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<article article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Phenomenology, Humanities and Sciences - Fenomenologia, Humanidades e Ciências</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Instituto de Treinamento e Pesquisa em Gestalt-terapia de Goiânia (ITGT); Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Fenomenológica (Abrapfe)</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20210023</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20210023</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Case Report</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Familial Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis with Homozygous Val122Ile Mutation Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cafezeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Caio Rebouças Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9203-2151</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Alencar</surname>
						<given-names>Aristoteles Comte de</given-names>
						<suffix>Neto</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6721-7779</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bueno</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno Vaz Kerges</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6721-5474</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rissato</surname>
						<given-names>João Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6559-5338</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dabarian</surname>
						<given-names>André Luiz</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9236-3815</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Hotta</surname>
						<given-names>Viviane Tiemi</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9323-8805</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Fernandes</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio</given-names>
					</name>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Coração de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração de São Paulo (Incor),São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Fábio Fernandes • Cardiomyopathies Group - Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code: 05403-000, Cerqueira César, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>fabio.fernandes@incor.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Author contributions</p>
					<p>Conception and design of the research:Cafezeiro C, Alencar A. Acquisition of data:Bueno B, Rissato J. Writing of the manuscript: Cafezeiro C. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content:Hotta V, Dabarian A. Supervision / as the major investigador: Fernandes F.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2021</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Oct-Dec</season>
				<year>2021</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>1</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>157</fpage>
			<lpage>160</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>26</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>26</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>Systemic amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the deposition of an amyloid protein that forms fibrils and deposits in tissues. With respect to age and phenotype, patients with the Val122Ile transthyretin (TTR) mutation are similar to those with wild-type cardiac amyloidosis, causing a late-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy with minimal neuropathy, whose median age of onset is 69 years. Homozygous mutation is rare. We report the case of a male patient who had recent-onset heart failure and phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Technetium scintigraphy showed cardiac uptake and absence of circulating immunoglobulins, suggesting TTR cardiac amyloidosis. Genetic analysis confirmed cardiac amyloidosis caused by the homozygous Val122Ile mutant TTR protein.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
				<kwd>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Restrictive Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="4"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="11"/>
				<page-count count="4"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introduction</title>
			<p>Amyloidosis is a group of diseases caused by the deposition of an insoluble and abnormally folded protein that can accumulate in various organs, causing progressive and irreversible dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Diseases caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene (TTR), known as hereditary or variant cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRv), are endemic to certain geographic regions. There is a genotype-phenotype correlation, and specific TTR mutations are associated with purely neurological disease, heart disease, or both.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The Val122Ile mutation, which almost exclusively affects individuals of African or African Caribbean descent, has a population prevalence of 3% to 4%. This mutation was first described in 1989 in a case of 3 patients with hereditary systemic amyloidosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> With respect to age and phenotype, patients with the Val122Ile TTR mutation are similar to those with wild-type cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt), causing a late-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy with minimal neuropathy, whose median age of onset is 69 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>Most patients with ATTR are heterozygous, which means that they have a defect in only one of the homologous chromosomes. Although homozygous cases with defects in both chromosomes are rare, they have been reported. Homozygosity for the Val122Ile mutation may be associated with early onset of heart disease. The largest cohort of people with homozygous Val122Ile demonstrated symptom onset a decade earlier than individuals with a heterozygous mutation (62 versus 72 years); all of them were African American, and the disease was predominant in males at a ratio of 6:1.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
