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<article article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Phenomenology, Humanities and Sciences - Fenomenologia, Humanidades e Ciências</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Instituto de Treinamento e Pesquisa em Gestalt-terapia de Goiânia (ITGT); Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Fenomenológica (Abrapfe)</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20210021</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20210021</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Editorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>The Importance of the DEIC/GEMIC/SBC 2021 Position Statement on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Amyloidosis to Clinical Practice</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6553-8387</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Simões</surname>
						<given-names>Marcus Vinicius</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Fernandes</surname>
						<given-names>Fabio</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Clínica Médica</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">Ribeirão Preto</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo,Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Coração</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">FMUSP</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração – HC FMUSP,São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01"> Mailing Address: Marcus Vinicius Simões • Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Campus da USP, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto - SP. Postal Code:14049-900 E-mail: <email>msimoes@fmrp.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Author Contributions</p>
					<p>Conception and design of the research; Acquisition of data; Analysis and interpretation of the data; Statistical analysis; Obtaining financing; Writing of the manuscript; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Simões MV, Fernandes F.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
					<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>10</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2021</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<season>Oct-Dec</season>
				<year>2021</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>1</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
			<fpage>80</fpage>
			<lpage>83</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>09</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>24</day>
					<month>09</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
				<kwd>Diagnostic Methods</kwd>
				<kwd>Treatment</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="6"/>
				<table-count count="0"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="7"/>
				<page-count count="4"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>The latest edition of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> has brought us the publication of the Position Statement on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Amyloidosis by the DEIC/GEMIC/SBC. This document was the result of the collaborative efforts of many experts in the area, exponents of cardiology in Brazil, but it also included other specialists, such as neurologists, hematologists and nuclear physicians.</p>
		<p>The need to bring together this group of collaborators reflects a fundamental aspect of amyloidosis, namely, a complex and multifaceted disease that affects multiple organs and requires the assistance of several specialties for comprehensive management. This was, in fact, a positive aspect of the document: its scope and multidisciplinary character.</p>
		<p>It is here appropriate to state the reasons that led the DEIC/GEMIC/SBC to produce this document, fulfilling the mission of producing documents that contribute to updating science and medical education, offering the signposts that are necessary to guide the practice of cardiology based on scientific evidence. The sense of urgency for this action was the clear perception of the recent and profound reformulation of concepts regarding cardiac amyloidosis (CA), including evidence that it is a more prevalent disease than previously imagined, the significant advance in imaging methods that has made non-invasive diagnosis possible, and the emergence of new specific treatments that can change the natural history of the disease ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
		<p>
			<fig id="f01">
				<label>Figure 1</label>
				<caption>
					<title>– <italic>Illustration outlining the aspects involved in the profound reformulation of concepts regarding cardiac amyloidosis that have expanded in recent years. HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.</italic></title>
				</caption>
				<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf01.tif"/>
			</fig>
		</p>
		<sec>
			<title>Cardiac amyloidosis is a frequent cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</title>
			<p>The main cardiological phenotype of CA is that of an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy, whose more general aspects of symptoms, increased thickness of the ventricular walls, and concentric remodeling of the left ventricle, overlap with those of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), produced by risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and aging. Thus, CA should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients who exhibit HFpEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
			<p>It is worth remembering that, among the different amyloidogenic proteins that can be deposited in the myocardium and cause CA, the wild type transthyretin form (ATTR-CAwt), which is closely linked to aging, is the most frequently reported in several series of specialized medical literature. This has been repeated both in large reference centers and in real world registers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Accordingly, a recent article has shown a very significant increase in CA as a cause of hospitalizations due to heart failure in several regions of the United States, between 2000 and 2012, exceeding the rate of 65 cases per 100,000 people/year, indicating that CA is not a rare disease according to the current criteria of the World Health Organization ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figure 2</xref> ).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f02">
