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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ABC HF</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC: Heart Failure &#x26; Cardiomyopathy</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Heart Fail Cardiomyop</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abchf.20210012</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abchf.20210012</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Brief Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Lessons Learned by a Multidisciplinary Heart Failure Clinic In The Midst Of A Pandemic</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5982-8847</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>Jefferson Lu&#xED;s</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1754-1009</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sobral</surname><given-names>Maria Gyslane Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3119-7187</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Flor&#xEA;ncio</surname><given-names>Raquel Sampaio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1846-3551</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>Viviane Moreira</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1598-4412</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vasconcelos</surname><given-names>Glauber Gean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8601-0901</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Germana Porto Linhares</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2945-7023</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Marinho</surname><given-names>Laura Leite da Esc&#xF3;ssia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-5912</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Fernandes</surname><given-names>Juliana Rolim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5018-941X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mejia</surname><given-names>Juan Alberto Cosquillo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6767-4785</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Souza</surname><given-names>Jo&#xE3;o David de</given-names><suffix>Neto</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Jefferson Lu&#xED;s Vieira</bold> &#x2022; Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart - Avenida Frei Cirilo, 3480. Postal Code - <postal-code>60846-285</postal-code>, Messejana, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil. E-mail: <email>jefvieira@yahoo.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold></p>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p><bold>Author Contributions</bold></p>
<p>Conception and design of the research: Vieira JL, Mejia JAC, Souza Neto JD; Acquisition of data: Vieira JL, Sobral MGV, Flor&#xEA;ncio RS, Alves VM, Vasconcelos GG, Almeida GPL, Marinho LLE, Fernandes JR, Souza Neto JD; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Vieira JL, Sobral MGV, Flor&#xEA;ncio RS; Writing of the manuscript: Vieira JL; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Vieira JL, Alves VM, Vasconcelos GG, Almeida GPL, Marinho LLE, Fernandes JR, Mejia JAC, Souza Neto JD.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>06</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2021</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<season>Jul-Sep</season>
<year>2021</year></pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>28</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year></date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>19</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2021</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>18</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p></license></permissions>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>In addition to the deaths caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several countries also observed an increase in the overall number of cardiovascular deaths during the pandemics compared with the same period in previous years. The presence of heart failure (HF) in the context of COVID-19 identifies a subgroup with complex management and may represent both a risk factor for worse infection outcomes and a severe cardiovascular complication caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with advanced HF require regular rigorous multidisciplinary medical follow-up, performed ideally through face-to-face consultation. However, due to the reallocation of health care professionals and the implementation of measures of isolation and social distancing, telemedicine strategies have strengthened as important allies in the management of HF patients. In the present document, we report the brief experience of the unit of advanced HF and heart transplant of Hospital de Messejana, a reference center in the confrontation of COVID-19 in the state of Cear&#xE1;, Brazil, with the primarily remote monitoring rather than face-to-face consultation from March to July 2020.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
<kwd>Coronavirus</kwd></kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="0"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="11"/>
<page-count count="3"/></counts></article-meta></front>
<body>
<sec>
<title>Article</title>