			<p>We report the case of a patient with a homozygous TTR gene mutation causing familial amyloid cardiomyopathy.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Case Report</title>
			<p>A 64-year-old Afro-Brazilian man reported that, in May 2015, he felt tiredness, weakness, and weight loss of approximately 7 kg (from 71 to 64 kg). He had had history of stage I hypertension and carpal tunnel syndrome for 5 years. He reported that the fatigue had been progressive and associated with orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and lower limb edema. The initial electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm, first-degree atrioventricular block, and left-axis deviation with normal voltage. Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular hypertrophy with symmetrical increases in the thickness of the septum and posterior wall.</p>
			<p>Upon initial evaluation, syndromic diagnosis was heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and etiological diagnosis was hypertensive heart disease or possible hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the patient was referred to our hospital, which is a reference center for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</p>
			<p>Upon physical examination, the patient showed elevated jugular venous pressure and lower limb edema. Laboratory tests were as follows: leukocytes, 3320/mm<sup>3</sup>; hemaglobin, 14.6/mm<sup>3</sup>; platelet count 202/mm<sup>3</sup>; plasma urea 36 mg/dL; creatinine, 0.99 mg/dL; fasting glucose, 98 mg/dL; sodium, 141 mEq/dL; potassium, 4.2 mEq/dL; 24-hour proteinuria, 0.05 g/24 hour; ultrasensitive troponin I 135 ng/L (reference value &lt; 46); and BNP 1191 pg/ml (reference value &lt; 25). Echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction with a restrictive pattern, left atrial dilatation, increased valve thickness and interatrial septum, mild pericardial effusion, and left ventricular ejection fraction of 54% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref> ). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed delayed gadolinium enhancement with a circumferential pattern, suggesting cardiac amyloidosis. Investigation to rule out light chain amyloidosis showed absence of monoclonal gammopathy, by means of light chain assay and 24-hour serum and urinary immunofixation.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01">
					<label>Figure 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– <italic>Echocardiogram showing increased thickness of the septal and inferior lateral walls, increased thickness of the interatrial septum and mitral and aortic valves, and pericardial effusion.</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0157-gf01.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>Technetium bone scintigraphy was performed, revealing grade 3 cardiac uptake, suggesting ATTR ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref> ). Genetic analysis confirmed the hereditary form due to homozygous mutation of the transthyretin protein (Val122Ile).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– <italic>Cardiac pyrophosphate scintigraphy at 1 hour and 3 hours, showing grade 3 cardiac uptake.</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0157-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>We have reported the case of an Afro-Brazilian man with homozygous Val122Ile mutation for amyloidosis. This is an extremely rare condition, with only 25 patients reported to date. Almost all reported mutations have been Val122Ile, and it has been most common in African American ethnicity, with only one case reported in a White man.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>The patient’s symptoms began at 59 years of age, but diagnosis was made 5 years later. The mutation found (Val122Ile) causes cardiac amyloidosis in people over 60 years of age, with a phenotype similar to that of ATTRwt. Reddi et al. studied 13 patients with homozygous mutation, and they found a significantly earlier age of onset defined by age at diagnosis (62 ± 5.75 years) in comparison with 24 patients with heterozygous mutation (72 ± 8.14 years). An analysis of the literature has shown a higher percentage of male homozygotes compared to heterozygotes.</p>
			<p>Notwithstanding the early onset, symptoms are usually the same as in heterozygotes. Restrictive cardiomyopathy and, rarely, neuropathy have been observed. Neuropathy may be peripheral and/or autonomic. Soft tissue involvement leads to an increased incidence of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal stenosis, or spontaneous biceps tendon rupture.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Prognosis may be worse. There has been a report of severe phenotype with rapid progression to heart failure, New York Heart Association functional class II/IV, left ventricular dysfunction, and considerably elevated NT-proBNP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In patients who are homozygous for the Val30Met ATTR mutation with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, there seems to be a greater likelihood of progressing with central nervous system involvement than in those who are heterozygous for the mutation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
			<p>There is a lack of evidence regarding drugs that bind and stabilize the TTR homotetramer specifically in homozygotes. Supportive management is based on proper adjustment of blood volume and treatment of arrhythmias. In general, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers are not well tolerated in this group of patients, as in other types of cardiac amyloidosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In severe cases of heart failure, there has been a report of heart transplantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