					<label>Figure 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– <italic>Heat map showing the increased prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis as a cause associated with hospitalizations due to heart failure in the United States, between 2000 and 2012. Reproduced from (Gilstrap et al., 2019).</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf02.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>It is important to remember that there are no similar statistics in our country to confirm the higher prevalence of CA in the Brazilian population. This is a gap that we hope will be filled in the near future.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>Non-invasive diagnosis using bone tracer scintigraphy</title>
			<p>Of all the advances in the clinical scenario of CA, the one with the greatest impact has been the development of the bases for non-invasive diagnosis of ATTR-CA, dispensing the use of endomyocardial biopsy. In the celebrated study published by Perugini et al. in 2005, it was well demonstrated that patients with ATTR-CA exhibited intense and anomalous myocardial accumulation of some bisphosphonate agents used for bone scintigraphy. In this seminal study, only patients with ATTR-CA exhibited <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD (3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanedicarboxylic acid) uptake equivalent or superior to costal arch uptake (grades 2 or 3), while none of the patients with AC linked to light chains (AL form) showed the same behavior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
			<p>It was subsequently identified that a certain percentage (20% to 30%) of patients with AL-CA could also exhibit expressive uptake of bone markers, making it essential to rule out the presence of immunoglobulin light chains for diagnostic confirmation of ATTR-CA in patients with positive cardiac scintigraphy using bone markers. In the fundamental study by Gillmore et al., this set of results (cardiac scintigraphy with grade 2 or 3 bone marker uptake + light chain exclusion) had 100% specificity and predictive value, thus defining the non-invasive criteria for diagnosis of ATTR-CA, which have gone on to become a standard of conduct worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
			<p>These fundamental aspects have guided the choices made by the panel of experts who created the flowchart for the diagnosis of CA in our Position Statement, which is reproduced in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3</xref> . This alone is the most important item of the entire document, and we hope that it will be able to guide the diagnostic flow of CA in routine cardiology practice.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f03">
					<label>Figure 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– <italic>Flowchart for diagnosis of CA</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf03.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>New specific treatments</title>
			<p>There is no doubt that any efforts made to improve our ability to diagnose a given condition are only fully valid and compensated when we are able link this finding to the use of specific treatments capable of alleviating symptoms and prolonging our patients’ lives. The emergence of new therapies specific to CA has been the fundamental spring that has fueled research and initiatives to raise the level of care for more accurate and earlier diagnosis of CA.</p>
			<p>The transthyretin tetramer stabilizer tafamidis was the first drug for specific treatment of ATTR-CA to be tested in a multicenter, randomized, blinded study, the ATTRACT study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The main results of ATTRACT have shown that the use of tafamidis was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality by 30% (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.96) and a reduction in hospitalizations/year of around 32% (HR = 0.68%; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.81). In this manner, tafamidis is the first specific treatment for ATTR-CA capable of changing the natural history of the disease, and it has received approval from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency for the treatment of ATTR-CA in Brazil.</p>
			<p>Other very promising molecules are currently being developed and tested in phase 3 multicenter trials, including strategies for silencing the gene expression of TTR production through “small interference RNA” (patisiran) and “anti-sense” oligonucleotide (eplontersen) platforms.</p>
			<p>It is important to remember that we have recently witnessed the incorporation of significant advances in the treatment of AL-CA, using monoclonal antibodies and autologous bone marrow transplantation, which are associated with a surprising positive impact on mortality due to AL-CA, provided that patients are referred during earlier stages of disease evolution, which highlights the need for more accurate and quicker diagnosis of this disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Final comments</title>
			<p>As reviewed here, there is strong evidence to suggest that CA is a relatively prevalent but broadly underdiagnosed condition. The emergence of new therapies capable of changing the natural history of this serious disease has brought about the need for earlier and safer diagnosis. The publication of the DEIC/GEMIC/SBC 2021 Position Statement on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Amyloidosis takes on fundamental importance at this moment by contributing to the incorporation of these new concepts in clinical practice and providing signposts based on the most recent scientific evidence.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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				<mixed-citation>7. Gertz MA, Dispenzieri A. Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2020;324(1):79-89. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5493.</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="journal">