<p>One year after the first case of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in Brazil, on February 26, 2020, there has been the alarming record of 10 517 232 cases and almost 255 thousand deaths in the country.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> In addition to the deaths caused by COVID-19, several countries also observed an increase in the overall number of cardiovascular deaths during the pandemic compared with the same period in previous years. According to a recent study conducted by researchers from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley, and the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, the number of cardiovascular deaths increased up to 132% in Brazil during the pandemic.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
<p>Approximately 20 to 30% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have some form of myocardial injury, as shown by increased troponin concentrations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> This group of individuals have worse prognosis, even after adjusting for relevant risk factors and disease severity. Important etiologies of myocardial injury in COVID-19 include myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and direct injury by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in addition to non-cardiac conditions such as pulmonary embolism and sepsis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> The presence of heart failure (HF) in this context identifies a subgroup with complex management and may represent both a risk factor for worse infection outcomes and a severe cardiovascular complication caused by SARS-CoV-2.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
<p>In the field of heart transplant, there is also evidence of worse COVID-19 prognosis in transplant recipients,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> although this difference was not observed in a small Brazilian case series.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> The Committee on Infection in Transplants of the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplants (<italic>Comiss&#xE3;o de Infec&#xE7;&#xE3;o em Transplantes da Associa&#xE7;&#xE3;o Brasileira de Transplantes de &#xD3;rg&#xE3;os</italic>, COINT/ABTO) authorizes the use of all vaccines approved by the Brazil&#x2019;s National Health Surveillance Agency in solid organ transplant recipients; however, there are no data on the efficacy of the vaccines in this population, since immunocompromised individuals were excluded from the existing clinical trials.</p>
<p>According to the recommendations of the Brazilian Guideline on Chronic and Acute Hearth Failure, patients with advanced HF require regular rigorous multidisciplinary medical follow-up, performed ideally through face-to-face education, with reinforcements, delivery of written material, and regular follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> However, in view of measures of isolation and social distancing determined by the World Health Organization (WHO), telemedicine strategies, including telemonitoring and virtual consultations, have been strengthened as important allies in the management of HF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> In addition to reducing risks of unnecessary exposure to the virus, these programs aid in preventive recommendations, identification of patients at risk for decompensation, diffusion of accurate information through teaching platforms and access to specialists&#x2019; opinion at remote sites.</p>
<p>Since the beginning of the pandemic, Hospital de Messejana became one of the reference centers in the confrontation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Cear&#xE1;, Brazil. The increased rate of admissions for COVID-19 throughout 2020 was associated with reallocation of beds directed exclusively to infected patients and also to the emergence of new attributions to health care professionals. Normally, our service of advanced HF and heart transplant has a team comprising six cardiologists, six surgeons, and six nurses, in addition to a multidisciplinary team that includes a psychologist, a social worker, a dietitian, and physical therapists exclusively dedicated to the care of patients with HF and heart transplant. Due to the reallocation of beds and of the team of health care professionals for the care of patients with COVID-19, we implemented a primarily remote follow-up via telephone for patients with HF and transplant patients from March 26 to July 3 2020. This follow-up occurred from Monday to Friday, from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., and was conducted by two of the six nurses, who worked in rotating shifts. During this period, our nurses performed the follow-up of 361 patients with HF and 143 transplant recipients. For comparative purposes, during the same period of 2019, we had seen 972 patients, with a mean of 322 (standard deviation, 29) patients per month throughout the year. During phone calls, patients were questioned on their clinical status and on treatment adherence, in addition to receiving guidance on non-pharmacological measures such as water and salt restriction, diet, time of medications, among others. If any sign of decompensation was identified, the medical team was then consulted so that due measures were taken. All patients were encouraged to call the outpatient clinic if they had any question or if they experienced any new symptom.</p>