			<p>In conclusion, our patient with a homozygous mutation had an early onset, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thus, amyloidotic heart disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis of cardiac hypertrophies, especially hypertrophic heart disease. Early diagnosis makes it possible to initiate specific treatment with stabilizing drugs, thus avoiding disease progression.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<label/>
				<p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding</p>
				<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Amiloidose Cardíaca Transtirretina Familiar Homozigótica Val122Ile Mimetizando Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Cafezeiro</surname>
						<given-names>Caio Rebouças Fonseca</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9203-2151</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Alencar</surname>
						<given-names>Aristoteles Comte de</given-names>
						<suffix>Neto</suffix>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6721-7779</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Bueno</surname>
						<given-names>Bruno Vaz Kerges</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6721-5474</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rissato</surname>
						<given-names>João Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6559-5338</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Dabarian</surname>
						<given-names>André Luiz</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9236-3815</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Hotta</surname>
						<given-names>Viviane Tiemi</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9323-8805</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Fernandes</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio</given-names>
					</name>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração de São Paulo (Incor), São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">Correspondência: Fábio Fernandes • Grupo de Miocardiopatias. Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, Cerqueira César, SP - Brasil E-mail: fabio.fernandes@incor.usp.br</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa: Cafezeiro C, Alencar A. Obtenção de dados: Bueno B, Rissato J. Redação do manuscrito: Cafezeiro C. Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Hotta V, Dabarian A. Supervisão / como investigador principal: Fernandes F.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</p>
					<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<p>A amiloidose sistêmica é um grupo de doenças causadas pela deposição de uma proteína amiloide que forma fibrilas e deposita nos tecidos. Pacientes com mutação de transtirretina (TTR) Val122Ile têm idade e um fenótipo semelhante àqueles com amiloidose cardíaca do tipo selvagem, causando uma cardiomiopatia restritiva de início tardio com neuropatia mínima em uma idade média de início de 69 anos. A mutação homozigótica é rara. Relatamos um paciente do sexo masculino que apresentava insuficiência cardíaca de início recente e fenótipo de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. A cintilografia com tecnécio evidenciou captação cardíaca e ausência de imunoglobulinas circulantes, sugerindo amiloidose cardíaca TTR. A análise genética confirmou a amiloidose cardíaca causada pela proteína TTR mutante homozigótica Val122Ile.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia Restritiva</kwd>
				<kwd>Insuficiência Cardíaca</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introdução</title>
				<p>Amiloidose é um grupo de doenças causadas pela deposição de uma proteína insolúvel e anormalmente dobrada que pode se acumular em vários órgãos, causando disfunção progressiva e irreversível.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> As doenças causadas por mutações no gene da transtirretina (TTR), descritas como amiloidose cardíaca hereditária ou variante (ATTRv), são endêmicas em determinadas regiões geográficas. Existe uma correlação genótipo-fenótipo, com mutações de TTR específicas sendo associadas a doença puramente neurológica, doença cardíaca ou ambas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A mutação Val122Ile, que afeta quase exclusivamente indivíduos de ascendência africana ou afro-caribenha, tem uma prevalência populacional de 3% a 4%. Essa mutação foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1989 em um caso de 3 pacientes com amiloidose sistêmica hereditária.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Pacientes com mutação TTR Val122Ile têm idade e um fenótipo semelhante à amiloidose cardíaca do tipo selvagem (ATTRwt), causando uma cardiomiopatia restritiva de início tardio com neuropatia mínima em uma idade média de início de 69 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>A maioria dos pacientes com ATTR é heterozigótica, o que significa que eles têm um defeito em apenas um dos cromossomos homólogos. Embora os casos homozigotos, com defeitos em ambos os cromossomos, sejam raros, já foram relatados. A homozigosidade para a mutação Val122Ile pode estar associada ao início precoce da doença cardíaca. A maior coorte de Val122Ile homozigótica demonstrou o início dos sintomas uma década antes do que os indivíduos com uma mutação heterozigota (62 versus 72 anos) e todos eles eram afro-americanos, com uma predileção pelo gênero masculino em uma proporção de 6:1.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Relatamos o caso de um paciente homozigoto para gene com mutação da TTR que causa cardiomiopatia amiloidótica familiar.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Relato de Caso</title>
				<p>Um homem afro-americano de 64 anos relata que em maio de 2015 apresentou cansaço, fraqueza e emagrecimento em torno de 7 kg (71 a 64 kg). Ele tinha história de hipertensão estágio I e síndrome do túnel do carpo há 5 anos. Ele relata que a fadiga tem sido progressiva e associada à ortopneia, dispneia paroxística noturna e edema de membros inferiores. Ao ECG inicial evidenciou ritmo sinusal, bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau e desvio do eixo para a esquerda, com voltagem normal. O ecocardiograma revelou hipertrofia ventricular esquerda com aumentos simétricos de espessura do septo e da parede posterior.</p>