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<name>
							<surname>Gertz</surname>
							<given-names>MA</given-names>
						</name>
						<name>
							<surname>Dispenzieri</surname>
							<given-names>A</given-names>
						</name>
					</person-group>
					<article-title>Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review</article-title>
					<source>JAMA</source>
					<year>2020</year>
					<volume>324</volume>
					<issue>1</issue>
					<fpage>79</fpage>
					<lpage>89</lpage>
					<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.5493.</issue-id>
				</element-citation>
			</ref>
		</ref-list>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Study Association</p>
				<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
			</fn>
			<fn fn-type="other">
				<p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
				<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="supported-by">
				<p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRpt" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Editorial</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>A Importância do Posicionamento sobre Amiloidose Cardíaca do DEIC/GEMIC/SBC 2021 para a Prática Clínica</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6553-8387</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Simões</surname>
						<given-names>Marcus Vinicius</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1002"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Fernandes</surname>
						<given-names>Fabio</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2002"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1002">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2002">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração – HC FMUSP, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01002">Correspondência: Marcus Vinicius Simões • Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Campus da USP, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto - SP. CEP:14049-900 E-mail: msimoes@fmrp.usp.br</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="con">
					<p>Contribuição dos autores</p>
					<p>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa; Obtenção de dados; Análise e interpretação dos dados; Análise estatística; Obtenção de financiamento; Redação do manuscrito; Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante: Simões MV, Fernandes F.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="conflict">
					<p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
					<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
				<kwd>Cardiomiopatia</kwd>
				<kwd>Métodos Diagnósticos</kwd>
				<kwd>Tratamento</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A última edição dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> nos traz a publicação do Posicionamento sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Amiloidose Cardíaca do DEIC/GEMIC/SBC. Esse documento foi fruto do trabalho colaborativo de muitos experts da área, expoentes da Cardiologia Nacional, mas também incluiu outros especialistas como neurologistas, hematologistas e médicos nucleares.</p>
			<p>A necessidade de reunirmos essa constelação de colaboradores reflete um aspecto fundamental da amiloidose: uma doença complexa e multifacetada, com acometimentos orgânicos múltiplos e que necessita do concurso de várias especialidades para seu manejo na integralidade. De fato, esse foi um aspecto positivo do documento: sua abrangência e seu caráter multidisciplinar.</p>
			<p>É oportuno que afirmemos aqui as razões que levaram o DEIC/GEMIC/SBC a produzir este documento, cumprindo a missão de produzir documentos que contribuam para a atualização científica e para a educação médica, trazendo balizamentos necessários para guiar a prática da cardiologia baseada em evidências científicas. O sentido de urgência para tal ação foi a percepção clara da recente e profunda reformulação de conceitos acerca da amiloidose cardíaca (AC), incluindo evidências de que se trata de uma doença mais prevalente do que antes se imaginava, do expressivo avanço nos métodos de imagem que permitem seu diagnóstico de forma não invasiva e do surgimento de novos tratamentos específicos que podem mudar a história natural da doença ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01002">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f01002">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>– <italic>Ilustração delineando os aspectos envolvidos na profunda reformulação de conceitos sobre a amiloidose cardíaca que se avolumaram nos últimos anos. ICFEp: insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada.</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf01-pt.tif"/>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Amiloidose cardíaca é causa frequente de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada</title>
				<p>O principal fenótipo cardiológico da AC é de uma miocardiopatia restritiva infiltrativa, cujos aspectos mais gerais de sintomas e aumento da espessura das paredes ventriculares e remodelamento concêntrico do ventrículo esquerdo, se superpõe àqueles da insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp), produzida por fatores de risco como hipertensão arterial, obesidade, diabetes e envelhecimento. Desta forma, a AC deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial nos pacientes exibindo ICFEp.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Vale lembrar que dentre as diferentes proteínas amiloidogênicas que podem se depositar no miocárdio e cursar com AC, a transtirretina na forma <italic>wild type</italic> (AC-ATTRwt), que é intimamente ligada ao envelhecimento, é a mais frequentemente reportada em várias séries da literatura médica especializada. Isso se repete tanto em grandes centros de referência, como também em registros de mundo real.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, artigo recente mostrou um aumento muito expressivo da AC como causa de hospitalizações por insuficiência cardíaca em várias regiões dos Estados Unidos, entre os anos 2000 e 2012, ultrapassando a taxa de 65 casos por 100.000 pessoas/ano, indicando que a AC não é uma doença rara de acordo com os critérios atuais da Organização Mundial da Saúde ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02002">Figura 2</xref> ).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f02002">