<p>During remote follow-up, we observed a decrease in the proportion of admissions of patients in outpatient follow-up for HF, from 24% in 2019 to 12% in 2020. Conversely, there was a relative increase from 10 to 20% in the hospitalization rate of transplant recipients in outpatient follow-up during the same period. This finding may be explained by the great number of procedures that recent transplant patients have to undergo during the first months and years after transplantation, including endomyocardial biopsies and rescue immunosuppressive therapies, which are unlikely to be performed outside hospital. We did not observe any difference in the percentage of reported deaths between 2019 and 2020; however, when exclusively analyzing individuals who were hospitalized, we found a 2.6-fold increase in the percentage of deaths in 2020, especially among patients with HF, who had an increase from 4% in 2019 to 19% in 2020. We believe that this increased mortality among hospitalized patients may be explained by the prioritization of individuals with more severe disease for hospitalization and, thus, with worse prognosis.</p>
<p>Although telephone follow-up has already been part of the care and research routine in most HF units in Brazil for a long time, this is the first time in more than 20 years that our multidisciplinary team relied primarily on remote monitoring rather than a face-to-face consultation. We believe that the benefits of telemonitoring cannot be judged only on the basis of its impact on morbidity and mortality rates but should also aim to improve the follow-up of non-pharmacological measures, which involve practice of physical activity, weight loss, and control of water and salt intake. Obviously, there are still many technical barriers for the implementation of other telemedicine services in Cear&#xE1;, including appropriate internet access (both by health care providers and patients), patients&#x2019; cognitive capacity to handle the appropriate applications, memory capacity and image quality in older devices etc.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, despite the seriousness of the current context, perspectives with regard to telemedicine in Brazil are positive, since it has become a critical tool in the confrontation of the pandemic and in the enhancement of health service coverage. However, it is worth noting that the telemedicine activity in Brazil was regulated through Law n. 13.989/20 in an exceptional manner, with validity only during the pandemic.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Despite that, considering the favorable results in Brazil and worldwide, we believe that the definitive regulation of telemedicine is only a matter of time.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
<p><bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold></p>
<p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn2">
<p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold></p>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<p><bold>Study Association</bold></p>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn></fn-group>
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<source>J Bras Pneumol</source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>e20200363</elocation-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36416/1806-3756/e20200363</pub-id></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>9. Garcia MVF, Garcia MAF. Telemedicine, Legal Certainty, and COVID-19: Where are we? J Bras Pneumol. 2020;46(4):e20200363. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200363.</mixed-citation></ref>
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<name><surname>Silveira</surname><given-names>FS</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Concei&#xE7;&#xE3;o-Souza</surname><given-names>GE</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Canesin</surname><given-names>MF</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Schwartzmann</surname><given-names>PV</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bernardez-Pereira</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>
<etal/></person-group>
<article-title>Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: The Future of Heart Failure: Telemonitoring, Wearables, artifIcial Intelligence and learNing in the Post-Pandemic Era</article-title>
<source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1190</fpage>
<lpage>1192</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201127</pub-id></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>10. Freitas AF Jr, Silveira FS, Concei&#xE7;&#xE3;o-Souza GE, Canesin MF, Schwartzmann PV, Bernardez-Pereira S, et al. Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: The Future of Heart Failure: Telemonitoring, Wearables, artifIcial Intelligence and learNing in the Post-Pandemic Era. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;115(6):1190-2. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201127.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label>
<element-citation publication-type="webpage">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<collab>Brasil. Lei n&#xBA; 13.989, de 15 de abril de 2020</collab></person-group>
<article-title>Disp&#xF5;e sobre o uso da telemedicina durante a crise causada pelo coronav&#xED;rus (SARS-CoV-2) [Internet]</article-title>
<comment>Bras&#xED;lia, DF</comment>
<source>Di&#xE1;rio Oficial da Uni&#xE3;o</source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>04</month>