				<p>Na avaliação inicial, o diagnóstico sindrômico era de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada e o diagnóstico etiológico era cardiopatia hipertensiva ou possível cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e o paciente foi encaminhado ao nosso hospital, centro de referência em cardiomiopatia hipertrófica.</p>
				<p>Ao exame físico, apresentava pressão venosa jugular elevada e edema de membros inferiores. Os exames laboratoriais: leucócitos, 3320/mm<sup>3</sup>; hemaglobina, 14,6/mm<sup>3</sup>; contagem de plaquetas 202/mm<sup>3</sup>; ureia plasmática 36 mg/dL; creatinina, 0,99 mg/dL; glicemia de jejum, 98 mg/dL; sódio, 141 mEq/dL; potássio, 4,2 mEq/dL; proteinúria de 24 h, 0,05 g/24 h; troponina I ultra-sensível 135 ng/L (valor de referência &lt; 46) e BNP 1191 pg/ml (valor de referência &lt; 25). A ecocardiografia revelou hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e disfunção diastólica com padrão restritivo, dilatação atrial esquerda, aumento de espessuras valvares e do septo interatrial, derrame pericárdico discreto e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo de 54% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref> ). A ressonância magnética cardíaca mostrou realce tardio com gadolínio com padrão circunferencial, sugerindo amiloidose cardíaca. A pesquisa para exclusão de amiloidose por cadeias leves resultou na ausência de gamopatia monoclonal por meio da pesquisa de cadeias leves e imunofixação sérica e urinária de 24 horas.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f01002">
						<label>Figura 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– <italic>Ecocardiograma com aumento das espessuras das paredes septal e lateral inferior, aumento da espessura do septo interatrial e das válvulas mitral e aórtica e derrame pericárdico.</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0157-gf01-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>A cintilografia óssea com tecnécio foi realizada e mostrou captação cardíaca grau 3 sugerindo ATTR ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref> ). A análise genética confirmou a forma hereditária por mutação homozigótica da proteína transtirretina (Val122Ile).</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– <italic>Cintilografia cardíaca com pirofosfato em 1 hora e em 3 horas evidenciando grau 3 de captação cardíaca.</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0157-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Relatamos o caso de um homem afro-americano com mutação homozigótica Val122Ile para amiloidose. Esta é uma condição extremamente rara com apenas 25 pacientes relatados até o momento. Quase todas as mutações relatadas foram Val122Ile e a etnia Afro-americana é a regra, com apenas um caso relatado de homem caucasiano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Os sintomas do paciente citado começaram aos 59 anos, mas seu diagnóstico foi realizado 5 anos depois. A mutação encontrada (Val122Ile) ocasiona amiloidose cardíaca em pessoas com mais de 60 anos com um fenótipo semelhante ao da ATTRwt. Reddi e cols. estudaram 13 homozigotos e encontraram uma idade de início significativamente mais precoce definida pela idade do diagnóstico (62 ± 5,75 anos) do que os 24 heterozigotos (72 ± 8,14 anos). A análise da literatura demonstrou uma maior porcentagem de homozigotos do sexo masculino em relação aos heterozigotos.</p>
				<p>Apesar do acometimento precoce, os sintomas geralmente são os mesmos dos heterozigotos. Cardiomiopatia restritiva e raramente neuropatia são observadas. A neuropatia pode ser periférica e/ou autonômica. O envolvimento dos tecidos moles leva a um aumento da incidência de síndrome do túnel do carpo bilateral, estenose espinhal ou ruptura espontânea do tendão do bíceps.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O prognóstico pode ser pior. Há relato de fenótipo grave com rápida progressão para insuficiência cardíaca, classe funcional II/IV da New York Heart Association, disfunção ventricular esquerda e elevação considerável do peptídeo natriurético N-terminal pró-cérebro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em homozigotos para a mutação ATTR Val30Met com polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar parece haver maior probabilidade de evoluir com envolvimento do sistema nervoso central do que aqueles que são heterozigotos para a mutação.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Evidências das drogas que se ligam e estabilizam o homotetrâmero TTR especificamente em homozigotos estão ausentes. O manejo de suporte é baseado no ajuste adequado da volemia e no tratamento das arritmias. Em geral, os inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e os betabloqueadores são mal tolerados nesse grupo de pacientes, assim como em outros tipos de amiloidose cardíaca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Em casos graves de insuficiência cardíaca, há relato de transplante cardíaco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Em conclusão, nosso paciente homozigoto apresentou início precoce simulando cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. Dessa forma a cardiopatia amiloidótica deve ser ponderada como diagnóstico diferencial de hipertrofias cardíacas, em especial a cardiopatia hipertrófica. O diagnóstico precoce permite o início do tratamento específico com drogas estabilizadoras evitando a progressão da doença.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Vinculação Acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<label/>
					<p>Aprovação Ética e consentimento informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de Financiamento</p>
					<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>