						<label>Figura 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– <italic>Ilustração mostrando no “mapa de calor” o aumento da prevalência da amiloidose cardíaca como causa associada às hospitalizações por insuficiência cardíaca nos Estados Unidos, entre os anos de 2000 e 2012. Reproduzido a partir de (Gilstrap et al., 2019).</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf02-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>É importante lembrar que não há estatísticas semelhantes no nosso meio que permitam confirmar a prevalência mais elevada da AC na população brasileira. Essa é uma lacuna que esperamos que seja preenchida num futuro breve.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Diagnóstico não invasivo usando cintilografia com traçadores ósseos</title>
				<p>Dentre todos os avanços no cenário clínico da AC, o mais impactante foi o desenvolvimento das bases para um diagnóstico não invasivo da AC-ATTR, prescindindo do uso da biópsia endomiocárdica. No célebre estudo publicado por Perugini et al. em 2005, restou bem demonstrado que os pacientes com AC-ATTR exibiam acúmulo miocárdico intenso e anômalo de alguns agentes bifosfonados utilizados para cintilografia óssea. Nesse estudo seminal, apenas pacientes com AC-ATTR exibiam captação de<sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD (3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid) equivalente ou superior à captação dos arcos costais (graus 2 ou 3), enquanto nenhum dos pacientes com AC ligada a cadeias leves (forma AL) apresentavam o mesmo comportamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Posteriormente, identificou-se que certo percentual (20% a 30%) dos pacientes com AC-AL também poderiam exibir captação expressiva de marcadores ósseos, sendo fundamental a exclusão da presença de cadeias leves de imunoglobulina para uma confirmação diagnóstica de AC-ATTR nos pacientes com cintilografia cardíaca positiva com marcadores ósseos. No estudo fundamental de Gillmore et al., esse conjunto de resultados (cintilografia cardíaca com marcador ósseo grau 2 ou 3 + exclusão de cadeia leves) obteve especificidade e valor preditivo de 100%, definindo os critérios não invasivos para o diagnóstico da AC-ATTR que passaram a ser um padrão de conduta ao redor do mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
				<p>Esses aspectos fundamentais foram os norteadores das escolhas realizadas pelo painel de experts que criou o fluxograma para o diagnóstico da AC do nosso Posicionamento e que é reproduzido na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03002">Figura 3</xref> . Essa é, isoladamente, a peça mais importante de todo o documento, com a qual se espera poder orientar o fluxo diagnóstico da AC no dia-a-dia da prática cardiológica.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f03002">
						<label>Figura 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>– <italic>Fluxograma para o diagnóstico da AC.</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="0000-0000-abchf-001-02-0080-gf03-pt.tif"/>
					</fig>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Novos tratamentos específicos</title>
				<p>Não há dúvidas de que qualquer esforço despendido para melhorarmos nossa capacidade diagnóstica de uma determinada condição só seria plenamente válido e recompensado se pudéssemos vincular esse achado ao emprego de tratamentos específicos capazes de aliviar sintomas e prolongar a vida dos nossos pacientes. E o surgimento de novas terapias específicas para a AC tem sido a mola fundamental que alimenta as pesquisas e as iniciativas para elevarmos o nível assistencial para um diagnóstico mais preciso e mais precoce da AC.</p>
				<p>O estabilizador de tetrâmeros da transtirretina, tafamidis, foi a primeira droga para tratamento específico da AC-ATTR testado em estudo multicêntrico randomizado e velado, o estudo ATTRACT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Os resultados principais do ATTRACT mostraram que o emprego do tafamidis associou-se à redução significativa da mortalidade por todas as causas em 30% (HR = 0,70, 95% IC: 0,51 a 0,96) e redução de hospitalizações/ano da ordem de 32% (HR = 0,68%; IC 95%: 0,56 a 0,81). Dessa forma, o tafamidis é o primeiro tratamento específico da AC-ATTR capaz de mudar a história natural da doença, tendo recebido aprovação da ANVISA para o tratamento da AC-ATTR no Brasil.</p>
				<p>Outras moléculas muito promissoras estão sendo desenvolvidas e testadas neste momento em estudos multicêntricos fase 3, incluindo estratégias de silenciamento da expressão gênica da produção da TTR pelas plataformas de “small interference RNA”(patisiran) e oligonucleotídios “anti-sense” (eplontersen).</p>
				<p>É relevante lembrarmos que assistimos recentemente à incorporação de significativos avanços no tratamento da AC-AL, utilizando anticorpos monoclonais e o transplante de medula óssea autólogo, que estão associados a impacto positivo surpreendente na mortalidade da AC-AL, desde que os pacientes sejam encaminhados em estágios evolutivos mais precoces, o que realça a necessidade de um diagnóstico mais preciso e mais ágil desta doença.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Comentários finais</title>
				<p>Como revisamos aqui, há fortes evidências sugerindo que a AC seja uma condição de relativa prevalência, mas amplamente subdiagnosticada. O surgimento de novas terapias capazes de mudar a história natural desta doença grave traz a necessidade de um diagnóstico mais precoce e mais seguro. A publicação do Posicionamento sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Amiloidose Cardíaca do DEIC/GEMIC/SBC 2021 reveste-se de importância fundamental neste momento por contribuir para a incorporação destes novos conceitos na prática clínica e trazer os balizamentos embasados nas evidências científicas mais recentes.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Vinculação acadêmica</p>
					<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other">
					<p>Aprovação ética e consentimento informado</p>
					<p>Este artigo não contém estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="supported-by">
					<p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>