<day>16</day>
<date-in-citation content-type="access-date">cited 2021 Feb 27</date-in-citation>
<comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/lei-n-13.989-de-15-de-abril-de-2020-252726328">https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/lei-n-13.989-de-15-de-abril-de-2020-252726328</ext-link></comment></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>11. Brasil. Lei n&#xBA; 13.989, de 15 de abril de 2020. Disp&#xF5;e sobre o uso da telemedicina durante a crise causada pelo coronav&#xED;rus (SARS-CoV-2) [Internet]. Bras&#xED;lia, DF, Di&#xE1;rio Oficial da Uni&#xE3;o, 2020 Apr 16 [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/lei-n-13.989-de-15-de-abril-de-2020-252726328.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list>
</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Comunica&#xE7;&#xE3;o Breve</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Atua&#xE7;&#xE3;o Multidisciplinar na Assist&#xEA;ncia de Pacientes com Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca em Meio &#xE0; Pandemia: Li&#xE7;&#xF5;es Aprendidas</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5982-8847</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>Jefferson Lu&#xED;s</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref> <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1754-1009</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Sobral</surname><given-names>Maria Gyslane Vasconcelos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3119-7187</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Flor&#xEA;ncio</surname><given-names>Raquel Sampaio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1846-3551</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>Viviane Moreira</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1598-4412</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Vasconcelos</surname><given-names>Glauber Gean</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8601-0901</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Almeida</surname><given-names>Germana Porto Linhares</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2945-7023</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Marinho</surname><given-names>Laura Leite da Esc&#xF3;ssia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5535-5912</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Fernandes</surname><given-names>Juliana Rolim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5018-941X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Mejia</surname><given-names>Juan Alberto Cosquillo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6767-4785</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Souza</surname><given-names>Jo&#xE3;o David de</given-names><suffix>Neto</suffix></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content></addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil</institution></aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#xEA;ncia: Jefferson Lu&#xED;s Vieira</bold> &#x2022; Hospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart - Avenida Frei Cirilo, 3480. CEP - <postal-code>60846-285</postal-code>, Messejana, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil. E-mail: <email>jefvieira@yahoo.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p><bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; conflito com o presente artigo</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p><bold>Contribui&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos autores</bold></p>
<p>Concep&#xE7;&#xE3;o e desenho da pesquisa: Vieira JL, Mejia JAC, Souza Neto JD; Obten&#xE7;&#xE3;o de dados: Vieira JL, Sobral MGV, Flor&#xEA;ncio RS, Alves VM; Vasconcelos GG, Almeida GPL, Marinho LLE, Fernandes JR, Souza Neto JD; An&#xE1;lise e interpreta&#xE7;&#xE3;o dos dados: Vieira JL, Sobral MGV, Flor&#xEA;ncio RS; Reda&#xE7;&#xE3;o do manuscrito: Vieira JL; Revis&#xE3;o cr&#xED;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#xFA;do intelectual importante: Vieira JL, Alves VM, Vasconcelos GG, Almeida GPL, Marinho LLE, Fernandes JR, Mejia JAC, Souza Neto JD.</p></fn></author-notes>
<abstract>
<title>Resumo</title>
<p>Al&#xE9;m das mortes causadas pela COVID-19, diversos pa&#xED;ses observaram tamb&#xE9;m um aumento no n&#xFA;mero total de mortes por doen&#xE7;as cardiovasculares durante a pandemia em compara&#xE7;&#xE3;o com o mesmo per&#xED;odo dos anos anteriores. A presen&#xE7;a de insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca (IC) no contexto da COVID-19 identifica um subgrupo de manejo complexo e pode representar tanto um fator de risco para pior evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o infecciosa quanto uma complica&#xE7;&#xE3;o cardiovascular grave causada pelo v&#xED;rus SARS-CoV-2. O doente com IC avan&#xE7;ada necessita de seguimento m&#xE9;dico e multidisciplinar peri&#xF3;dico e rigoroso, idealmente realizado atrav&#xE9;s de visitas presenciais. No entanto, diante do redimensionamento no quadro de profissionais e das medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social, as estrat&#xE9;gias de telemedicina se fortaleceram como importantes aliadas no manejo de pacientes com IC. No presente documento, relatamos a breve experi&#xEA;ncia da unidade de IC avan&#xE7;ada e transplante card&#xED;aco do Hospital de Messejana, refer&#xEA;ncia no combate &#xE0; COVID-19 no Cear&#xE1;, com o monitoramento prioritariamente remoto em detrimento da consulta presencial entre mar&#xE7;o e julho de 2020.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca</kwd>
<kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
<kwd>Coronav&#xED;rus</kwd></kwd-group></front-stub>
<body>
<sec>
<title>Artigo</title>
<p>Um ano ap&#xF3;s a notifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o do primeiro caso da doen&#xE7;a do novo coronav&#xED;rus (COVID-19) no Brasil, em 26 de fevereiro de 2020, j&#xE1; contamos com o alarmante registro de 10.517.232 casos e quase 255 mil &#xF3;bitos no pa&#xED;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Al&#xE9;m das mortes causadas pela COVID-19, diversos pa&#xED;ses observaram tamb&#xE9;m um aumento no n&#xFA;mero total de mortes por doen&#xE7;as cardiovasculares durante a pandemia em compara&#xE7;&#xE3;o com o mesmo per&#xED;odo dos anos anteriores. De acordo com um estudo recente realizado por pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, do Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley e da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, o n&#xFA;mero de mortes por doen&#xE7;as cardiovasculares no Brasil aumentou at&#xE9; 132% durante a pandemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
<p>Aproximadamente 20 a 30% dos pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 apresentam alguma forma de inj&#xFA;ria mioc&#xE1;rdica, evidenciada pela eleva&#xE7;&#xE3;o nas concentra&#xE7;&#xF5;es de troponina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Esse grupo de indiv&#xED;duos apresenta pior progn&#xF3;stico, mesmo ap&#xF3;s ajuste para fatores de risco relevantes e gravidade da doen&#xE7;a. Etiologias importantes de inj&#xFA;ria mioc&#xE1;rdica na COVID-19 incluem infarto do mioc&#xE1;rdio, cardiomiopatia de estresse, miocardite e les&#xE3;o direta pelo coronav&#xED;rus 2 causador da s&#xED;ndrome respirat&#xF3;ria aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), al&#xE9;m de condi&#xE7;&#xF5;es n&#xE3;o card&#xED;acas como embolia pulmonar e sepse.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> A presen&#xE7;a de insufici&#xEA;ncia card&#xED;aca (IC) nesse contexto identifica um subgrupo de manejo complexo e pode representar tanto um fator de risco para pior evolu&#xE7;&#xE3;o infecciosa quanto uma complica&#xE7;&#xE3;o cardiovascular grave causada pelo SARS-CoV-2.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
<p>No campo do transplante de cora&#xE7;&#xE3;o, tamb&#xE9;m h&#xE1; evid&#xEA;ncia de pior progn&#xF3;stico da COVID-19 em indiv&#xED;duos transplantados,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> embora essa diferen&#xE7;a n&#xE3;o tenha sido observada em uma pequena s&#xE9;rie de casos nacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Ainda que a Comiss&#xE3;o de Infec&#xE7;&#xE3;o em Transplantes da Associa&#xE7;&#xE3;o Brasileira de Transplantes de &#xD3;rg&#xE3;os (COINT/ABTO) autorize o uso de todas as vacinas aprovadas pela Ag&#xEA;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#xE2;ncia Sanit&#xE1;ria em transplantados de &#xF3;rg&#xE3;os s&#xF3;lidos, n&#xE3;o dispomos de dados sobre a efic&#xE1;cia das vacinas nessa popula&#xE7;&#xE3;o, visto que indiv&#xED;duos imunocomprometidos foram exclu&#xED;dos dos ensaios cl&#xED;nicos existentes.</p>
<p>De acordo com as recomenda&#xE7;&#xF5;es da Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#xEA;ncia Card&#xED;aca Cr&#xF4;nica e Aguda, o doente com IC avan&#xE7;ada necessita de acompanhamento m&#xE9;dico e multidisciplinar peri&#xF3;dico e rigoroso, idealmente realizado atrav&#xE9;s de educa&#xE7;&#xE3;o presencial, com refor&#xE7;os, entrega de material escrito e seguimento regular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> No entanto, diante das medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social determinadas pela Organiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o Mundial da Sa&#xFA;de (OMS), as estrat&#xE9;gias de telemedicina, incluindo telemonitorizac&#x327;&#xE3;o e consultas virtuais, v&#xEA;m se fortalecendo como importante aliadas no manejo da IC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Al&#xE9;m de reduzirem os riscos de exposi&#xE7;&#xE3;o desnecess&#xE1;ria ao v&#xED;rus, esses programas auxiliam em orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es preventivas, identifica&#xE7;&#xE3;o de pacientes sob risco de descompensa&#xE7;&#xE3;o, difus&#xE3;o de informa&#xE7;&#xF5;es acuradas atrav&#xE9;s de plataformas de ensino e acesso &#xE0; opini&#xE3;o de especialistas em locais remotos.</p>
