>A 44-year-old man with a history of undergoing percutaneous ASD closure using an Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis 2 years prior underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). He remained symptomatic after the procedure but did not undergo complementary imaging tests during this period.</p>
<p>TEE revealed right chamber dilation, a large ostium secundum ASD measuring 26 mm, and transseptal flow from the left to the right atria. The Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis moved to the pulmonary artery trunk just after the pulmonary valve close to the bifurcation, where it was firmly adhered by one of the edges to the lateral wall of the vessel. Color Doppler showed turbulent flow in the pulmonary trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="other" rid="f6">Video 1</xref>).</p>
<fig id="f5">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Transesophageal echocardiography images showing an Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis displaced to the pulmonary artery trunk (A and B). Color Doppler image showing turbulent flow in the pulmonary artery trunk (C).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
<media id="f6" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-m01.mp4">
<label>Video 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Echocardiography showing occluder prosthesis displacement.</title></caption></media>
<p>The patient underwent computed tomography angiography, which confirmed the presence of an ASD measuring 44 mm &#xD7; 28 mm, right chamber dilation, and the pulmonary artery trunk showing an image compatible with the Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis in the pulmonary artery near the bifurcation of right and left branches with no signs of filling failure in the pulmonary branches (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>). The patient underwent conventional surgical correction consisting of a median sternotomy, ASD closure, and prosthesis removal from the pulmonary trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 3</xref>). The patient&#x2019;s condition progressed with decreased pulmonary pressure, decreased sizes of the right chambers, and significant symptom improvement.</p>
<fig id="f7">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Tomography images of planar (A and B) and three-dimensional (C) reconstruction showing an Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis in the pulmonary artery trunk.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
<fig id="f8">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<title>Image of the Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis after open surgical extraction (A); and the Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis being removed from the pulmonary artery trunk (B).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="0102-762X-dic-34-2-eabc135-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>The incidence of ASD in the literature is 3.78 per 10,000 births, corresponding to 5&#x2013;9% of all cases of congenital heart malformation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>.However, ASD is the most prevalent congenital heart disease in adults (reportedly involving up to 25% of cases), predominant in women, and classified into four types (ostium secundum [50&#x2013;70%], ostium primum [30%], venous sinus [5&#x2013;10%], and coronary sinus [3% &#x2013; extremely rare]). Only ostium secundum ASD is considered an atrial defect itself<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref>.</p>
<p>The percutaneous closure of ASD using the Amplatzer&#x2122; device is currently a therapeutic option fully established in the treatment of ostium secundum ASD in patients who meet the anatomical criteria<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref>. The increased number of percutaneous prosthesis implants has increased possible complications. The main complication is device embolism during implantation with the risk of displacement, embolization, and incorrect placement of 0.5&#x2013;1%<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>. Almost all cases of prosthesis embolization require surgical intervention<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>. It was not possible to identify when the device migrated in the reported case, but there are reports of migration immediately after and up to 10 years after the implantation. The great adherence of the prosthesis to the pulmonary trunk and the absence of signs on the ASD edges indicate migration soon after the implantation in addition to the patient&#x2019;s report that his symptoms never resolved.</p>
<p>Percutaneous ASD treatment with the Amplatzer&#x2122; prosthesis may be the best option for most adult ASD cases requiring treatment (with signs of hemodynamic repercussion) since it presents a low rate of complications. However, prosthesis embolization is a severe complication with a high mortality rate that often requires surgical intervention. The cause of prosthesis displacement is ambiguous, but insufficient edges for device fixation can be a factor; thus, it is important to correctly select appropriate candidates for the procedure. Since the authors did not know this patient prior to the procedure, it was impossible to specify the cause of the embolization in this case. Fortunately, this severe complication was successfully resolved after surgery.</p>
</sec></body></sub-article>
</article>