<p>Desde o in&#xED;cio da pandemia, o Hospital de Messejana tornou-se um dos centros de refer&#xEA;ncia no enfrentamento &#xE0; pandemia da COVID-19 no estado do Cear&#xE1;. O aumento na taxa de interna&#xE7;&#xF5;es por COVID-19 ao longo de 2020 foi associado ao redimensionamento de leitos direcionados exclusivamente para pacientes com a infec&#xE7;&#xE3;o e tamb&#xE9;m ao surgimento de novas atribui&#xE7;&#xF5;es aos profissionais de sa&#xFA;de. Normalmente, nosso servi&#xE7;o de IC avan&#xE7;ada e transplante card&#xED;aco conta com uma equipe composta por seis cardiologistas, seis cirurgi&#xF5;es e seis enfermeiras, al&#xE9;m da equipe multidisciplinar que inclui psic&#xF3;loga, assistente social, nutricionista e fisioterapeutas dedicados(as) exclusivamente aos cuidados de pacientes com IC e transplante card&#xED;aco. Devido ao redimensionamento de leitos e do quadro de profissionais para o cuidado de pacientes com COVID-19, adotamos o acompanhamento prioritariamente remoto via contato telef&#xF4;nico para os pacientes com IC e transplantados entre os dias 26 de mar&#xE7;o e 03 de julho de 2020. Esse seguimento ocorreu de segunda a sexta-feira, no hor&#xE1;rio de 7 a 13 horas, tendo sido realizado por duas das seis enfermeiras que se revezavam em turnos. Nesse per&#xED;odo, nossas enfermeiras realizaram o seguimento de 361 pacientes com IC e 143 transplantados. Para fins de compara&#xE7;&#xE3;o, nesse mesmo per&#xED;odo de 2019, hav&#xED;amos atendido 972 pacientes, com uma m&#xE9;dia de 322&#xB1;29 pacientes por m&#xEA;s ao longo do ano. Durante as liga&#xE7;&#xF5;es, os pacientes foram questionados a respeito de seu estado cl&#xED;nico e da ades&#xE3;o terap&#xEA;utica, al&#xE9;m de receberem orienta&#xE7;&#xF5;es sobre medidas n&#xE3;o farmacol&#xF3;gicas como restri&#xE7;&#xE3;o h&#xED;drica e salina, dieta, hor&#xE1;rio das medica&#xE7;&#xF5;es, entre outros. Caso algum sinal de descompensa&#xE7;&#xE3;o fosse identificado, a equipe m&#xE9;dica era, ent&#xE3;o, consultada para que as devidas medidas fossem tomadas. Todos os pacientes foram encorajados a entrar em contato telef&#xF4;nico com o ambulat&#xF3;rio caso surgisse alguma d&#xFA;vida ou tivessem algum sintoma novo.</p>
<p>Durante o seguimento remoto, observamos uma redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o na propor&#xE7;&#xE3;o de interna&#xE7;&#xF5;es de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial por IC, de 24% em 2019 para 12% em 2020. Por outro lado, houve um aumento relativo de 10 para 20% na taxa de hospitaliza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de pacientes transplantados em acompanhamento ambulatorial no mesmo per&#xED;odo. Esse achado pode ser explicado pelo grande n&#xFA;mero de procedimentos pelos quais transplantados recentes t&#xEA;m que se submeter nos primeiros meses e anos ap&#xF3;s o transplante, incluindo bi&#xF3;psias endomioc&#xE1;rdicas e terapias imunossupressivas de resgate, que dificilmente podem ser realizados fora do ambiente hospitalar. N&#xE3;o observamos diferen&#xE7;a no percentual de &#xF3;bitos entre os registros de 2019 e de 2020; entretanto, ao analisarmos exclusivamente os indiv&#xED;duos que foram hospitalizados, encontramos 2,6 vezes mais &#xF3;bitos em 2020, especialmente entre os pacientes com IC, que tiveram um aumento de 4 para 19% entre 2019 e 2020. Entendemos que esse aumento de mortalidade entre os pacientes hospitalizados possa ser explicado pela prioriza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de indiv&#xED;duos com doen&#xE7;a mais grave para interna&#xE7;&#xE3;o e, portanto, de pior progn&#xF3;stico.</p>
<p>Embora o acompanhamento telef&#xF4;nico j&#xE1; fa&#xE7;a parte da rotina assistencial e de pesquisa da maioria das unidades de IC do pa&#xED;s h&#xE1; muito tempo, essa &#xE9; a primeira vez em mais de 20 anos que a nossa equipe multidisciplinar recorreu prioritariamente ao monitoramento remoto em detrimento &#xE0; consulta presencial. Acreditamos que os benef&#xED;cios do telemonitoramento n&#xE3;o possam ser julgados somente por seu impacto sobre mortalidade e morbidade, mas que tamb&#xE9;m devam ter como objetivo a melhoria no acompanhamento de medidas n&#xE3;o farmacol&#xF3;gicas, que envolvem realiza&#xE7;&#xE3;o de atividade f&#xED;sica, redu&#xE7;&#xE3;o de peso e regula&#xE7;&#xE3;o da ingest&#xE3;o h&#xED;drica e salina. Naturalmente, ainda existem muitas barreiras t&#xE9;cnicas para a implementa&#xE7;&#xE3;o de outros servi&#xE7;os de telemedicina no Cear&#xE1;, incluindo capacidade adequada de acesso &#xE0; internet (tanto do provedor quanto do paciente), capacidade cognitiva dos pacientes para lidar com os aplicativos apropriados, capacidade de mem&#xF3;ria e qualidade da imagem de dispositivos mais antigos etc.</p>
<p>De qualquer forma, apesar da gravidade do contexto atual, as perspectivas em rela&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE0; telemedicina no pa&#xED;s s&#xE3;o positivas, tendo se tornado uma ferramenta cr&#xED;tica no enfrentamento &#xE0; pandemia e na potencializa&#xE7;&#xE3;o do alcance dos servi&#xE7;os de sa&#xFA;de. Vale ressaltar, no entanto, que a atividade da telemedicina no Brasil foi sancionada atrav&#xE9;s da Lei de n&#xBA; 13.989/20 de forma excepcional e com validade somente enquanto durar a pandemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Contudo, considerando os resultados favor&#xE1;veis no Brasil e no mundo, acreditamos que a regulamenta&#xE7;&#xE3;o definitiva da telemedicina &#xE9; apenas uma quest&#xE3;o de tempo.</p>
</sec></body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
<p><bold>Aprova&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE9;tica e consentimento informado</bold></p>
<p>Este artigo n&#xE3;o cont&#xE9;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn5">
<p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold></p>
<p>O presente estudo n&#xE3;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
<p><bold>Vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o acad&#xEA;mica</bold></p>
<p>N&#xE3;o h&#xE1; vincula&#xE7;&#xE3;o deste estudo a programas de p&#xF3;s-gradua&#xE7;&#xE3;o.</p></fn></fn-group>
</back></sub-article>
</article>